The protein was identified in the laboratory of Xiaodong Wang as an activator of caspase-3 in the presence of cytochromeC and dATP.[8] This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that forms one of the central hubs in the apoptosis regulatory network. This protein contains (from the N terminal) a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), an ATPase domain (NB-ARC), few short helical domains and then several copies of the WD40 repeat domain. Upon binding cytochrome c and dATP, this protein forms an oligomeric apoptosome. The apoptosome binds and cleaves Procaspase-9 protein, releasing its mature, activated form. The precise mechanism for this reaction is still debated though work published by Guy Salvesen suggests that the apoptosome may induce caspase-9 dimerization and subsequent autocatalysis.[9] Activated caspase-9 stimulates the subsequent caspase cascade that commits the cell to apoptosis.
APAF1 contains a CARD domain with a Greek key motif composed of six helices, a Rossman fold nucleotide binding domains, a short helical motif and a winged-helix domain.[10]
^Kim H, Jung YK, Kwon YK, Park SH (1999). "Assignment of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 gene (APAF1) to human chromosome band 12q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 87 (3–4): 252–3. doi:10.1159/000015436. PMID10702682. S2CID10377371.
Qin H, Srinivasula SM, Wu G, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES, Shi Y (Jun 1999). "Structural basis of procaspase-9 recruitment by the apoptotic protease-activating factor 1". Nature. 399 (6736): 549–57. Bibcode:1999Natur.399..549Q. doi:10.1038/21124. PMID10376594. S2CID4403525.
Drosopoulos NE, Walsh FS, Doherty P (Jun 1999). "A soluble version of the receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa stimulates neurite outgrowth via a Grb2/MEK1-dependent signaling cascade". Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 13 (6): 441–9. doi:10.1006/mcne.1999.0758. PMID10383829. S2CID35458154.
PDB gallery
1c15: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF APAF-1 CARD
1cww: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN (CARD) FROM APAF-1
1cy5: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE APAF-1 CARD
1z6t: Structure of the apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 bound to ADP
2p1h: Rapid Folding and Unfolding of Apaf-1 CARD
2ygs: CARD DOMAIN FROM APAF-1
3ygs: APAF-1 CARD IN COMPLEX WITH PRODOMAIN OF PROCASPASE-9
One thought on “Cannabaceae”
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction