Season | 1979 |
---|---|
Champions | Vancouver Whitecaps (1st title) |
Premiers | New York Cosmos (3rd title) |
Matches played | 360 |
Goals scored | 1,374 (3.82 per match) |
Top goalscorer | Giorgio Chinaglia (26 goals) |
Biggest home win | SEA 9–0 EDM (August 1)[1] |
Biggest away win | MEM 0–6 ATL (July 21)[2] SJ 0–6 SD (August 11)[3] |
Highest scoring | DET 6–5 (SO) CHI (July 7)[4] DET 8–2 FTL (June 27)[5] |
Longest winning run | 8, New York (July 8 – August 12)[6] |
Longest losing run | 14, Edmonton (May 26 – July 18)[7] |
Highest attendance | 76,031 (Tulsa at New York) (August 26)[8] |
Lowest attendance | 653 (N.E. at Houston) (April 19)[9] |
Average attendance | 14,201[10] |
← 1978 1980 → |
The 1979 North American Soccer League season was the 67th season of FIFA-sanctioned soccer and the 12th with a national first-division league in the United States and Canada.
Changes from the previous season
[edit]Rules changes
[edit]A rule modification required that each squad play two U.S. or Canadian players and that each 17-man roster carry six such players.[11]
New teams
[edit]- None
Teams folding
[edit]- None
Teams moving
[edit]- Colorado Caribous to Atlanta Chiefs
- Oakland Stompers to Edmonton Drillers
Name changes
[edit]- Cosmos to New York Cosmos
- Toronto Metros-Croatia to Toronto Blizzard
Map of clubs
[edit]Season recap
[edit]Compared to the previous season's upheaval, 1979 was a relatively tranquil year. The league format remained unchanged with 24 teams divided into six divisions within two conferences, and a 16-team playoff. A slight modification to the first round of the playoffs, from a single game to the two-game format used in later rounds, was made. Also the minigame, used to decide tied playoff series, no longer ended on a golden goal (sudden death). Instead, the entire 30 minutes was played.[12]
Still, there were issues to be sorted out. There was a brief players' strike on April 14, as the league refused to recognize the newly formed Players Association.[13] However, since the majority of NASL players were foreign and unsure of American and Canadian labor laws, support was minimal.[14] An estimated three quarters of NASL players crossed the picket line once the Justice Department implied that foreign players would be subject to deportation.[15]
The Cosmos decided to put "New York" back into their name after a two-year absence. With a change in ownership, the Toronto franchise was now called the Toronto Blizzard, while Toronto Croatia (who had merged with the Metros back in 1975) returned to their old league, the National Soccer League. The Colorado Caribous moved to Atlanta to become the reborn Atlanta Chiefs in October 1978,[16] while the Oakland Stompers would move to Edmonton just a month before the start of the season.[17] Both teams struggled, finishing last in their respective divisions. The new Edmonton Drillers were particularly bad, setting a record for most consecutive losses in league history with 14.[18]
At the other end of the table, the Houston Hurricane went from worst to first in the American Conference, going undefeated in their 15 home matches at the Astrodome and earning Timo Liekoski Coach of the Year honors.[19] However, the Hurricane were upset in the first round of the ASC playoffs, as the Philadelphia Fury, who were winless on the road during the regular season, won the deciding game in Houston.[20]
That meant the door was opened for the Tampa Bay Rowdies to win their second straight ASC title, sweeping the Fury[21] and outlasting the San Diego Sockers in a minigame at Tampa Stadium.[22] The Rowdies were led by Oscar Fabbiani's 25 goals and a defense that gave up 46 goals, the second-fewest in the league.
The two-time defending champion Cosmos kept rolling, posting another 24–6 record and surpassing their league record for points with 216. Johan Cruyff joined the team in the fall of 1978 for a few exhibitions, but the Los Angeles Aztecs bought out his NASL option for $600,000 to take him to the West Coast.[23] Cruyff scored two goals against the Rochester Lancers on his debut,[24] while leading the Aztecs to a nine-win turnaround. Despite their second-round playoff loss to the Vancouver Whitecaps,[25] he earned league MVP honors for his efforts.
New York proved that they did not need him to score goals, as Giorgio Chinaglia led the league for the third straight year. However, he lost out on the scoring title by a point to Fabbiani.[26] As befitting their status within the league, the Cosmos had the honor of playing in the first game of ABC Sports' three-year TV contract with the league in May;[27] a Soccer Bowl '78 rematch in which they lost 3–2 at Tampa Bay. The network would cover nine regular-season and playoff games per year. This included coverage of the next three Soccer Bowls.[28]
However, the league's dream of the Cosmos hosting another Soccer Bowl in front of a national TV audience went up in smoke when New York lost to Vancouver in a memorable playoff matchup. After the Whitecaps won the first game of the National Conference final in Vancouver,[29] the teams played for three and a half hours at Giants Stadium three days later on ABC. The Cosmos won the regular game in a shootout, tying the series at one. The deciding minigame would also go to a shootout, where Derek Possee gave Vancouver the lead. After the Cosmos' Ricky Davis and the Whitecaps' Alan Ball missed on their chances, New York's Nelsi Morais was unable to beat the five-second clock and his goal was waved off, giving Vancouver the win.[30]
Vancouver went on to beat the Rowdies a week later in the Soccer Bowl. Trevor Whymark scored both Vancouver goals and earned game MVP honors,[31] while Tampa Bay suffered their second straight loss in the championship game.[32] Attendance at Giants Stadium was well below projections, as 50,699 showed up despite 66,843 tickets having been sold.[33] The Whitecaps' Alan Ball was named playoff MVP for his seven-assist effort in Vancouver's championship run.[34] Attendance estimates vary (they range from 60,000 to 150,000 people),[35] but the resulting championship parade is still considered the largest public demonstration in Vancouver civic history.[36]
Another positive sign for the league was that this would be the first offseason in NASL history where no franchises folded or moved.
Regular season
[edit]6 points for a win, 0 points for a loss, 1 point for each regulation goal scored up to three per game.
Division standings
[edit]- -Playoffs via division standings. -Playoffs via wildcard.
American Conference
Updated to match(es) played on September 2, 1979. Source: Overall standings
Updated to match(es) played on September 2, 1979. Source: Overall standings
Updated to match(es) played on September 2, 1979. Source: Overall standings Notes:
|
National Conference
Updated to match(es) played on September 2, 1979. Source: Overall standings
Updated to match(es) played on September 2, 1979. Source: Overall standings
Updated to match(es) played on September 2, 1979. Source: Overall standings
|
Conference standings
[edit]American Conference
[edit]
Pos | Div | Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | BP | Pts | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | C | Houston Hurricane | 30 | 22 | 8 | 61 | 46 | +15 | 55 | 187 | Playoffs (division winner) |
2 | E | Tampa Bay Rowdies (A) | 30 | 19 | 11 | 67 | 46 | +21 | 55 | 169 | |
3 | W | San Diego Sockers | 30 | 15 | 15 | 59 | 55 | +4 | 50 | 140[a] | |
4 | E | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 30 | 17 | 13 | 75 | 64 | +11 | 63 | 165 | Playoffs (division runner-up) |
5 | C | Chicago Sting | 30 | 16 | 14 | 70 | 61 | +9 | 63 | 159 | |
6 | W | California Surf | 30 | 15 | 15 | 53 | 56 | −3 | 50 | 140 | |
7 | C | Detroit Express | 30 | 14 | 16 | 60 | 56 | +4 | 48 | 132 | Playoffs (wildcard berth) |
8 | E | Philadelphia Fury | 30 | 10 | 20 | 55 | 60 | −5 | 51 | 111 | |
9 | E | New England Tea Men | 30 | 12 | 18 | 41 | 56 | −15 | 38 | 110 | |
10 | W | Edmonton Drillers | 30 | 8 | 22 | 43 | 78 | −35 | 40 | 88 | |
11 | W | San Jose Earthquakes | 30 | 8 | 22 | 41 | 74 | −33 | 38 | 86 | |
12 | C | Memphis Rogues | 30 | 6 | 24 | 38 | 74 | −36 | 37 | 73 |
Rules for classification: 1) Division position; 2) Points; 3) Wins; 4) Goal differential
(A) Conference champion
Notes:
- ^ San Diego had less points than Fort Lauderdale and Chicago, but won the third seed due to being the third best team who won their division.
National Conference
[edit]
Pos | Div | Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | BP | Pts | Qualification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | E | New York Cosmos | 30 | 24 | 6 | 84 | 52 | +32 | 72 | 216 | Playoffs (division winner) |
2 | C | Minnesota Kicks | 30 | 21 | 9 | 67 | 48 | +19 | 58 | 184 | |
3 | W | Vancouver Whitecaps (N) | 30 | 20 | 10 | 54 | 34 | +20 | 52 | 172 | |
4 | E | Washington Diplomats | 30 | 19 | 11 | 68 | 50 | +18 | 58 | 172 | Playoffs (division runner-up) |
5 | W | Los Angeles Aztecs | 30 | 18 | 12 | 62 | 47 | +15 | 54 | 162 | |
6 | C | Dallas Tornado | 30 | 17 | 13 | 53 | 51 | +2 | 50 | 152 | |
7 | C | Tulsa Roughnecks | 30 | 14 | 16 | 61 | 56 | +5 | 55 | 139 | Playoffs (wildcard berth) |
8 | E | Toronto Blizzard | 30 | 14 | 16 | 52 | 65 | −13 | 49 | 133 | |
9 | E | Rochester Lancers | 30 | 15 | 15 | 43 | 57 | −14 | 42 | 132 | |
10 | W | Seattle Sounders | 30 | 13 | 17 | 58 | 52 | +6 | 47 | 125 | |
11 | W | Portland Timbers | 30 | 11 | 19 | 50 | 75 | −25 | 56 | 122 | |
12 | C | Atlanta Chiefs | 30 | 12 | 18 | 59 | 61 | −2 | 49 | 121 |
Rules for classification: 1) Division position; 2) Points; 3) Wins; 4) Goal differential
(N) Conference champion
Overall standings
[edit]
Pos | Div | Team | Pld | W | L | GF | GA | GD | BP | Pts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NE | New York Cosmos (P) | 30 | 24 | 6 | 84 | 52 | +32 | 72 | 216 |
2 | AC | Houston Hurricane | 30 | 22 | 8 | 61 | 46 | +15 | 55 | 187 |
3 | NC | Minnesota Kicks | 30 | 21 | 9 | 67 | 48 | +19 | 58 | 184 |
4 | NW | Vancouver Whitecaps (C) | 30 | 20 | 10 | 54 | 34 | +20 | 52 | 172 |
5 | NE | Washington Diplomats | 30 | 19 | 11 | 68 | 50 | +18 | 58 | 172 |
6 | AE | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 30 | 19 | 11 | 67 | 46 | +21 | 55 | 169 |
7 | AE | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 30 | 17 | 13 | 75 | 64 | +11 | 63 | 165 |
8 | NW | Los Angeles Aztecs | 30 | 18 | 12 | 62 | 47 | +15 | 54 | 162 |
9 | AC | Chicago Sting | 30 | 16 | 14 | 70 | 61 | +9 | 63 | 159 |
10 | NC | Dallas Tornado | 30 | 17 | 13 | 53 | 51 | +2 | 50 | 152 |
11 | AW | San Diego Sockers | 30 | 15 | 15 | 59 | 55 | +4 | 50 | 140 |
12 | AW | California Surf | 30 | 15 | 15 | 53 | 56 | −3 | 50 | 140 |
13 | NC | Tulsa Roughnecks | 30 | 14 | 16 | 61 | 56 | +5 | 55 | 139 |
14 | NE | Toronto Blizzard | 30 | 14 | 16 | 52 | 65 | −13 | 49 | 133 |
15 | NE | Rochester Lancers | 30 | 15 | 15 | 43 | 57 | −14 | 42 | 132 |
16 | AC | Detroit Express | 30 | 14 | 16 | 60 | 56 | +4 | 48 | 132 |
17 | NW | Seattle Sounders | 30 | 13 | 17 | 58 | 52 | +6 | 47 | 125 |
18 | NW | Portland Timbers | 30 | 11 | 19 | 50 | 75 | −25 | 56 | 122 |
19 | NC | Atlanta Chiefs | 30 | 12 | 18 | 59 | 61 | −2 | 49 | 121 |
20 | AE | Philadelphia Fury | 30 | 10 | 20 | 55 | 60 | −5 | 51 | 111 |
21 | AE | New England Tea Men | 30 | 12 | 18 | 41 | 56 | −15 | 38 | 110 |
22 | AW | Edmonton Drillers | 30 | 8 | 22 | 43 | 78 | −35 | 40 | 88 |
23 | AW | San Jose Earthquakes | 30 | 8 | 22 | 41 | 74 | −33 | 38 | 86 |
24 | AC | Memphis Rogues | 30 | 6 | 24 | 38 | 74 | −36 | 37 | 73 |
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Wins; 3) Goal differential
(C) NASL Champions; (P) NASL Premiers
NASL League Leaders
[edit]Scoring
[edit]GP = Games Played, G = Goals (worth 2 points), A = Assists (worth 1 point), Pts = Points
Player | Team | GP | G | A | Pts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oscar Fabbiani | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 26 | 25 | 8 | 58 |
Giorgio Chinaglia | New York Cosmos | 27 | 26 | 5 | 57 |
Gerd Müller | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 25 | 19 | 17 | 55 |
David Robb | Philadelphia Fury | 30 | 16 | 20 | 52 |
Jeff Bourne | Atlanta Chiefs | 29 | 18 | 15 | 51 |
Karl-Heinz Granitza | Chicago Sting | 30 | 20 | 10 | 50 |
Teófilo Cubillas | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 30 | 16 | 18 | 50 |
Alan Willey | Minnesota Kicks | 29 | 21 | 7 | 49 |
Dennis Tueart | New York Cosmos | 27 | 16 | 16 | 48 |
Laurie Abrahams | California/Tulsa | 25 | 18 | 9 | 45 |
Johan Cruyff | Los Angeles Aztecs | 23 | 13 | 16 | 42 |
Goalkeeping
[edit]Note: GP = Games played; Min - Minutes played; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; W = Wins; L = Losses; SO = Shutouts
Player | Team | GP | Min | SV | GA | GAA | W | L | SO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phil Parkes | Vancouver Whitecaps | 29 | 2704 | 100 | 29 | 0.96 | 20 | 9 | 7 |
Victor Nogueira | Atlanta Chiefs | 17 | 1432 | 79 | 20 | 1.26 | 8 | 8 | 5 |
Željko Bilecki | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 17 | 1549 | 93 | 22 | 1.28 | 12 | 5 | 5 |
Mike Ivanow | Seattle Sounders | 28 | 2517 | 149 | 39 | 1.39 | 13 | 15 | 2 |
Bill Irwin | Washington Diplomats | 28 | 2603 | 134 | 42 | 1.45 | 17 | 11 | 4 |
Paul Hammond | Houston Hurricane | 29 | 2705 | 215 | 44 | 1.46 | 21 | 8 | 6 |
Volkmar Gross | San Diego/Minnesota | 24 | 2132 | 137 | 38 | 1.604 | 17 | 7 | 6 |
Kevin Keelan | New England Tea Men | 25 | 2242 | 133 | 40 | 1.605 | 12 | 13 | 2 |
Colin Boulton | Los Angeles/Tulsa | 30 | 2746 | 109 | 49 | 1.606 | 16 | 14 | 7 |
Tino Lettieri | Minnesota Kicks | 16 | 1368 | 95 | 25 | 1.63 | 10 | 5 | 2 |
NASL All-Stars
[edit]First Team | Position | Second Team | Honorable Mention |
---|---|---|---|
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Playoffs
[edit]The top two teams from each division qualified for the playoffs automatically. The two teams with the highest point totals remaining in each conference filled out the field as wild cards and were given the lowest first round seeds. Playoff match-ups and home/away status were reset after each round, based on regular season point totals.
In 1979 and 1980, if a playoff series was tied at one victory each, a full 30 minute mini-game was played. If neither team held an advantage after the 30 minutes, the teams would then move on to an NASL shoot-out to determine a series winner.
Bracket
[edit]Conference Quarterfinals | Conference Semifinals | Conference Championships | Soccer Bowl '79 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
A2 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 3 | 3 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A7 | Detroit Express | 0 | 1 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A2 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 3(2) | 1 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A8 | Philadelphia Fury | 2(0) | 0 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A1 | Houston Hurricane | 1 | 1 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A8 | Philadelphia Fury | 2 | 2 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A2 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 1 | 3(3) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
American Conference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
A3 | San Diego Sockers | 2 | 2(0) | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
A4 | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A5 | Chicago Sting | 2 | 1 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A5 | Chicago Sting | 0 | 0 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A3 | San Diego Sockers | 2 | 1 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A3 | San Diego Sockers | 4 | 7 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A6 | California Surf | 2 | 2 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
A2 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
N3 | Vancouver Whitecaps | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
N1 | New York Cosmos | 3 | 2 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
N8 | Toronto Blizzard | 1 | 0 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
N1 | New York Cosmos | 0 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
N7 | Tulsa Roughnecks | 3 | 0 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
N2 | Minnesota Kicks | 1 | 1 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
N7 | Tulsa Roughnecks | 2 | 2 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
N1 | New York Cosmos | 0 | 3(3) | 0(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
National Conference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
N3 | Vancouver Whitecaps | 2 | 2(1) | 1(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||
N3 | Vancouver Whitecaps | 3 | 2 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
N6 | Dallas Tornado | 2 | 1 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
N3 | Vancouver Whitecaps | 2(1) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
N5 | Los Angeles Aztecs | 3(2) | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
N4 | Washington Diplomats | 1 | 3 | – | |||||||||||||||||||||
N5 | Los Angeles Aztecs | 3 | 4 | – |
First round
[edit]Lower seed | Higher seed | Game 1 | Game 2 | Mini-game | (lower seed hosts Game 1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Philadelphia Fury | - | Houston Hurricane | 2–1 | 2–1 | x | August 14 • Veterans Stadium • 3,337 August 20 • Houston Astrodome • 7,530 |
Detroit Express | - | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 0–3 | 1–3 | x | August 15 • Pontiac Silverdome • 21,539 August 19 • Tampa Stadium • 27,210 |
Chicago Sting | - | Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 2–0 | 1–0 | x | August 15 • Soldier Field • 10,019 August 18 • Lockhart Stadium • 13,691 |
California Surf | - | San Diego Sockers | 2–4 | 2–7 | x | August 16 • Anaheim Stadium • 8,460 August 18 • San Diego Stadium • 10,225 |
Tulsa Roughnecks | - | Minnesota Kicks | 2–1 (OT) | 2–1 (OT) | x | August 15 • Skelly Stadium • 14,105 August 19 • Metropolitan Stadium • 28,996 |
Dallas Tornado | - | Vancouver Whitecaps | 2–3 | 1 –2 | x | August 15 • Ownby Stadium • 8,829 August 18 • Empire Stadium • 30,328 |
Los Angeles Aztecs | - | Washington Diplomats | 3–1 | 4–3 (OT)[38] | x | August 15 • Rose Bowl • 12,042 August 19 • RFK Stadium • 14,802 |
Toronto Blizzard | - | New York Cosmos | 1–3 | 0–2 | x | August 16 • Exhibition Stadium • 30,356 August 19 • Giants Stadium • 46,531 |
Conference semifinals
[edit]Lower seed | Higher seed | Game 1 | Game 2 | Mini-game | (lower seed hosts Game 1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
San Diego Sockers | - | Chicago Sting | 2–0 | 1–0 | x | August 22 • San Diego Stadium • 11,561 August 25 • Wrigley Field • 15,379 |
Los Angeles Aztecs | - | Vancouver Whitecaps | 3–2 (SO, 2–1) | 0–1 | 0–1 | August 22 • Rose Bowl • 21,213[39] August 25 • Empire Stadium • 32,375 |
Philadelphia Fury | - | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 2–3 (SO, 0–2) | 0–1 | x | August 23 • Franklin Field • 10,395 August 25 • Tampa Stadium • 21,112 |
Tulsa Roughnecks | - | New York Cosmos | 3–0 | 0–3 | 1–3 | August 23 • Skelly Stadium • 26,011 August 26 • Giants Stadium • 76,031 |
Conference Championships
[edit]Lower seed | Higher seed | Game 1 | Game 2 | Mini-game | (lower seed hosts Game 1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vancouver Whitecaps | - | New York Cosmos | 2–0 | 2–3 (SO, 1–3) | 1–0 (SO, 3–2) | August 29 • Empire Stadium • 32,875 September 1 • Giants Stadium • 44,109 |
San Diego Sockers | - | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 2–1 | 2–3 (SO, 0–3) | 0–1 | August 30 • San Diego Stadium • 20,267 September 2 • Tampa Stadium • 38,766 |
Soccer Bowl '79
[edit]1979 NASL Champions: Vancouver Whitecaps
Post season awards
[edit]- Most Valuable Player: Johan Cruyff, Los Angeles
- Coach of the year: Timo Liekoski, Houston
- Rookie of the year: Larry Hulcer, Los Angeles
- North American Player of the Year: Rick Davis, New York
- Playoff MVP: Alan Ball, Vancouver
Average home attendance
[edit]Team | Average[41] |
---|---|
New York Cosmos | 46,690 |
Tampa Bay Rowdies | 28,546 |
Minnesota Kicks | 24,580 |
Vancouver Whitecaps | 22,962 |
Seattle Sounders | 18,998 |
Tulsa Roughnecks | 16,426 |
San Jose Earthquakes | 15,092 |
Los Angeles Aztecs | 14,334 |
Detroit Express | 14,058 |
Fort Lauderdale Strikers | 13,708 |
Washington Diplomats | 11,973 |
Toronto Blizzard | 11,821 |
San Diego Sockers | 11,271 |
Portland Timbers | 11,172 |
California Surf | 10,330 |
Edmonton Drillers | 9,924 |
Dallas Tornado | 9,306 |
Rochester Lancers | 8,680 |
Chicago Sting | 8,062 |
Atlanta Chiefs | 7,350 |
Memphis Rogues | 7,137 |
New England Tea Men | 6,562 |
Houston Hurricane | 6,212 |
Philadelphia Fury | 5,624 |
References
[edit]- ^ "Whitecaps still making waves". The Leader-Post. August 2, 1979. p. 35. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ NASL: A Complete Record Of The North American Soccer League. 1989. p. 213.
- ^ "NASL sets playoff matchups". Edmonton Journal. August 13, 1979. p. D3. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Francis' Goal Spurs Express". Toledo Blade. July 8, 1979. p. D4. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Prati pays off for Lancers immediately". The Leader-Post. June 28, 1979. p. 26. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ NASL: A Complete Record Of The North American Soccer League. 1989. p. 225.
- ^ NASL: A Complete Record Of The North American Soccer League. 1989. p. 218.
- ^ "Fiery Cosmos demolish Roughnecks". St. Petersburg Times. August 27, 1979. p. 6C. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Houston overcomes flooding, Tea Men". St. Petersburg Times. April 20, 1979. p. 4C. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Attendance Project: NASL". Kenn Tomasch. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
- ^ "NASL. Review of the Golden Era". www.nasl.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
- ^ "NASL Playoffs Open Tonight". The Hour. August 14, 1979. p. 49. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "NASL Strike Expected". The Evening Independent. April 13, 1979. p. B3. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ Dorman, Larry (April 14, 1979). "NASL Strike Support Minimal". Palm Beach Post. p. B3. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ Soccer in a Football World. 2008. p. 197.
- ^ "Sale Of NASL Caribous Approved". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. October 4, 1978. p. 4-D. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "NASL owners okay move to Edmonton". Lewiston Morning Tribune. February 23, 1979. p. 7B. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Edmonton drills itself into NASL record book". The Leader-Post. July 19, 1979. p. 16. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ KICK Magazine: Soccer Bowl '79. 1979. p. 14.
- ^ "Rowdies to face Fury in playoffs". St. Petersburg Times. August 21, 1979. p. 5C. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Curtis, Jim (August 26, 1979). "Rowdies shut off Fury 1-0". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. p. 1C. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Tierney, Mike (September 3, 1979). "On to Soccer Bowl: Rowdies win!". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1C. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Soccer in a Football World. 2008. p. 194.
- ^ "Los Angeles Goes Dutch". The Evening Independent. May 24, 1979. p. 5-C. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ "Fiery Cosmos demolish Roughnecks". St. Petersburg Times. August 27, 1979. p. 6C. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ Tierney, Mike (August 13, 1979). "Fabbiani wins title; Rowdies lose again". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1C. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Gillespie, Bob (May 12, 1979). "What It Was... Was Soccer". The News and Courier. p. 12-D. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "TV deal set for U.S. pro soccer loop". Montreal Gazette. November 15, 1978. p. 12-D. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
- ^ "Whitecaps Capsize Cosmos Again". The Hour. August 30, 1979. p. 30. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Cosmos Ousted From NASL Playoffs". Reading Eagle. September 2, 1979. p. 83. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Vancouver Champion: Whymark Soccer Bowl Hero". Toledo Blade. September 9, 1979. p. E7. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Beard, Randy (September 10, 1979). "Rowdies Go Grumbling". The Evening Independent. p. 1-C. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "At 3,000 miles from home, Whitecaps win Soccer Bowl". Morning Record and Journal. September 9, 1979. p. 13. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ Chick, Bob (September 10, 1979). "A Painful Past Grates On A Great Scot". The Evening Independent. p. 3-C. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Frenzied welcome for 'Caps". Edmonton Journal. September 10, 1979. p. C1. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "Whitecaps Wyn Big With Owen". Certified General Accountants Association of British Columbia. Retrieved June 30, 2013.
- ^ "NASL sets playoff matchups". Edmonton Journal. August 13, 1979. p. D3. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
- ^ "NASL: Johann Cruyff LA Aztecs Playoff Goal 1979". YouTube. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ "NASL: Vancouver at Los Angeles 8/22/1979". YouTube. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
- ^ Soccer Bowl '79 Media Guide. 1979. p. 8.
- ^ "kenn.com". www.kenn.com.
Soccer Bowl '79 Media Guide. New York, NY: North American Soccer League. 1979.
KICK Magazine: Soccer Bowl '79. New York, NY: North American Soccer League. 1979.
1980 Official North American Soccer League Guide. New York, NY: North American Soccer League. 1980.
Jose, Colin (1989). NASL: A Complete Record of the North American Soccer League. Derby, England: Breedon Books.
Jose, Colin (2003). North American Soccer League Encyclopedia. Haworth, NJ: St. Johann Press.
Wangerin, David (2008). Soccer In A Football World. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. ISBN 9781592138852.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction