![]() Logo of the 2019 Pan American Games | |
Host | Lima, Peru |
---|---|
Motto | Let's All Play Spanish: Jugamos Todos; Quechua: Llapanchismi pukllanchis; Aymara: Taqinipuniw anatt’apxtanxa |
Nations | 41 |
Athletes | 6,680 |
Events | 419 in 38 sports |
Opening | July 26 |
Closing | August 11 |
Opened by | President Martín Vizcarra |
Cauldron lighter | Cecilia Tait |
Main venue | National Stadium of Peru |
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Part of a series on the |
2019 Pan American Games |
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The 2019 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 2019), officially the XVIII Pan American Games (Spanish: XVIII Juegos Panamericanos) and commonly known as Lima 2019, were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization held in Lima, Peru from July 26 to August 11, 2019, with preliminary rounds in certain events having begun on July 24, 2019. These were the first Pan American Games to be held in Peru, and the seventh to be held in South America.
The opening ceremony took place on July 26 at the National Stadium of Peru, and the Games were declared open by former Peruvian President Martín Vizcarra. These Pan American Games were held at venues in and around Lima, and are the largest sporting event ever hosted by the country.[1]
Bidding process
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Modern_Lima_-_city_skyline.jpg/220px-Modern_Lima_-_city_skyline.jpg)
A total of four bids were submitted for the 2019 Pan American Games, and they were officially announced on February 1, 2013. These were Lima in Peru, Santiago in Chile, Ciudad Bolívar in Venezuela and La Punta in Argentina.[2] Lima bid for the games for the second consecutive time after losing to Toronto for the 2015 edition of the games. Santiago had won the rights to stage the 1975 and 1987 Pan American Games but withdrew both times before hosting. The other two cities bid for the games for the first time. Lima was elected as the host city on October 11, 2013, where PASO members gathered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada to elect the host city.[3][4] The city was considered the favourite to win the rights to host throughout the contest.[4]
City | NOC | Round 1 |
---|---|---|
Lima | ![]() |
31 |
La Punta | ![]() |
9 |
Santiago | ![]() |
9 |
Ciudad Bolívar | ![]() |
8 |
Development and preparation
[edit]Venues
[edit]The events were held in various Lima districts and neighboring cities, with most of them concentrated in the clusters of VIDENA (a complex in the San Luis District), Pan American Park (Villa María del Triunfo), the Sports Village of Callao, and a sports complex in Costa Verde.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_estadio_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA_%282021%29.jpg/220px-Vista_a%C3%A9rea_del_estadio_nacional_del_Per%C3%BA_%282021%29.jpg)
Financing
[edit]The total budget is estimated at US$1.2 billion, with $470 million in sports infrastructure, $180 million building the Pan American Village, $430 million spent in organization, and $106 million for other expenses.[5]
Athletes' Village
[edit]9,500 athletes and team officials were accommodated in a complex with 1,700 units in Villa El Salvador.
Torch relay
[edit]The torch was sent from Mexico to Lima by sailboat, and the torch relay started in Machu Picchu.[6] The torch had toured through 23 cities over 23 days and covered 5,500 kilometers en route to the Peru National Stadium in Lima on July 26, 2019, for the opening ceremony. The cities include Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo, Cusco, Puno, Lake Titicaca, Arequipa, Camaná, Nazca, Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Cerro de Pasco, Huánuco, Tocache, Tarapoto, Bagua Grande, Piura, Cajamarca, Trujillo and Huaraz.[7]
The Games
[edit]Ceremonies
[edit]The opening ceremony of the games took place on July 26, 2019, and the closing ceremony took place on August 11, 2019.[8]
Participating National Olympic Committees
[edit]All 41 nations who are members of the Pan American Sports Organization competed at the event.[9][10] The numbers in parentheses represents the number of athletes a country qualified.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2015_Pan_American_Games_Participating_Countries.png/220px-2015_Pan_American_Games_Participating_Countries.png)
Participating National Olympic Committees |
---|
|
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee
[edit]IOC | Country | Athletes |
---|---|---|
USA | ![]() |
643 |
PER | ![]() |
592 |
MEX | ![]() |
543 |
ARG | ![]() |
529 |
BRA | ![]() |
487 |
CAN | ![]() |
477 |
CUB | ![]() |
420 |
COL | ![]() |
349 |
CHI | ![]() |
317 |
VEN | ![]() |
282 |
PUR | ![]() |
244 |
DOM | ![]() |
209 |
ECU | ![]() |
201 |
GUA | ![]() |
147 |
URU | ![]() |
145 |
JAM | ![]() |
124 |
TRI | ![]() |
98 |
CRC | ![]() |
84 |
PAN | ![]() |
83 |
PAR | ![]() |
71 |
NCA | ![]() |
61 |
ESA | ![]() |
56 |
BOL | ![]() |
49 |
HON | ![]() |
44 |
BAH | ![]() |
33 |
BAR | ![]() |
31 |
ISV | ![]() |
30 |
GUY | ![]() |
26 |
ARU | ![]() |
21 |
BER | ![]() |
17 |
GRN | ![]() |
11 |
ANT | ![]() |
9 |
HAI | ![]() |
8 |
LCA | ![]() |
7 |
BIZ | ![]() |
6 |
CAY | ![]() |
6 |
SUR | ![]() |
6 |
IVB | ![]() |
5 |
SKN | ![]() |
4 |
VIN | ![]() |
4 |
DMA | ![]() |
2 |
Sports
[edit]419 events in 38 sports were contested in Lima, the largest number of medal events ever held at a single edition of the Pan American Games until that date. Bodybuilding and surfing were contested at the Pan-Am Games for the first time in 2019, basque pelota was reinstated after being absent from the 2015 Games, and women's baseball was dropped after debuting in 2015.[50]
Almost all of the new events being contested at the 2020 Summer Olympics were already on the Pan-Am Games' program. Sport climbing was excluded because it did not have the required number of national federations in the Americas to be eligible for inclusion. Skateboarding was pulled from the program in May 2019; Panam Sports cited that World Skate had diminished the quality of the event by having not made the Games be a qualifier for the Olympics, and its partner Street League Skateboarding (SLS) having scheduled a World Tour event in Los Angeles that conflicted with the Games.[51][52][53][54]
The new disciplines that were scheduled to be introduced for the 2020 Summer Olympics were also added, including the 4 × 100m mixed medley relay, men's 800m and women's 1,500m in swimming, 3-on-3 basketball, BMX freestyle park, two new women's boxing events, Madison track cycling, the transfer of three men's events to mixed team events in shooting, table tennis mixed doubles, archery mixed team, and triathlon mixed relay. There was a reduction of one men's weightlifting event,[55][56] and all canoe events being gender-neutral (removing a men's event from each discipline).[50] 19 extra events were also added, including the 1m springboard in diving,[50] as well three events in compound archery,[57] modern pentathlon relays (with mixed, men's, and women's events),[50] 49er, Nacra 17 and kiteboarding (the latter two replacing the Hobie 16 and J/24) events in sailing,[58] extreme canoe slalom, mixed doubles squash, women's wakeboard, poomsae events in taekwondo,[59] women's 50 km race walking, and men's and woman's doubles events in table tennis.[50][60][61]
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events to be contested in each sport/discipline.
- Aquatics
Artistic swimming (2) ( )
Diving (10) ( )
Open water swimming (2) ( )
Swimming (36) ( )
Water polo (2) ( )
Archery (8) ( )
Athletics (48) ( )
Badminton (5) ( )
- Baseball
Basketball (4) ( )
Basque pelota (10) ( )
Bodybuilding (2) ( )
Bowling (4) ( )
Boxing (15) ( )
Canoeing ( )
- Canoe sprint (12)
- Canoe slalom (6)
Cycling ( )
- BMX (4)
- Mountain biking (2)
- Road (4)
- Track (12)
Equestrian ( )
Fencing (12) ( )
Field hockey (2) ( )
Football (2) ( )
Golf (3) ( )
Gymnastics ( )
- Artistic gymnastics (14)
- Rhythmic gymnastics (8)
- Trampoline (2)
Handball (2) ( )
Judo (14) ( )
Karate (14) ( )
Modern pentathlon (5) ( )
Racquetball (6) ( )
Roller sports ( )
- Figure Skating (2)
- Speed Skating (6)
Rowing (14) ( )
Rugby sevens (2) ( )
Sailing (11) ( )
Shooting (15) ( )
Squash (7) ( )
Surfing (8) ( )
Table tennis (7) ( )
Taekwondo (12) ( )
Tennis (5) ( )
Triathlon (3) ( )
- Volleyball
Beach volleyball (2) ( )
Volleyball (2) ( )
Water skiing (10) ( )
Weightlifting (14) ( )
Wrestling ( )
- Freestyle (12)
- Greco-Roman (6)
Calendar
[edit]The calendar was unveiled on April 18, 2019, 100 days ahead to the start of the competition.[62][63]
OC | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | 1 | Event finals | CC | Closing ceremony |
July/August | 24 Wed |
25 Thu |
26 Fri |
27 Sat |
28 Sun |
29 Mon |
30 Tue |
31 Wed |
1 Thu |
2 Fri |
3 Sat |
4 Sun |
5 Mon |
6 Tue |
7 Wed |
8 Thu |
9 Fri |
10 Sat |
11 Sun |
Events | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ceremonies (opening / closing) | OC | CC | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Aquatics | ![]() |
● | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
8 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 36 | |||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | 3 | 5 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 48 | ||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | 2 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 4 | |||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | 7 | 8 | 15 | ||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | 2 | ● | ● | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
Canoeing | ![]() |
● | ● | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
![]() |
1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
Cycling | ![]() |
● | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
Equestrian | ![]() |
● | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Gymnastics | ![]() |
1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
![]() |
3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
![]() |
4 | 5 | 5 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 4 | ● | ● | 2 | 6 | |||||||||||
Roller sports | ![]() |
● | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 4 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | 4 | 5 | 5 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 6 | 5 | 11 | ||||||||||||
![]() |
1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 15 | ||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 2 | ||||||
![]() |
● | ● | 2 | 3 | ● | ● | 2 | 7 | |||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | 2 | ● | 6 | 8 | |||||||||||||
![]() |
● | 1 | 2 | 2 | ● | ● | 2 | 7 | |||||||||||||
![]() |
4 | 4 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 3 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||
![]() |
2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Volleyball | ![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | ● | ● | ● | ● | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
![]() |
● | ● | 7 | 3 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
![]() |
3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||
![]() |
5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
Total events | 21 | 21 | 30 | 23 | 11 | 15 | 21 | 13 | 32 | 11 | 17 | 29 | 32 | 49 | 72 | 22 | 419 | ||||
Cumulative total | 21 | 42 | 72 | 95 | 106 | 121 | 142 | 155 | 187 | 198 | 215 | 244 | 276 | 325 | 397 | 419 | — | ||||
24 Wed |
25 Thu |
26 Fri |
27 Sat |
28 Sun |
29 Mon |
30 Tue |
31 Wed |
1 Thu |
2 Fri |
3 Sat |
4 Sun |
5 Mon |
6 Tue |
7 Wed |
8 Thu |
9 Fri |
10 Sat |
11 Sun |
Events |
Medal table
[edit]- Key
* Host nation (Peru)
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ![]() | 122 | 87 | 84 | 293 |
2 | ![]() | 54 | 45 | 70 | 169 |
3 | ![]() | 37 | 39 | 62 | 138 |
4 | ![]() | 35 | 65 | 52 | 152 |
5 | ![]() | 33 | 33 | 34 | 100 |
6 | ![]() | 33 | 28 | 39 | 100 |
7 | ![]() | 27 | 24 | 31 | 82 |
8 | ![]() | 13 | 19 | 18 | 50 |
9 | ![]() | 11 | 12 | 17 | 40 |
10 | ![]() | 11 | 7 | 23 | 41 |
11–31 | Remaining NOCs | 43 | 60 | 92 | 195 |
Totals (31 entries) | 419 | 419 | 522 | 1,360 |
Media
[edit]Broadcasting
[edit]Mediapro served as host broadcaster. The Lima Convention Centre hosted the International Broadcast Centre (IBC).[64] Panam Sports also launched the Panam Sports Channel on its website, which featured supplemental video content from the Games hosted by local personality Alexandra Hörler.[65]
Marketing
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c5/2019_Pan_American_Games_Mascot.png/150px-2019_Pan_American_Games_Mascot.png)
Logo
[edit]The official logo of the 2019 Pan American Games is inspired by the amancay, an indigenous flower that flourishes from June 24 through September 30. The flower and its pistils represent three athletes with open arms and the three Americas, with the identity of Lima. It was designed by Peruvian graphic designers Juan Diego Sanz and Jorge Luis Zárate.[66]
Mascot
[edit]In June 2017, after over a thousand submissions, the organising committee revealed the final three in the running to be the mascot of the games.[67] The final three designs were: Milco, which was influenced by Cuchimilco sculptures (pre-Hispanic figures of Chancay culture developed in Lima around 1200–1470 A.D.); a flower named Amantis; and Wayqi, a leaf-toed gecko. In July 2017, it was announced Milco was the winner of the contest, receiving 45% of the vote. There was approximately 44,154 votes cast in the contest, the most ever for a mascot competition for the Pan American Games.[68] The winning designer of the competition was awarded 15,000 Peruvian soles (or approximately US$4,600).[69] Milco's body is orange and the colour of his shorts is red, while his T-shirt is white, representing the colors of the Peruvian flag. Milco was designed by 24-year-old Andrea Norka Medrano Moy.[68]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Wade, Stephen (May 21, 2017). "Peru organizes 2019 Pan Am Games in wake of deadly flooding". Toronto Star. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ "Four Cities Vying to Host 2019 Pan American Games". swimmingworldmagazine.com. Sports Publications, Inc. February 1, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
- ^ Bauer, Aaron (October 11, 2013). "Lima Wins the 2019 Pan American Games". Around the Rings. Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ a b McKay, Duncan (October 11, 2013). "Lima awarded 2019 Pan American and Parapan Games". insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media Company Limited. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
- ^ "El presupuesto para Lima 2019 está casi listo" [The budget for Lima 2019 is almost ready]. La Republica (in Spanish). July 21, 2016.
- ^ "Lima 2019 to Showcase Peruvian Culture". Around the Rings. September 22, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ Pavitt, Michael (September 7, 2018). "Lima 2019 announce Torch Relay to start at Machu Picchu". insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media Company Limited. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- ^ "Ceremonies". lima2019.pe. Organizing Committee of the Lima 2019 XVIII Pan American Games and Sixth Parapan American Games (COPAL). Retrieved December 20, 2019.
- ^ "Participating Countries". lima2019.pe. Organizing Committee of the Lima 2019 XVIII Pan American Games and Sixth Parapan American Games (COPAL). Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ "Our 41 Members". panamsports.org. Panam Sports. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- ^ Knight, Carlena (July 22, 2019). "Local team for Pan Am Games named". Antigua Observer. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
- ^ "Aruba ta cla pa Lima 2019" [Aruba is ready for Lima 2019]. olympicaruba.com (in Papiamento). Aruban Olympic Committee. June 15, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ Smith, Randy (July 3, 2019). "2019 Bahamas Pan American Games Team". EyeWitness News. Nassau, Bahamas. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
- ^ "BOA announces 2019 Pan Am Games squad". The Daily Nation. Fontabelle, Saint Michael, Barbados. July 19, 2019. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- ^ "Meet the Belize Delegation Heading to the Pan American Games". channel5belize.com. Great Belize Productions Ltd. July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "BOA Names Bermuda Team For Pan Am Games". Bernews. Hamilton, Bermuda. July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
- ^ Paredes, René Quenallata (July 18, 2019). "Bolivia define a sus atletas y abanderado para Juegos Panamericanos Lima 2019" [Bolivia defines its athletes and flag bearers for Pan American Games Lima 2019]. Xinhua News Agency (in Spanish). Beijing, China. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Brazil's goal at Pan Am Games: Book record number of Olympic qualifying spots". EFE. Madrid, Spain. July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
- ^ Fay, Sofia (June 25, 2019). "Lima 2019 Pan Am Games athletes announced at Olympic Day Sports Festival". bviolympics.org. British Virgin Islands Olympic Committee. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- ^ Piercy, Justin (July 25, 2019). "Canadians settle into Peru's Pan Am Games, with an eye to what's ahead in Tokyo". cbc.ca. CBC. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
- ^ Armenise, Jordan (June 28, 2019). "Olympic Committee Names Team of Six for 2019 Pan Am Games". Cayman27. George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- ^ "El Team Chile aumentó a 317 los deportistas de la delegación para los Juegos Panamericanos" [Team Chile increased to 317 the athletes of the delegation for the Pan American Games]. alairelibre.cl (in Spanish). AlAireLibre.CL. July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Colombia, con 10 medallistas olímpicos en los Juegos Panamericanos de Lima 2019" [Colombia, with 10 Olympic medalists in the Pan American Games in Lima 2019]. El Espectador (in Spanish). Bogota, Colombia. July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ Goñi, Diana Flores (June 26, 2019). "Ochenta y cuatro ticos competirán en un mes en Juegos Panamericanos" [Eighty-four Ticos will compete in one month in Pan American Games]. El Mundo (in Spanish). San Jose, Costa Rica. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Cuba oficializa delegación de 420 atletas para Lima-2019" [Cuba officially delegates 420 athletes to Lima-2019]. Prensa Latina (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba. July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ Charles, Kande (July 18, 2019). "Simon, Lafond, to represent Dominica at PanAm games". Dominica News Online. Roseau, Dominica. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Abanderan delegación dominicana a los Panamericanos Lima-2019" [Dominican Delegation flagged to the Pan-American Lima-2019]. Prensa Latina (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba. July 19, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ Santos, Manuela (July 15, 2019). "¡Asciende la delegación a Juegos Panamericanos! La cifra histórica del Team Ecuador sube a 201" [Ascend the delegation to Pan American Games! The historical figure of Team Ecuador goes up to 201]. coe.org.ec (in Spanish). Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Atletas del Team ESA en Lima 2019" [Athletes of Team ESA in Lima 2019]. teamesa.org (in Spanish). El Salvador Olympic Committee. July 1, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
- ^ Sylvester, Jazelle (July 16, 2019). "Team Grenada Announced for 2019 Pan-american Games". Grenada Broadcast. St. George’s, Grenada. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
- ^ Digo, Juan (July 21, 2019). "Atletas de Guatemala clasificados a los Juegos Panamericanos de Lima 2019" [Guatemala athletes qualified for the Lima 2019 Pan American Games]. guatemala.com (in Spanish). Guatemala.com. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
- ^ Chapman, Calvin (July 14, 2019). "GOA confirms contingent for Pan Am games". Kaieteur News. Georgetown, Guyana. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "8 Haitian athletes at the 18th Pan-American Games". icihaiti.com. ICI Haiti. July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- ^ "La lista de atletas que van a representar a Honduras en los Juegos Panamericanos Lima 2019" [The list of athletes who will represent Honduras at the Pan American Games Lima 2019]. Diez (in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras. July 5, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
- ^ "Queda Delegación Mexicana con 543 deportistas a Lima" [Mexican delegation settle with 543 athletes to Lima]. com.org.mx (in Spanish). Mexican Olympic Committee. June 27, 2019. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- ^ Membreño, Rosa (June 13, 2019). "61 atletas nicas competirán en los Juegos Panamericanos de Lima 2019" [61 athletes will compete in the Pan American Games in Lima 2019]. hoy.com.ni (in Spanish). Hoy. Archived from the original on June 14, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ Alfaro, Julio (July 4, 2019). "COP presenta delegación y escoge abanderado para los Juegos Panamericanos en Lima" [COP presents delegation and chooses flag-bearer for the Pan-American Games in Lima]. La Estrella de Panamá (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Abanderan a delegación paraguaya a Juegos Panamericanos de Lima" [Paraguayan delegation to the Pan-American Games in Lima]. Prensa Latina (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba. July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Perú confirma delegación de 834 integrantes en Panamericanos" [Peru confirms delegation of 834 members in Pan-American Games]. Prensa Latina (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba. July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ "Puerto Rico viajará a Lima-2019 con una delegación de 244 deportistas" [Puerto Rico will travel to Lima-2019 with a delegation of 244 athletes]. Prensa Latina (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba. July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ De Beauville, Anthony (July 18, 2019). "Levern Spencer To Lead Saint Lucia's Charge At Pan Am Games". The Voice. Castries, Saint Lucia. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
- ^ "The SKNOC names its 2019 Pan Am Games Team". sknvibes.com. SKNVibes, Inc. July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
- ^ "SVG's Pan American Games team named". Searchlight. Kingstown, Saint Vincent. July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- ^ Finisie, Frank (July 19, 2019). "Geblesseerde Van Assen mist Pan-Am Games" [Van Assen injured misses Pan-Am Games]. De Ware Tijd (in Dutch). Paramaribo, Suriname. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
- ^ Fraser, Narissa (July 14, 2019). "Pan Am Games will be a litmus test says Lewis". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday. Port of Spain, Trinidad. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
- ^ "U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee Announces 2019 U.S. Pan American Team". teamusa.org. United States Olympic Committee. July 18, 2019. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
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External links
[edit]- Official website (Archived September 9, 2019, at the Wayback Machine)
- Schedule and results
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction