| Gnathabelodon Temporal range:
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Proboscidea |
| Family: | †Gomphotheriidae |
| Subfamily: | †Gnathabelodontinae |
| Genus: | †Gnathabelodon Barbour and Sternberg, 1935[1] |
| Species: | †G. thorpei
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| Binomial name | |
| †Gnathabelodon thorpei Barbour and Sternberg, 1935
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Gnathabelodon is an extinct genus of gomphothere (a sister group to modern elephants) endemic to North America that includes species that lived during the Middle to Late Miocene.
"Gnathabelodon" buckneri Sellards, 1940 has been renamed Blancotherium.[2]
Description
[edit]It has been called the "spoon-billed mastodon" since its lower jaw was elongated and shaped like a shoe-horn or spoon. The flaring of the tip of the lower jaw was similar to that of the "shovel-tuskers" (Platybelodon and Amebelodon); however, Gnathabelodon species are distinct in having no lower tusks whilst the "shovel tuskers" have broad, flattened lower tusks. The presence of a long lower jaw but no lower tusks is highly unusual among proboscideans, and only shared with Eubelodon and Choerolophodon. The upper tusks are large and curve outwards and upwards. With respect to dentition and overall body form, it was similar to species of Gomphotherium, but Mothe et al. (2016) recover Gnathabelodon as closer to brevirostrine gomphotheriids than to Gomphotherium.[3]
Taxonomy
[edit]While some studies have assigned the genus to Gomphotheriidae,[3] other have suggested that it may have closer affinities with Choerolophodontidae.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Barbour, E.H. and Sternberg, G. (1935). Gnathabelodon thorpei, gen. et sp. nov. A new mud-grubbing mastodon. Bulletin of the Nebraska State Museum, 42: 395-404.
- ^ Steven R. May (2019). The Lapara Creek Fauna: Early Clarendonian of south Texas, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica 22 (1): Article number 22.1.15. doi:10.26879/929.
- ^ a b Mothé, Dimila; Ferretti, Marco P.; Avilla, Leonardo S. (12 January 2016). "The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha". PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147009. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
- ^ CX LI, J CHEN, SQ WANG Reassessment of Trilophodon connexus Hopwood, 1935 and attributing it to the Choerolophodontidae Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 2024
Sources
[edit]- A Pictorial Guide to Fossils by Gerard Ramon Case
- Classification of Mammals by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell
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