Cannabaceae

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Non-racialism, aracialism or antiracialism is a South African ideology rejecting racism and "racialism" while affirming liberal democratic ideals.[1]

History

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Non-racialism became the official state policy of South Africa after April 1994,[1] and it is enshrined in Chapter One of the Constitution of South Africa. The term has been criticized as vague, and carrying different meanings even among people sharing the same ideological tradition.[2]

The earliest use of the term was by Karl Polanyi in the 1930s.[3] Neville Alexander follows Robert Sobukwe in defining non-racialism as the acknowledgement of the nonexistence of race as a scientific fact.[4] Robert Mugabe professed a belief in non-racialism in the early 1960s, but later rejected the concept and harshly criticized Nelson Mandela for his embrace of the ideology.[5]

Non-racialism is a stated core policy of the African National Congress; however, the adoption of multiracialist policy in the Freedom Charter instead of Afrocentric non-racialism is what resulted in the breakaway Pan Africanist Congress of Azania in 1959.[6]

References

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  1. ^ a b MacDonald, Michael (2006). Why Race Matters in South Africa. Harvard University Press. p. 106. ISBN 9780674021860.
  2. ^ Ratcliffe, Peter (2005). Race, Ethnicity And Nation: International Perspectives On Social Conflict. Routledge. p. 78. ISBN 9781135361853. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  3. ^ "non-racialism". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  4. ^ Ratcliffe, Peter (2005). Race, Ethnicity And Nation: International Perspectives On Social Conflict. Routledge. pp. 80–81. ISBN 9781135361853. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  5. ^ "'Fascinating' video of Mugabe talking 'non-racialism' like Mandela goes viral on social media". News24. 16 September 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  6. ^ "1949-1961: Period of direct action, non violent resistance and protest". African National Congress. Retrieved 6 February 2018.


source: Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-racialism

One thought on “Cannabaceae”

  1. Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
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