Total population | |
---|---|
85,000 – 120,000 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Lisbon · Porto · Algarve · São Teotónio · Pegões (Montijo) · Santarém, Benavente | |
Languages | |
Portuguese · Konkani · Tamil · Malayalam · Gujarati · Telugu · Kutchi · Marathi · Kannada · English · language · Hindi | |
Religion | |
Christianity (Roman Catholicism) · Hinduism · Sikhism · Islam · Jainism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Konkani people, Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin, Desi, Nepali, Indian immigration to Brazil, Indians in Spain |
Indians in Portugal, including recent immigrants and people who trace their ancestry back to India, together number around 80,000 (2018 data)[1] −120,000 (2021 data).[2] Between 2018 and 2022 around 32,000 Indians entered the country, settling mostly in Lisbon and Porto.[3][4][5][6][7] They thus constitute 0.76% – 1.15% of the total population of Portugal.
Indians are also found in the Algarve, Coimbra, Guarda, Leiria, Odemira,[8] and Rio Maior.[9]
The majority of Indians in Portugal consist of Goans, Gujaratis, Tamilians, Malayali people from Daman and Diu and Tamil Nadu.
The 2010s, particularly the second half of the decade, saw the start of a new immigration wave of Indians to Portugal, as well as of citizens of other South Asian nationals – namely Nepalis, Bengalis and Pakistanis – propelled mainly by the need of unskilled agricultural workers.
History
[edit]In sixteenth century southern Portugal, there were Chinese slaves but the number of them was described as "negligible", being outnumbered by East Indian, Mourisco, and African slaves.[10] Amerindians, Chinese, Malays, and Indians were slaves in Portugal but in far fewer number than Turks, Berbers and Arabs.[11] China and Malacca were origins of slaves delivered to Portugal by Portuguese viceroys.[12]
A Portuguese woman, Dona Ana de Ataíde owned an Indian man named António as a slave in Évora.[13] He served as a cook for her.[14] Ana de Ataíde's Indian slave escaped from her in 1587.[15] A large number of slaves were forcibly brought there since the commercial, artisanal, and service sectors all flourished in a regional capital like Évora.[16] Rigorous and demanding tasks were assigned to Mourisco, Chinese, and Indian slaves.[17] Chinese, Mouriscos, and Indians were among the ethnicities of prized slaves and were much more expensive compared to blacks, so high class individuals owned these ethnicities.[18]
A fugitive Indian slave from Evora named António went to Badajoz after leaving his master in 1545.[19] António was among the three most common male names given to male slaves in Evora.[20]
Antão Azedo took an Indian slave named Heitor to Evora, who along with another slave was from Bengal were among the 34 Indian slaves in total who were owned by Tristão Homem, a nobleman in 1544 in Evora. Manuel Gomes previously owned a slave who escaped in 1558 at age 18 and he was said to be from the "land of Prester John of the Indias" named Diogo.[21]
In Evora, men were owned and used as slaves by female establishments like convents for nuns. A capelão do rei, father João Pinto left an Indian man in Porto where he was picked up in 1546 by the Evora-based Santa Marta convent's nuns to serve as their slave. However, female slaves did not serve in male establishments, unlike vice versa.[22]
Japanese Christian Daimyos mainly responsible for selling to the Portuguese their fellow Japanese. Japanese women and Japanese men, Javanese, Chinese, and Indians were all sold as slaves in Portugal.[23]
Traits such as high intelligence were ascribed to Indians, Chinese, and Japanese slaves.[24][25][26]
Notable people with Indian ancestry
[edit]- Kalidás Barreto - Former Portuguese politician
- Mariano Barreto - Portuguese football manager
- Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho – Former Portuguese military officer
- Matheus de Castro – First Indian bishop of the Catholic church
- Narana Coissoró- Portuguese Speaker of the House
- Alfredo Bruto da Costa – Former Portuguese politician
- Alfredo Nobre da Costa- Former Prime Minister of Portugal
- Antonio Costa – former Prime Minister of Portugal
- Orlando da Costa – Portuguese writer
- José Pereira Coutinho – Macanese politician
- Ileana D'Cruz – Indian-born Portuguese actress who predominantly appears in Hindi, Telugu, and Tamil language films
- Mortó Dessai – Luso-Indian medical analyst
- Rogério de Faria – Luso-Indian businessman
- Catarina Furtado – Portuguese television presenter[27]
- João Leão – Former Finance Minister of Portugal
- André Pereira dos Reis – Portuguese captain, pilot and cartographer
- Gabriel Mithá Ribeiro – Portuguese politician
- Rosendo Ribeiro – Portuguese physician and diplomat
- António de Bettencourt Rodrigues – doctor, Portuguese diplomat and politician
- Manuel António de Sousa – Portuguese merchant
- Sabrina De Sousa – Portuguese-American ex-CIA operative
- Teotónio de Souza – Portuguese historian and the founder-director of the Xavier Centre of Historical Research (XCHR), at Alto Porvorim
- Jorge Barreto Xavier – Portuguese cultural manager, university professor and politician
See also
[edit]- Hinduism in Portugal
- Immigration to Portugal
- Indian diaspora
- India–Portugal relations
- Romani people in Portugal
References
[edit]- ^ Population of Overseas Indians (PDF).
- ^ "Uma comunidade indiana em Portugal diversa e dialogante na fé". SIC Notícias (in Portuguese). 5 May 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ^ "Sefstat 2018" (PDF).
- ^ "Sefstat 2019" (PDF).
- ^ "Sefstat 2020" (PDF).
- ^ "Sefstat 2021" (PDF).
- ^ "Sefstat 2022" (PDF).
- ^ https://www.publico.pt/2021/04/30/local/noticia/infectados-trancas-porta-insalubres-alojamentos-imigrantes-1960691 (in Portuguese)
- ^ https://www.cm-riomaior.pt/municipio/documentacao/atas-e-deliberacoes/atas/camara/2019-3/1564-ata-n-08-de-29-04-2019/file (in Portuguese)
- ^ Peter C. Mancall, ed. (2007). The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 (illustrated ed.). UNC Press Books. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-8078-3159-5. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Alberto da Costa e Silva (2014). "25 Escravo ugual a negro". A manilha e o libambo: A África e a escravidão, de 1500 a 1700 (2 ed.). Nova Fronteira. ISBN 978-8520939499. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Hugh Thomas (1997). The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440 – 1870 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 119. ISBN 0684835657. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Maria Antónia Pires de Almeida (2002). Andrade Martins Conceição; Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro (eds.). A Agricultura: Dicionário das Ocupações, Nuno Luís Madureira (coord.), História do Trabalho e das Ocupações (PDF) (in Portuguese). Vol. III. Oeiras: Celta Editora. p. 162. ISBN 972-774-133-9. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 31. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 31. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 972-96965-3-5. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 972-96965-3-5. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 103. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 24. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 21. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jorge Fonseca (1997). Os escravos em Évora no século XVI (in Portuguese). Vol. 2 of Colecção "Novos estudos eborenses" Volume 2 of Novos Estudos e Eborenses. Câmara Municipal de Évora. p. 45. ISBN 9729696535. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ José Yamashiro (1989). Chòque luso no Japão dos séculos XVI e XVII. IBRASA. p. 103. ISBN 85-348-1068-0. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
- ^ A. C. de C. M. Saunders (1982). A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555. Vol. 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society Hakluyt Society (illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 168. ISBN 0-521-23150-7. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Jeanette Pinto (1992). Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842. Himalaya Pub. House. p. 18. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ Charles Ralph Boxer (1968). Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770 (2, illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford U.P. p. 225. ISBN 9780196380742. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
- ^ "Catarina Furtado tem ascendência indiana! Apresentadora descobre casa do trisavô". Maria.pt (in European Portuguese). 24 April 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
Well, that’s interesting to know that Psilotum nudum are known as whisk ferns. Psilotum nudum is the commoner species of the two. While the P. flaccidum is a rare species and is found in the tropical islands. Both the species are usually epiphytic in habit and grow upon tree ferns. These species may also be terrestrial and grow in humus or in the crevices of the rocks.
View the detailed Guide of Psilotum nudum: Detailed Study Of Psilotum Nudum (Whisk Fern), Classification, Anatomy, Reproduction