Cannabaceae

Barbadian English
Bajan English
RegionCommonwealth Caribbean
Early forms
English alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3
IETFen-BB

Barbadian or Bajan English (/ˈbən/ BAY-jən) is a dialect of the English language as used by Barbadians (Bajans) and by Barbadian diasporas.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Barbadian English is fully rhotic and full of glottal stops. One example of Barbadian English would be the pronunciation of departments, which is IPA: [dɪˈpaːɹʔmənʔs]. It is also notable, in comparison with standard American or British English, for the first vowel in price or prize.[1][2]

  • The realization of the KIT vowel /ɪ/ in Barbadian English is pretty much the same as in American English, the default [ɪ].
  • The DRESS vowel /ɛ/ is [ɛ].
  • The TRAP vowel /æ/ is usually [a].
  • The LOT vowel /ɒ/ is usually [ɑ] or [ɒ].
  • The STRUT vowel /ʌ/ is the same as in the US English, [ʌ].
  • The FOOT vowel /ʊ/ is [ʊ].
  • The FLEECE vowel // is []. HAPPY is best identified as an allophone of this phoneme, thus /ˈhapiː/.
  • The FACE diphthong // varies by region and education/class: it manifests in educated speech generally as [] or sometimes [eɪ], and in rural and uneducated speech as the vowel [ɛ].
  • The PALM vowel /ɑː/ is mostly []. The BATH diaphoneme is mostly to be identified with this vowel (see trap-bath split)
  • The THOUGHT vowel /ɔː/ is [ɑː] or [ɒː].
  • The GOAT diphthong // is generally [] or [oə].
  • The NEAR /ɪər/ and SQUARE /ɛər/ sequences are both [eːɹ], resulting in the near-square merger.
  • The START sequence /ɑːr/ is [aːɹ].
  • The NORTH sequence /ɔːr/ is usually [ɑːɹ] or [ɒːɹ].
  • The FORCE sequence /ɔːr/ and the CURE sequence /ʊər/ are both usually [oːɹ].
  • The NURSE vowel /ɜːr/ is [ɤ].
  • The GOOSE vowel // is mostly [].
  • The PRICE diphthong // is generally [ʌɪ].
  • The CHOICE diphthong /ɔɪ/ is either [ʌɪ] or [oɪ].
  • The MOUTH diphthong // is [ʌʊ].
  • The final LETTER vowel /ər/ is [ɤ].
  • The final HORSES vowel /ɪ/ is [ɪ].
  • The final COMMA vowel /ə/ is [ə].
  • The TRAP and LOT vowels are not merged in Barbadian English. However the vowels of LOT, CLOTH, and THOUGHT are generally merged.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Schneider, E.W., and Kortmann, B. " A Handbook of Varieties of English: Morphology and syntax ". Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. In [1],
  2. ^ Michelle Straw, Peter L. Patrick. " Dialect acquisition of glottal variation in /t/: Barbadians in Ipswich ". Language Sciences 29 (2007) 385–407. In [2],


One thought on “Cannabaceae

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
    View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction

Leave a Reply