Mountain range in Sumatra, Indonesia
Geological map of Bukit Barisan
The Bukit Barisan or the Barisan Mountains are a mountain range on the western side of Sumatra , Indonesia , covering nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the north to the south of the island. The Bukit Barisan range consists primarily of volcanoes shrouded in dense jungle cover, including Sumatran tropical pine forests on the higher slopes.[ 1] The highest peak of the range is Mount Kerinci at 3,800 metres (12,467 ft).[ 2] The Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is situated towards the southern end of the range in Liwa, Indonesia .
The name Bukit Barisan actually means "row of hills" or "hills that make a row" in Malay , for the range stretches end to end along the island of Sumatra .
There are 35 active volcanoes in Bukit Barisan. The largest volcano is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 miles) × 30 km (19 miles) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present ).[ 3] The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the largest possible for a volcanic eruption.
The following list is sourced from the Smithsonian Institution 's Global Volcanism Program.[ 4]
Name
Shape
Elevation
Last eruption (VEI )
Geolocation
Weh
stratovolcano
617 metres (2,024 ft)
Pleistocene
5°49′N 95°17′E / 5.82°N 95.28°E / 5.82; 95.28
Seulawah Agam
stratovolcano
1,810 metres (5,940 ft)
1839 (2)
5°26′53″N 95°39′29″E / 5.448°N 95.658°E / 5.448; 95.658
Peuet Sague
complex volcano
2,801 metres (9,190 ft)
25 December 2000 (2)
4°54′50″N 96°19′44″E / 4.914°N 96.329°E / 4.914; 96.329
Geureudong
stratovolcano
2,885 metres (9,465 ft)
1937
4°48′47″N 96°49′12″E / 4.813°N 96.82°E / 4.813; 96.82
Mount Leuser
non-volcanic
3,466 metres (11,371 ft)
3°44′29″N 97°9′18″E / 3.74139°N 97.15500°E / 3.74139; 97.15500
Kembar
shield volcano
2,245 metres (7,365 ft)
Pleistocene
3°51′00″N 97°39′50″E / 3.850°N 97.664°E / 3.850; 97.664
Sibayak
stratovolcano
2,212 metres (7,257 ft)
1881
3°14′N 98°31′E / 3.23°N 98.52°E / 3.23; 98.52
Sinabung
stratovolcano
2,460 metres (8,070 ft)
2 March 2021[ 5]
3°10′12″N 98°23′31″E / 3.17°N 98.392°E / 3.17; 98.392
Toba
supervolcano
2,157 metres (7,077 ft)
cca 75.000 years ago
2°35′N 98°50′E / 2.58°N 98.83°E / 2.58; 98.83
Helatoba-Tarutung
fumarole field
1,100 metres (3,600 ft)
Pleistocene
2°02′N 98°56′E / 2.03°N 98.93°E / 2.03; 98.93
Imun
unknown
1,505 metres (4,938 ft)
unknown
2°09′29″N 98°55′48″E / 2.158°N 98.93°E / 2.158; 98.93
Sibualbuali
stratovolcano
1,819 metres (5,968 ft)
unknown
1°33′22″N 99°15′18″E / 1.556°N 99.255°E / 1.556; 99.255
Lubukraya
stratovolcano
1,862 metres (6,109 ft)
unknown
1°28′41″N 99°12′32″E / 1.478°N 99.209°E / 1.478; 99.209
Sorikmarapi
stratovolcano
2,145 metres (7,037 ft)
1986 (1)
0°41′10″N 99°32′20″E / 0.686°N 99.539°E / 0.686; 99.539
Talakmau
complex volcano
2,919 metres (9,577 ft)
unknown
0°04′44″N 99°58′48″E / 0.079°N 99.98°E / 0.079; 99.98
Sarik-Gajah
volcanic cone
unknown
unknown
0°00′29″N 100°12′00″E / 0.008°N 100.20°E / 0.008; 100.20
Marapi
complex volcano
2,891 metres (9,485 ft)
5 August 2004 (2)
0°22′52″S 100°28′23″E / 0.381°S 100.473°E / -0.381; 100.473
Tandikat
stratovolcano
2,438 metres (7,999 ft)
1924 (1)
0°25′59″S 100°19′01″E / 0.433°S 100.317°E / -0.433; 100.317
Talang
stratovolcano
2,597 metres (8,520 ft)
12 April 2005 (2)
0°58′41″S 100°40′44″E / 0.978°S 100.679°E / -0.978; 100.679
Kerinci
stratovolcano
3,800 metres (12,500 ft)
22 June 2004 (2)
1°41′49″S 101°15′50″E / 1.697°S 101.264°E / -1.697; 101.264
Hutapanjang
stratovolcano
2,021 metres (6,631 ft)
unknown
2°20′S 101°36′E / 2.33°S 101.60°E / -2.33; 101.60
Sumbing
stratovolcano
2,507 metres (8,225 ft)
23 May 1921 (2)
2°24′50″S 101°43′41″E / 2.414°S 101.728°E / -2.414; 101.728
Kunyit
stratovolcano
2,151 metres (7,057 ft)
unknown
2°35′31″S 101°37′48″E / 2.592°S 101.63°E / -2.592; 101.63
Pendan
unknown
unknown
unknown
2°49′S 102°01′E / 2.82°S 102.02°E / -2.82; 102.02
Belirang-Beriti
compound
1,958 metres (6,424 ft)
unknown
2°49′S 102°11′E / 2.82°S 102.18°E / -2.82; 102.18
Bukit Daun
stratovolcano
2,467 metres (8,094 ft)
unknown
3°23′S 102°22′E / 3.38°S 102.37°E / -3.38; 102.37
Kaba
stratovolcano
1,952 metres (6,404 ft)
22 August 2000 (1)
3°31′S 102°37′E / 3.52°S 102.62°E / -3.52; 102.62
Dempo
stratovolcano
3,173 metres (10,410 ft)
October 1994 (1)
4°02′S 103°08′E / 4.03°S 103.13°E / -4.03; 103.13
Patah
unknown
2,817 metres (9,242 ft)
unknown
4°16′S 103°18′E / 4.27°S 103.30°E / -4.27; 103.30
Bukit Lumut Balai
stratovolcano
2,055 metres (6,742 ft)
unknown
4°14′S 103°37′E / 4.23°S 103.62°E / -4.23; 103.62
Besar
stratovolcano
1,899 metres (6,230 ft)
April 1940 (1)
4°26′S 103°40′E / 4.43°S 103.67°E / -4.43; 103.67
Suoh
caldera
1,000 metres (3,300 ft)
10 July 1933 (4)
5°15′S 104°16′E / 5.25°S 104.27°E / -5.25; 104.27
Hulubelu
caldera
1,040 metres (3,410 ft)
1836
5°21′S 104°36′E / 5.35°S 104.60°E / -5.35; 104.60
Rajabasa
stratovolcano
1,281 metres (4,203 ft)
1798
5°46′48″S 105°37′30″E / 5.78°S 105.625°E / -5.78; 105.625
The following list is sourced from the Study Archaeology[ 6] [ 4]
3°00′S 102°15′E / 3.000°S 102.250°E / -3.000; 102.250
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