There have been a number of Arabic-based pidgins throughout history, including a number of new ones emerging today.
The major attested historical Arabic pidgins are:
- Maridi Arabic, a pidgin of ca. 1000 CE of the Upper Nile
- Bimbashi Arabic, a colonial-era pidgin of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Turku Arabic, a pidgin of colonial Chad.
- Romanian Pidgin Arabic, spoken by Romanian oil-field workers in Iraq from the 1970s to the 1990s.[1][2]
In the modern era, pidgin Arabic is most notably used by the large number of migrants to Arab countries. Examples include:
- Gulf Pidgin Arabic, used by mostly immigrant laborers in the Arabian Peninsula (and not necessarily a single language variety)[3][4]
- Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic, used by Bengali immigrants in Jordan[5]
- Pidgin Madam, used by Sinhalese domestic workers in Lebanon[6][7]
- Bongor Arabic, which could be a descendant of Turku Arabic, spoken in and around the town of Bongor, Chad.[8]
- There may be other Turku-like Arabic pidgins in Chad today, but they have not been described.[8]
Due to the nature of pidgins, this list is likely incomplete. New pidgins are likely to continue to develop and emerge due to language contact in the Arab world.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Romanian Pidgin Arabic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Avram, Andrei (2010-01-01). "An Outline of Romanian Pidgin Arabic". Journal of Language Contact. 3 (1): 20–38. doi:10.1163/000000010792317884. ISSN 1877-4091.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pidgin Gulf Arabic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Bakir, Murtadha (2010). "Notes on the verbal system of Gulf Pidgin Arabic": 201–228. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Jordanian Bengali Pidgin Arabic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Pidgin Madam". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Fida Bizri, 2005. Le Pidgin Madam: Un nouveau pidgin arabe, La Linguistique 41, p. 54–66
- ^ a b Tosco & Manfredi (2013).
Sources
[edit]- Tosco, Mauro; Manfredi, Stefani (2013). "Pidgins and Creoles". In Owens, Jonathan (ed.). The Oxford handbook of Arabic linguistics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199764136.
- Manfredi, Stefano and Mauro Tosco (eds.) 2014. Arabic-based Pidgins and Creoles. Special Issue of the Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 29:2
Arabic language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overviews | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Letters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Varieties |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Academic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Linguistics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calligraphy · Script | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction