High Commissioner of Australia to New Zealand | |
---|---|
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since 31 March 2022 | |
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade | |
Style | Her Excellency |
Reports to | Minister for Foreign Affairs |
Residence | Vogel House, Lower Hutt (1966–1976) 15 Butavas Street, Khandallah (since 1976) |
Seat | DIC Building, Lambton Quay (1934–1947) Government Life Insurance Building (1947–1964) ICI House, Molesworth Street (1964–1972) 72 Hobson Street, Thorndon (since 1972) |
Nominator | Prime Minister of Australia |
Appointer | Governor General of Australia |
Inaugural holder | Thomas d'Alton |
Formation | 15 December 1943 |
Website | Australian High Commission, New Zealand |
The high commissioner of Australia to New Zealand is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the High Commission of the Commonwealth of Australia to New Zealand in Wellington. The high commissioner has the rank and status of an ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary and is currently Harinder Sidhu since 31 March 2022, who also has responsibility for Tokelau in the Realm of New Zealand, as well as the Pitcairn Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Accreditation was previously held for the Cook Islands and Niue, states in free association as part of the Realm of New Zealand, which now have resident Australian high commissions since March 2020 and August 2020, respectively.
The posting is one of Australia's oldest, with the first high commissioner appointed in 1943, although it dates much earlier to 1934 when an Australian Government Trade Commissioner was appointed to Wellington.[1] There is also a Consulate-General and Trade Commission in Auckland maintained by Austrade since 1955.
Posting history
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/DIC_Building%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington.jpg/250px-DIC_Building%2C_Lambton_Quay%2C_Wellington.jpg)
The first official Australian representation in New Zealand dates back to March 1934, when the Commonwealth government of Joseph Lyons as part of its policy of expanding trade connections in the Asia-Pacific region, appointed prominent businessman Robert Henry Nesbitt, as the first Trade Commissioner of Australia in New Zealand.[2][3][4] Nesbitt's appointment followed from the signing of a trade agreement between the two countries on 7 April 1933, which was ratified by the parliament on 10 November 1933.[5][6][7][8][9] To be stationed in the city of Wellington, the government also appointed a senior public servant from the Department of the Interior as assistant trade commissioner, James Payne.[10][11] Nesbitt commenced his position on 29 August 1934, arriving in Wellington aboard the Huddart Parker liner, MS Wanganella, and setting up offices in the DIC Building in Lambton Quay.[12][13][14] Nesbitt served until 15 April 1937, when he was appointed as Chairman of the Milk Board of New South Wales.[15][16][17]
With Nesbitt's departure, in July 1937 the Australian Government appointed the Trade Commissioner in Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Charles Edward Critchley, as the next Trade Commissioner in Wellington.[18] Critchley took over from acting commissioner Payne on 6 December 1937 when he arrived in Wellington aboard the Union Company liner, TSS Awatea.[19][20] Critchley's assistant trade commissioner was also named in November 1937, with the brother of (then attorney-general) Robert Menzies, James Leslie Menzies, appointed.[21][22][23] In March 1941, Critchley was appointed Assistant Controller General of Food and was recalled to Australia in April 1941, with Menzies serving as acting trade commissioner and Australia's de facto official representative in New Zealand.[24][25][26]
By 1942, the governments in Canberra and Wellington had decided upon upgrading their respective representatives to the level of high commissioner.[27][28] In March 1943, Carl Berendsen was appointed as the first high commissioner of New Zealand in Australia, and in November 1943 the Minister for External Affairs, Herbert Evatt, appointed the Deputy Premier of Tasmania, Thomas d'Alton, as Australia's first high commissioner to New Zealand.[29][30][31][32][33][34]
In 1955, a separate Australian Trade Commission posting was established in the city of Auckland, with Benjamin Dawson serving as the first Trade Commissioner.[2][35] The trade commission in Auckland was upgraded to a consulate-general from 1 August 1975.[36][37] A trade commissioner was also appointed to the city of Christchurch from 1957 to 1979.[38]
Cook Islands and Niue
[edit]In 1994, Australia formally established diplomatic relations with the Cook Islands, a self-governing state since 1974 in free association with New Zealand, with the high commissioner in Wellington also serving as high commissioner to the Cook Islands. In November 2018, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced an expansion of Australia's diplomatic representation to all members of the Pacific Islands Forum, including opening a new high commission in the Cook Islands and Niue.[39] On 18 December 2019, Foreign Minister Marise Payne. announced the establishment of a resident Australian High Commission in the Cook Islands to "help underscore Australia’s focus on deepening engagement across the region."[40] The first resident high commissioner, Christopher Watkins, took office in Rarotonga on 17 March 2020.[41]
On 27 February 2014 Australia formally established diplomatic relations with Niue, a self-governing state since 1974 in free association with New Zealand, with the high commissioner in Wellington also serving as high commissioner to Niue.[42] The first resident high commissioner, Susan Allen, took office in Alofi on 26 August 2020.[43][44]
Heads of mission
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/WellingtonEmbassy-Australia.jpg/280px-WellingtonEmbassy-Australia.jpg)
# | Officeholder | Title | Other offices | Term start date | Term end date | Time in office | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Robert Henry Nesbitt | Trade Commissioner | 29 August 1934 | 15 April 1937 | 2 years, 229 days | [3][12] | |
− | James Payne (Acting) | 15 April 1937 | 6 December 1937 | 235 days | [11] | ||
2 | Charles Edward Critchley | 6 December 1937 | April 1941 | 3 years, 3 months | [18][19] | ||
− | James Leslie Menzies (Acting) | April 1941 | 15 December 1943 | 2 years, 8 months | [45][46] | ||
3 | Thomas d'Alton | High Commissioner | 15 December 1943 | April 1946 | 2 years, 3 months | [47][48][49][50] | |
4 | Roden Cutler | April 1946 | 6 May 1953 | 7 years, 1 month | [51] | ||
5 | Peter Heydon | 6 May 1953 | 30 April 1955 | 1 year, 359 days | [52][53] | ||
− | Owen Davis (Acting) | 30 April 1955 | 6 April 1956 | 342 days | [54] | ||
6 | Sir John Collins | 6 April 1956 | 6 November 1962 | 6 years, 214 days | [54] | ||
7 | Donald Alastair Cameron | 6 November 1962 | 5 November 1965 | 2 years, 364 days | [55][56] | ||
− | D. J. Horne | 5 November 1965 | December 1965 | 0 months | [57] | ||
8 | David McNicol | December 1965 | 28 February 1968 | 2 years, 2 months | [58][59] | ||
9 | Sir Edwin Hicks | 28 February 1968 | 18 May 1971 | 3 years, 79 days | [60][61][62] | ||
10 | Dame Annabelle Rankin | 6 June 1971 | 30 September 1974 | 3 years, 116 days | [63][64] | ||
11 | Brian Hill | 1 October 1974 | December 1975 | 1 year, 2 months | [65] | ||
12 | Colin Moodie | December 1975 | October 1977 | 1 year, 10 months | [66][67] | ||
13 | Lew Border | October 1977 | 2 February 1980 | 2 years, 4 months | [67][68] | ||
14 | James Webster | 2 February 1980 | 30 April 1984 | 4 years, 88 days | [69] | ||
15 | Les Johnson | 1 May 1984 | July 1987 | 3 years, 2 months | [70] | ||
16 | Bill McKinnon | July 1987 | 10 December 1988 | 1 year, 5 months | [71][72][73] | ||
17 | Robert Laurie | February 1989 | December 1992 | 3 years, 10 months | [74] | ||
18 | Ray Greet | A | January 1993 | January 1996 | 3 years | [75] | |
19 | Geoff Miller | A | January 1996 | February 2000 | 4 years, 1 month | [76][77] | |
20 | Bob Cotton | A | February 2000 | July 2003 | 3 years, 5 months | [77][78] | |
21 | Allan Hawke | A | July 2003 | 27 February 2006 | 2 years, 7 months | [78] | |
22 | John Dauth | A | 27 February 2006 | September 2008 | 2 years, 6 months | [79] | |
− | Frank Ingruber | A | September 2008 | May 2009 | 8 months | [80] | |
23 | Paul O'Sullivan | A | May 2009 | July 2012 | 3 years, 2 months | [81] | |
24 | Michael Potts | AB | July 2012 | January 2016 | 3 years, 6 months | [82][83] | |
25 | Peter Woolcott | AB | 28 January 2016 | 1 August 2017 | 1 year, 185 days | [84] | |
− | Andrew Cumpston | AB | 1 August 2017 | 14 February 2018 | 197 days | [85] | |
26 | Ewen McDonald | AB | 14 February 2018 | 2 March 2019 | 1 year, 16 days | [86] | |
27 | Patricia Forsythe | AB | 2 March 2019 | 31 March 2022 | 3 years, 29 days | [87][88][89] | |
28 | Harinder Sidhu | 31 March 2022 | incumbent | 4 years, 150 days | [90] |
Notes
[edit]- ^A Also non-resident High Commissioner to the Cook Islands, 1994–2020.
- ^B Also non-resident High Commissioner to Niue, 2014–2020.
Consuls-General in Auckland
[edit]Name | Start of term | End of term | References |
Michael Crawford | January 2008 | December 2013 | |
John Brand | January 2014 | July 2018 | [91] |
Craig Knowles | July 2018 | October 2022 | [92][93] |
Brad Williams | October 2022 | present | [94][95] |
See also
[edit]References
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- ^ a b Schevdin, Boris (2008). Emissaries of trade: a history of the Australian trade commissioner service (PDF). WHH Publishing. pp. 49–50. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
- ^ a b "EMPIRE TRADE. Mr. Nesbitt's Hopes. COMMISSIONER TO NEW ZEALAND". The Sydney Morning Herald. New South Wales, Australia. 5 March 1934. p. 8. Retrieved 27 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "NEW ZEALAND - TRADE COMMISSIONER - Mr. R. H. Nesbitt Appointed - TERM OF FIVE YEARS". The Canberra Times. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 2 March 1934. p. 1. Retrieved 27 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "NEW ZEALAND TRADE". The Argus (Melbourne). Victoria, Australia. 8 April 1933. p. 22. Retrieved 27 November 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
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Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction