ँ | |
---|---|
Chandrabindu |
Chandrabindu (IAST: candrabindu, lit. 'moon dot' in Sanskrit) is a diacritic sign with the form of a dot inside the lower half of a circle. It is used in the Devanagari (ँ), Bengali-Assamese (ঁ), Gujarati (ઁ), Odia (ଁ), Telugu (ఁ), Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts.
It usually means that the previous vowel is nasalized.
In Hindi, it is replaced in writing by anusvara when it is written above a consonant that carries a vowel symbol that extends above the top line.
In Classical Sanskrit, it seems to occur only over a lla conjunct consonant, to show that it is pronounced as a nasalized double l, which occurs if -nl- have become assimilated in sandhi.
In Vedic Sanskrit, it is used instead of anusvara to represent the sound anunasika when the next word starts with a vowel. It usually occurs where in earlier times a word ended in -ans.
Unicode
[edit]Unicode encodes chandrabindu and chandrabindu-like characters for a variety of scripts:[1]
Preview | ँ | ꣲ | ꣳ | ऀ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU | DEVANAGARI SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU | DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU VIRAMA | DEVANAGARI SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 2305 | U+0901 | 43250 | U+A8F2 | 43251 | U+A8F3 | 2304 | U+0900 |
UTF-8 | 224 164 129 | E0 A4 81 | 234 163 178 | EA A3 B2 | 234 163 179 | EA A3 B3 | 224 164 128 | E0 A4 80 |
Numeric character reference | ँ |
ँ |
ꣲ |
ꣲ |
ꣳ |
ꣳ |
ऀ |
ऀ |
ISCII | 161 | A1 |
Preview | ਁ | ੰ | ಀ | ಁ | ఁ | ఀ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | GURMUKHI SIGN ADAK BINDI | GURMUKHI TIPPI | KANNADA SIGN SPACING CANDRABINDU | KANNADA SIGN CANDRABINDU | TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU | TELUGU SIGN COMBINING CANDRABINDU ABOVE | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 2561 | U+0A01 | 2672 | U+0A70 | 3200 | U+0C80 | 3201 | U+0C81 | 3073 | U+0C01 | 3072 | U+0C00 |
UTF-8 | 224 168 129 | E0 A8 81 | 224 169 176 | E0 A9 B0 | 224 178 128 | E0 B2 80 | 224 178 129 | E0 B2 81 | 224 176 129 | E0 B0 81 | 224 176 128 | E0 B0 80 |
Numeric character reference | ਁ |
ਁ |
ੰ |
ੰ |
ಀ |
ಀ |
ಁ |
ಁ |
ఁ |
ఁ |
ఀ |
ఀ |
ISCII | 161 | A1 | 161 | A1 | 161 | A1 |
Preview | ঁ | ଁ | ഁ | ઁ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU | ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU | MALAYALAM SIGN CANDRABINDU | GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 2433 | U+0981 | 2817 | U+0B01 | 3329 | U+0D01 | 2689 | U+0A81 |
UTF-8 | 224 166 129 | E0 A6 81 | 224 172 129 | E0 AC 81 | 224 180 129 | E0 B4 81 | 224 170 129 | E0 AA 81 |
Numeric character reference | ঁ |
ঁ |
ଁ |
ଁ |
ഁ |
ഁ |
ઁ |
ઁ |
ISCII | 161 | A1 | 161 | A1 | 161 | A1 | 161 | A1 |
Preview | Ashoka𑀀 Kushana𑀀 Gupta𑀀 |
𑖼 | 𑌁 | 𑼀 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | BRAHMI SIGN CANDRABINDU | SIDDHAM SIGN CANDRABINDU | GRANTHA SIGN CANDRABINDU | KAWI SIGN CANDRABINDU | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 69632 | U+11000 | 71100 | U+115BC | 70401 | U+11301 | 73472 | U+11F00 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 128 128 | F0 91 80 80 | 240 145 150 188 | F0 91 96 BC | 240 145 140 129 | F0 91 8C 81 | 240 145 188 128 | F0 91 BC 80 |
UTF-16 | 55300 56320 | D804 DC00 | 55301 56764 | D805 DDBC | 55300 57089 | D804 DF01 | 55303 57088 | D807 DF00 |
Numeric character reference | 𑀀 |
𑀀 |
𑖼 |
𑖼 |
𑌁 |
𑌁 |
𑼀 |
𑼀 |
Preview | ྂ | ྃ | ꡳ | 𑑃 | 𑰼 | 𑇏 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA | TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN | PHAGS-PA LETTER CANDRABINDU | NEWA SIGN CANDRABINDU | BHAIKSUKI SIGN CANDRABINDU | SHARADA SIGN INVERTED CANDRABINDU | ||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 3970 | U+0F82 | 3971 | U+0F83 | 43123 | U+A873 | 70723 | U+11443 | 72764 | U+11C3C | 70095 | U+111CF |
UTF-8 | 224 190 130 | E0 BE 82 | 224 190 131 | E0 BE 83 | 234 161 179 | EA A1 B3 | 240 145 145 131 | F0 91 91 83 | 240 145 176 188 | F0 91 B0 BC | 240 145 135 143 | F0 91 87 8F |
UTF-16 | 3970 | 0F82 | 3971 | 0F83 | 43123 | A873 | 55301 56387 | D805 DC43 | 55303 56380 | D807 DC3C | 55300 56783 | D804 DDCF |
Numeric character reference | ྂ |
ྂ |
ྃ |
ྃ |
ꡳ |
ꡳ |
𑑃 |
𑑃 |
𑰼 |
𑰼 |
𑇏 |
𑇏 |
Preview | ||
---|---|---|
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | ||
UTF-8 | ||
Numeric character reference |
Preview | ||
---|---|---|
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | ||
UTF-8 | ||
Numeric character reference |
Preview | ඁ | 𑤼 | ꣅ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | SINHALA SIGN CANDRABINDU | DIVES AKURU SIGN CANDRABINDU | SAURASHTRA SIGN CANDRABINDU | |||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 3457 | U+0D81 | 71996 | U+1193C | 43205 | U+A8C5 |
UTF-8 | 224 182 129 | E0 B6 81 | 240 145 164 188 | F0 91 A4 BC | 234 163 133 | EA A3 85 |
UTF-16 | 3457 | 0D81 | 55302 56636 | D806 DD3C | 43205 | A8C5 |
Numeric character reference | ඁ |
ඁ |
𑤼 |
𑤼 |
ꣅ |
ꣅ |
Preview | 𑂀 | |
---|---|---|
Unicode name | KAITHI SIGN CANDRABINDU | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 69760 | U+11080 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 130 128 | F0 91 82 80 |
UTF-16 | 55300 56448 | D804 DC80 |
Numeric character reference | 𑂀 |
𑂀 |
Preview | 𑒿 | 𑲶 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | TIRHUTA SIGN CANDRABINDU | MARCHEN SIGN CANDRABINDU | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 70847 | U+114BF | 72886 | U+11CB6 |
UTF-8 | 240 145 146 191 | F0 91 92 BF | 240 145 178 182 | F0 91 B2 B6 |
UTF-16 | 55301 56511 | D805 DCBF | 55303 56502 | D807 DCB6 |
Numeric character reference | 𑒿 |
𑒿 |
𑲶 |
𑲶 |
Preview | ꦀ | |
---|---|---|
Unicode name | JAVANESE SIGN PANYANGGA | |
Encodings | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 43392 | U+A980 |
UTF-8 | 234 166 128 | EA A6 80 |
Numeric character reference | ꦀ |
ꦀ |
Preview | ᬁ | ᬀ | ᰴ | ᰵ | 𑨵 | 𑨶 | 𑨷 | ̐ | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | BALINESE SIGN ULU CANDRA | BALINESE SIGN ULU RICEM | LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN NYIN-DO | LEPCHA CONSONANT SIGN KANG | ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU | ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT | ZANABAZAR SQUARE SIGN CANDRA WITH ORNAMENT | COMBINING CANDRABINDU | ||||||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 6913 | U+1B01 | 6912 | U+1B00 | 7220 | U+1C34 | 7221 | U+1C35 | 72245 | U+11A35 | 72246 | U+11A36 | 72247 | U+11A37 | 784 | U+0310 |
UTF-8 | 225 172 129 | E1 AC 81 | 225 172 128 | E1 AC 80 | 225 176 180 | E1 B0 B4 | 225 176 181 | E1 B0 B5 | 240 145 168 181 | F0 91 A8 B5 | 240 145 168 182 | F0 91 A8 B6 | 240 145 168 183 | F0 91 A8 B7 | 204 144 | CC 90 |
UTF-16 | 6913 | 1B01 | 6912 | 1B00 | 7220 | 1C34 | 7221 | 1C35 | 55302 56885 | D806 DE35 | 55302 56886 | D806 DE36 | 55302 56887 | D806 DE37 | 784 | 0310 |
Numeric character reference | ᬁ |
ᬁ |
ᬀ |
ᬀ |
ᰴ |
ᰴ |
ᰵ |
ᰵ |
𑨵 |
𑨵 |
𑨶 |
𑨶 |
𑨷 |
𑨷 |
̐ |
̐ |
The COMBINING CANDRABINDU (U+0310), is a general-purpose combining diacritical mark intended for use with Latin letters in transliteration of Indic languages.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Unicode Data 13.0.0". Retrieved 2020-03-15.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction