Choni | |
---|---|
Thewo-Chone Cone Tibetan | |
tço.ne | |
Pronunciation | [tɕo.ne] |
Native to | China |
Region | Gansu, Sichuan |
Native speakers | 150,000 (2004)[1] |
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | cda |
Glottolog | chon1285 |
ELP | Choni |
Choni (Jonê) and Thewo are dialects of a Tibetic language spoken in western China in the vicinity of Jonê County.
Choni has four contrastive aspirated fricatives: /sʰ/ /ɕʰ/, /ʂʰ/, /xʰ/.[2]
Phonology
[edit]Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | (Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
Plosive | tenuis | p | t | k | ||||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||||
Affricate | tenuis | t͡s | t͡ʂ | t͡ɕ | ||||
aspirated | t͡sʰ | t͡ʂʰ | t͡ɕʰ | |||||
voiced | d͡z | d͡ʐ | d͡ʑ | |||||
prenasalized | ⁿd͡z | ⁿd͡ʐ | ⁿd͡ʑ | |||||
Fricative | tenuis | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | h | ||
aspirated | sʰ | ʂʰ | ɕʰ | xʰ | ||||
voiced | z | (ʐ) | ʑ | ɣ | (ʁ) | |||
Sonorant | r | j | w | |||||
Lateral | fricative | ɬ | ||||||
approximant | l |
- /r/ is phonetically a fricativized alveolar trill [r̝], and may be heard as [ʐ] as an allophone.
- A syllable-initial /k/ can be heard as a uvular fricative [χ] before voiceless consonants and as a voiced [ʁ] before voiced consonants. A syllable-final /k/ can be heard as a uvular stop [q] after /æ/ or /ɔ/ vowel sounds.
- [ʁ] can also be heard as an allophone of /ɣ/ between /æ/ or /ɔ/ and another vowel.[3]
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i | iː | ʉ | ʉː | u | uː |
ɪ | ɪː | |||||
Close-mid | e | eː | o | oː | ||
Mid | ə | |||||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||||
Open | æ | ɑ | ɑː |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | ĩː | (ũː) | |
Close-mid | ẽː | õː | |
Open | ã ãː |
- [ũː] rarely exists as a phoneme, and is only attested in a few words with a palatal or alveolo-palatal initial.
References
[edit]- ^ Choni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Jacques, Guillaume (2011). "A panchronic study of aspirated fricatives, with new evidence from Pumi" (PDF). Lingua. 121 (9): 1518–1538. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2011.04.003. S2CID 56166344.
- ^ Jacques, Guillaume (April 2012). "A phonological profile of Cone" (PDF). HAL. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
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