| Choyo | |
|---|---|
| Queyu, Choyu | |
| Native to | China |
Native speakers | (7,000 cited 1995)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qvy |
| Glottolog | quey1238 |
| ELP | Queyu |
Queyu (Choyo, Choyu) is a Qiangic language of Yajiang County and Xinlong County, Sichuan. It is similar with and shares a name with Zhaba, but the two languages are distinct from each other.
Dialects
[edit]The four dialects of Choyo are those of:[2]
- Youlaxi Township 尤拉西乡, Xinlong County (Wang 1991; Huang ed. 1992)[3][4] (which also has Western Horpa speakers[5])
- Rongba Township 绒坝乡, Litang County (Nishida 2008)[6]
- Tuanjie Township 团结乡, Yajiang County (Lu 1985; Sun ed. 1991)[7][8]
- Xiala Township 呷拉乡, Yajiang County (Prins & Nagano 2013)[9] (which also has Dao speakers[10])
Suzuki & Wangmo (2016)[2] consider the Lhagang Choyu language to be similar to but not part of Choyu proper, which consists of the four dialects listed above.
Huang & Dai (1992)[4] document the Queyu dialect spoken in Youlaxi Township 尤拉西乡, Xinlong County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan.
Lhagang Choyu
[edit]Lhagang Choyu (Chinese: Tagong Queyu 塔公却域語) is a Qiangic language similar to Choyu recently described by Suzuki & Wangmo (2018).[11] It is spoken in Tage [Thabs-mkhas] Hamlet, southwestern Tagong [lHa-sgang] Town, Kangding [Dar-mdo] Municipality, Sichuan Province, China. It used to be spoken in Xiya 西雅 Hamlet of the same township (Suzuki & Wangmo 2016:63). Lhagang Choyu is an endangered language with about 100 speakers.
Phonology
[edit]| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | oral | p b | t d | k g | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| Affricate | oral | ts dz | ʈʂ ɖʐ | tʃ dʒ | ||
| aspirated | tsʰ | ʈʂʰ | tʃʰ | |||
| Fricative | oral | (f) v | s z | ʂ ʐ | ʃ ʒ | x ɣ |
| aspirated | sʰ | ʂʰ | ʃʰ | |||
| Nasal | m̥ m | n̥ n | (ŋ̊) ŋ | |||
| Approximant | w | l̥ l | r̥ r | j | ||
- /f/ and /ŋ̊/ are only observed in one word each.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid-high | e eˤ | ɘ | o oˤ |
| Mid-low | ə əˤ | ||
| Low | ɛ | ɜ ɜˤ | aˤ |
Choyo also has three tones;[12] high, low, and rising.
References
[edit]- ^ Choyo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Suzuki, Hiroyuki and Sonam Wangmo. 2016. “Lhagang Choyu: A first look at its sociolinguistic status”. Studies in Asian Geolinguistics II: Rice. pp.60–69.
- ^ Wang, Tianxi. 1990. “Queyuyu [Choyu]”. In Qingxia Dai, Bufan Huang, Ailan Fu, Rig-’dzin dBang-mo, and Juhuang Liu. Zangmianyu Shiwuzhong. pp.46–63. Beijing: Beijing Yanshan Chubanshe.
- ^ a b Huang Bufan and Dai Qingxia, eds. 1992. Zangmianyuzu yuyan cihui 《藏緬語族語言詞匯》[A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon]. Beijing: Central Institute of Minorities.
- ^ Sun, Jackson T.-S. 2018. The Ancestry of Horpa: Further Morphological Evidence[permanent dead link]. Taipei: Academia Sinica.
- ^ Nishida, Fuminobu. 2008. “Tyuyugo no on-in taikei [Phonological system of Choyu]”. Tyuugoku Kenkyuu 16. pp.77–85.
- ^ Lu, Shaozun. 1985. “Zhabayu gaikuang [Overview of Zhaba]”. Minzu Yuwen 2. pp.67–76.
- ^ Sun Hongkai et al. 1991. Zangmianyu yuyin he cihui 藏缅语音和词汇 [Tibeto-Burman phonology and lexicon]. Chinese Social Sciences Press.
- ^ Prins, Marielle and Yasuhiko Nagano (eds.). 2013. rGyalrongic Languages Database.
- ^ Yeshes Vodgsal Atshogs / Yixiweisa Acuo [意西微萨・阿错]. 2004. A study of Dao [倒话研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. ISBN 978-7-105-06016-0
- ^ Suzuki, Hiroyuki and Sonam Wangmo. 2018. “Lhagang Choyu wordlist with the Thamkhas dialect of Minyag Rabgang Khams (Lhagang, Khams Minyag)”. Asian and African Languages and Linguistics 12. pp.133–160.
- ^ a b c Zheng, Jingyao (2023). "A Phonological Study of Rongpa Choyul". Languages. 8 (2): 133. doi:10.3390/languages8020133.
- Nishida, Fuminobu. 2008. Chuyu-go no on'in taikei. Chūgoku kenkyū / Reitaku University 16. 77-85.
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border |
| ||||
| East and Southeast Asia |
| ||||
| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
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