![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Downhill_Railway_Runnel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1197950.jpg/220px-Downhill_Railway_Runnel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1197950.jpg)
This is a list of road, railway, waterway, and other tunnels in the United Kingdom.
A tunnel is an underground passageway with no defined minimum length, though it may be considered to be at least twice as long as wide. Some government bodies define a tunnel as 150 metres (0.093 mi) in length or longer.[1]
A tunnel may be for pedestrians or cyclists, for general road traffic, for motor vehicles only, for rail traffic, or for a canal. Some are aqueducts, constructed purely for carrying water—for consumption, for hydroelectric purposes or as sewers—while others carry other services such as telecommunications cables. There are even tunnels designed as wildlife crossings for European badgers and other endangered species.
The longest tunnel in the United Kingdom is the Northern line at 27,800 metres (91,200 ft). This will be superseded in the 2020s by the 37,600-metre (123,400 ft) Woodsmith Mine Tunnel in North Yorkshire that will transport polyhalite from North Yorkshire to a port on Teesside.[2] Standedge Tunnel at 5,029 metres (3.125 mi) is the longest canal tunnel in the United Kingdom. When completed in the late 2020s, the Chiltern tunnel will be the 2nd longest mainline railway tunnel in the UK at 16,040 metres (52,620 ft).[3]
England
[edit]Location | Tunnel | Type | Length | Construction method / Notes | Date of opening | Coordinates | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(m) | (yd) | ||||||
Bedfordshire | Ampthill Tunnel | Railway | 654 | 715 | 4 tracks in 2 bores | 1859 | 52°02′01″N 0°30′48″W / 52.03361°N 0.51333°W |
Bedfordshire | Linslade Tunnel | Railway | 249 | 272 | 4 tracks in 3 bores | 1837, 1859, 1876 | 51°55′32″N 0°40′34″W / 51.92544°N 0.67611°W |
Bedfordshire | Old Warden Tunnel | Railway | 807 | 883 | Brick construction, Carried the Bedford to Hitchin line | 1853 | 52°05′18″N 0°22′33″W / 52.08835°N 0.37581°W |
Bedfordshire | Wymington Tunnel | Railway | 1,690 | 1,850 | Also known as Sharnbrook Tunnel, allows freight trains to avoid the gradients over Sharnbrook summit (elevation 315 feet) | 1859 | 52°15′06″N 0°34′58″W / 52.25166°N 0.58266°W |
Bristol | Clifton Down Tunnel | Railway | 1,601 | 1,751 | Part of the Clifton Extension Railway built jointly by the MR and GWR | 1874 | 51°28′02″N 2°37′31″W / 51.46720°N 2.62531°W |
Buckinghamshire | Brill Tunnel | Railway | 175 | 191 | Great Western Railway, now Chiltern Main Line | 1910 | |
Buckinghamshire | Whitehouse Tunnel | Railway | 322 | 352 | Chiltern Main Line | 1905 | |
Cambridgeshire | Wansford Tunnel | Railway | 563 | 616 | Now on preserved Nene Valley Railway | 1847 | 52°33′55″N 0°23′58″W / 52.56518°N 0.39956°W |
Cheshire | Disley Tunnel | Railway | 3,535 | 3,865 | Bored tunnel[4] | 1901 | 53°22′18″N 2°05′09″W / 53.37172°N 2.08576°W |
Cheshire | Preston Brook Tunnel | Canal | 1,133 | 1,239 | 1775 | ||
Cheshire | Prestbury Tunnel | Railway | 250 | 273 | [5] Brick[6] | 1845 | 53°17′44″N 2°08′40″W / 53.29551°N 2.14447°W |
Cheshire | Sutton Tunnel | Railway | 1,724 | 1,885 | [7] See also Sutton Tunnel railway accident | 1848 | 53°19′13″N 2°40′40″W / 53.32020°N 2.67790°W |
Cornwall | Saltash Tunnel | Road | 410 | 448 | Carries the A38 | 1988 | 50°24′42″N 4°12′54″W / 50.41161°N 4.21496°W |
Cornwall | Brownqueen Tunnel | Railway | 80 | 88 | 1859 | 50°26′05″N 4°40′51″W / 50.43466°N 4.68092°W | |
Cornwall | Toldish Tunnel | Railway | 460 | 500 | Used by horse-drawn trams, closed 1874 | 1849 | 50°24′11″N 4°55′31″W / 50.40311°N 4.92533°W |
Cornwall | Trelill Tunnel | Railway | 304 | 333 | Disused (closed 1966) | 1895 | 50°34′08″N 4°45′46″W / 50.56886°N 4.76268°W |
Cornwall | Shillingham Tunnel | Railway | 412 | 451 | aka Wivelscombe | 1908 | 50°23′43″N 4°15′51″W / 50.39539°N 4.26427°W |
Cornwall | Treverrin Tunnel | Railway | 516 | 564 | 1859 | 50°22′58″N 4°40′34″W / 50.38281°N 4.67616°W | |
Cornwall | Polperrow Tunnel | Railway | 348 | 381[8] | 1859 | 50°17′10″N 5°00′41″W / 50.28615°N 5.01136°W | |
Cornwall | Buckshead Tunnel | Railway | 290 | 320[9] | 1859 | 50°16′46″N 5°02′27″W / 50.27936°N 5.04071°W | |
Cornwall | Sparnick Tunnel | Railway | 449 | 491 | 1863 | 50°14′25″N 5°05′41″W / 50.24026°N 5.09462°W | |
Cornwall | Pinnock Tunnel | Railway | 1,073 | 1,173[10] | Now converted to private road | 1874 | 50°21′05″N 4°39′44″W / 50.35125°N 4.66219°W |
Cumbria | Rise Hill Tunnel | Railway | 1,109 | 1,109 | Double track | 1875 | 54°17′49″N 2°21′36″W / 54.297°N 2.360°W |
Cumbria | Whitehaven Tunnel | Railway | 1,219 | 1,333 | Single track, bore widened 1958 | 1852 | 54°27′07″N 3°34′55″W / 54.45200°N 3.58200°W |
Derbyshire | Alfreton Tunnel | Railway | 770 | 840 | 1862 | 53°05′31″N 1°21′41″W / 53.09200°N 1.36136°W | |
Derbyshire | Ashbourne Tunnel | Railway | 350 | 383 | Now a cycleway | 1899 | 53°00′57″N 1°44′05″W / 53.01571°N 1.73483°W |
Derbyshire | Bolsover Tunnel | Railway | 2,399 | 2,624 | Infilled with coal waste 1966-7 | 1897 | 53°13′00″N 1°16′36″W / 53.21662°N 1.27669°W |
Derbyshire | Bradway Tunnel | Railway | 1,853 | 2,026 | 1870 | 53°19′02″N 1°29′53″W / 53.31721°N 1.49813°W | |
Derbyshire | Breadsall Tunnel (also Morley) | Railway | 218 | 238 | 1878 | 52°57′21″N 1°24′32″W / 52.95597°N 1.40889°W | |
Derbyshire | Burbage Tunnel | Railway | 530 | 580[11] | 1830 | 53°15′42″N 1°57′11″W / 53.26168°N 1.95300°W | |
Derbyshire | Butterley Tunnel | Canal | 2,712 | 2,966 | Disused canal | 1794 | 53°03′34″N 1°23′42″W / 53.05936°N 1.39487°W |
Derbyshire | Chee Tor Tunnel (1) | Railway | 390 | 430[11] | 1863 | 53°15′21″N 1°48′38″W / 53.25584°N 1.81063°W | |
Derbyshire | Chee Tor Tunnel (2) | Railway | 86 | 94 | [11] | 1863 | 53°15′17″N 1°48′52″W / 53.25468°N 1.81452°W |
Derbyshire | Clay Cross Tunnel | Railway | 1,631 | 1,784 | Brick[12] | 1839 | 53°10′04″N 1°24′49″W / 53.16790°N 1.41363°W |
Derbyshire | Cowburn Tunnel | Railway | 3,385 | 3,702 | 1892 | 53°21′07″N 1°52′00″W / 53.35200°N 1.86680°W | |
Derbyshire | Cressbrook Tunnel | Railway | 431 | 471 | [11] | 1863 | 53°14′58″N 1°44′49″W / 53.24949°N 1.74688°W |
Derbyshire | Dove Holes Tunnel | Railway | 2,729 | 2,984 | Closed to passenger traffic in 1967 | 1865 | 53°18′11″N 1°53′19″W / 53.30293°N 1.88853°W |
Derbyshire | Duckmanton Tunnel | Railway | 458 | 501 | Closed to passenger traffic in 1951, closed completely 1957, infilled 1970s | 1897 | 53°13′44.2″N 1°22′1.3″W / 53.228944°N 1.367028°W |
Derbyshire | Eaves Tunnel | Railway | 394 | 431 | 1863 | ||
Derbyshire | Great Rocks Tunnel | Railway | 147 | 161 | 1863 | ||
Derbyshire | Haddon Tunnel | Railway | 967 | 1,058 | Constructed with cut and cover methods, closed in 1967 | 1863 | 53°11′47″N 1°39′07″W / 53.19644°N 1.65207°W |
Derbyshire | Headstone Tunnel | Railway | 487 | 533 | 1863 | ||
Derbyshire | High Tor Tunnel 1 | Railway | 294 | 321 | [13] | 1849 | |
Derbyshire | High Tor Tunnel 2 | Railway | 346 | 378 | 1849 | ||
Derbyshire | Holt Lane Tunnel | Railway | 115 | 126 | 1849 | ||
Derbyshire | Hopton Tunnel | Railway | 103 | 113 | 1830 | ||
Derbyshire | Hindlow Tunnel | Railway | 470 | 514 | Now a cycleway | 1832 | |
Derbyshire | Hollingwood Common Tunnel | Canal | 2,820 | 3,080 | Disused coalmine canal joining with Chesterfield Canal[14] | 1777 | |
Derbyshire | Lea Wood Tunnel | Railway | 288 | 315 | 1849 | ||
Derbyshire | Litton Tunnel | Railway | 472 | 516 | 1863 | 53°15′07″N 1°45′19″W / 53.25204°N 1.75534°W | |
Derbyshire | Mickleover Tunnel | Railway | 424 | 464 | 1878 | ||
Derbyshire | Milford Tunnel | Railway | 782 | 855 | 1839 | 53°00′06″N 1°29′12″W / 53.00177°N 1.48672°W | |
Derbyshire | Morley Tunnel | Railway | 218 | 238 | 1878 | ||
Derbyshire | New Mills Tunnel | Railway | 112 | 123 | 1867 | ||
Derbyshire | Norwood Tunnel | Canal | 2,637 | 2,884 | Collapsed 1907 | 1775 | W. 53°19′57″N 1°17′21″W / 53.33253°N 1.28921°W C. 53°20′06″N 1°16′11″W / 53.33501°N 1.26971°W, E. 53°20′15″N 1°15′01″W / 53.33744°N 1.25022°W |
Derbyshire | Norwood End Tunnel No. 10 | Railway | 270[15] | 300 | Parallel to Norwood Tunnel | 1878 | |
Derbyshire | Pic Tor Tunnel | Railway | 175 | 191 | 1863 | ||
Derbyshire | Redhill Tunnel 1 | Railway | 141 | 154 | 1839 | ||
Derbyshire | Redhill Tunnel 2 | Railway | 160 | 170 | 1839 | ||
Derbyshire | Rowthorn Tunnel | Railway | 849 | 929 | Closed 1930 | 1890 | |
Derbyshire | Rusher Cutting Tunnel | Railway | 111 | 121 | [16] | 1863 | |
Derbyshire | Shirland Tunnel | Railway | 173 | 189 | |||
Derbyshire | Spinkhill Tunnel | Railway | 458 | 501 | Closed 9 January 1967 and subsequently lifted | 1897 | |
Derbyshire | Toadmoor Tunnel | Railway | 118 | 129 | 1839 | ||
Derbyshire & Yorkshire – South | Totley Tunnel | Railway | 5,700 | 6,230 | 1892 | ||
Derbyshire | Whatstandwell Tunnel | Railway | 136 | 149 | 1849 | ||
Derbyshire | Whitwell Tunnel | Railway | 497 | 544 | |||
Derbyshire | Willersley Tunnel | Railway | 699 | 764 | 1849 | ||
Derbyshire | Wingfield Tunnel | Railway | 239 | 261 | 1839 | ||
Devon | Aller Tunnel | Railway | 270 | 295 | Built using 110 concrete bridge beams, A380 passes overhead | 2014 | |
Devon | Dainton Tunnel | Railway | 266 | 291 | 1847 | ||
Devon | Devonport Leat Tunnel | Leat | 500 | 547 | 1790s | ||
Devon | Marley Tunnel | Railway | 795 | 869 | |||
Devon | Parson's Tunnel | Railway | 554 | 606 | Known for the Legend of the Parson and Clerk | ||
Dorset | Beaminster Tunnel | Road | 105 | 115 | Carries the A3066, brick lined construction, one of the oldest road tunnels still in use | 1832 | |
Dorset | Buckhorn Weston Tunnel | Railway | 678 | 742 | |||
Dorset | Bincombe Tunnel (North) | Railway | 749 | 819 | |||
Dorset | Evershot Tunnel | Railway | 282 | 308 | |||
Dorset | Frampton Tunnel | Railway | 595 | 651 | |||
Dorset | Middlebere Plateway Tunnels | Railway | Built in two stages | 1807, 1825[17] | |||
Dorset | Poundbury Tunnel | Railway | 244 | 267 | 1857 | ||
East Sussex | Cuilfail Tunnel | Road | 430 | 470 | Carries the A26, built to ease traffic congestion in Lewes | 1980 | |
East Sussex | Bopeep Tunnel | Railway | 1,205 | 1,318 | 1846 | ||
East Sussex | Crowborough Tunnel | Railway | 935 | 1,022 | 1868 | ||
East Sussex | Culver Tunnel | Railway | 227 | 289 | Closed 1958 | 1882 | |
East Sussex | Falmer Tunnel | Railway | 450 | 490 | 1846 | ||
East Sussex | Hastings Tunnel | Railway | 700 | 770 | 1846 | ||
East Sussex | Heathfield Tunnel | Railway | 242 | 265 | Closed 1965, now cycleway & footpath | 1880 | |
East Sussex | Lewes Tunnel | Railway | 362 | 396 | 1847 | ||
East Sussex | Mountfield Tunnel | Railway | 481 | 526 | Reduced from double track to single track in the 1970s | 1851 | |
East Sussex | Mount Pleasant Tunnel | Railway | 131 | 143 | 1851 | ||
East Sussex | Patcham Tunnel | Railway | 446 | 488 | 1841 | ||
East Sussex | Wadhurst Tunnel | Railway | 1,102 | 1,205 | Reduced from double track to single track in 1985 | 1851 | |
Essex | Audley End Tunnel | Railway | 417 | 456 | Double track[18][19] | 1845 | |
Essex & Kent | Dartford West Tunnel | Road | 1,436 | 1,570 | Carries northbound traffic on the A282 as part of the Dartford Crossing, original tunnel | 1963 | |
Essex & Kent | Dartford East Tunnel | Road | 1,436 | 1,570 | Carries northbound traffic on the A282 as part of the Dartford Crossing, carried southbound traffic until 1991 | 1980 | |
Essex & Kent | Thames Tunnel | Railway | 3,115 | 3,406 | Part of the High Speed 1 railway[20] | 2007 | |
Essex | Dartford Cable Tunnel | Electricity cables | 2,400 | 2,624 | Upriver from Dartford Road Tunnels, carrying 400kV cables | 2004 | |
Essex | Bell Common Tunnel | Road | 470 | 514 | Cut-and-cover tunnel on the M25 | 1984 | |
Essex | Littlebury Tunnel | Railway | 372 | 407 | Two tracks, south portal is Grade 2 listed[18] | 1845 | |
Essex | Stansted Airport Tunnel | Railway | 1,778 | 1,944 | Single track[18] | 1991 | |
Essex & Kent | Thames Cable Tunnel | Electricity cables | 1,675 | 1,832 | Carries two 400kV electricity circuits[21][22] | 1970 | |
Gloucestershire | Chipping Sodbury Tunnel | Railway | 4,064 | 4,444 | 1902 | ||
Gloucestershire | Patchway Old Tunnel | Railway | 1,140[23] | 1,246 | In use for westbound trains | ||
Gloucestershire | Patchway New Tunnel | Railway | 1,609 | 1,760 | In use for eastbound trains | 1886 | |
Gloucestershire | Sapperton Canal Tunnel | Canal | 1,873 | 2,048 | 1789 | ||
Gloucestershire | Larger Sapperton Tunnel | Railway | 1,704 | 1,864 | On the Golden Valley Line | 1845 | |
Gloucestershire | Smaller Sapperton Tunnel | Railway | 323 | 353 | On the Golden Valley Line | 1845 | |
Gloucestershire | Severn Tunnel (1810) | Tramroad | 126 | 138 | Abandoned, uncompleted in 1812 after flooding | 51°47′16″N 2°26′46″W / 51.78770°N 2.44598°W | |
Gloucestershire & Monmouthshire | Severn Tunnel | Railway | 7,012 | 7,668 | Longest mainline tunnel in the UK until 2007 when tunnels on High Speed 1 opened | 1886 | |
Gloucestershire | Severn-Wye Cable Tunnel | Electricity cables | 3,600 | Carries two 400kV electricity circuits | 1973 | 51.608459°N 2.615454°W | |
Gloucestershire | Micheldean Tunnel | Railway | 715 | 782 | Portals bricked up | ||
Greater Manchester | Clifton Hall Tunnel | Railway | 1,187 | 1,298 | 1850 | ||
Greater Manchester | Disley Tunnel | Railway | 3,535 | 3,866 | 1902 | ||
Greater Manchester | Farnworth Tunnel | Railway | 270 | 295 | Built by the Manchester and Bolton Railway[24] | 1832 | |
Greater Manchester | Guardian Exchange | Telephone | 1,300 | 1,422 | Concrete and brick[25] | 1954 | |
Greater Manchester & Yorkshire – West | Standedge Tunnels | Canal | 5,029 | 5,500 | Disused 1945, reopened 2001, longest and highest canal tunnel in UK on Huddersfield Narrow Canal | 1811 | |
Greater Manchester & Yorkshire – West | Standedge Tunnels (Central Tunnel) | Railway | 4,880 | 5,337 | First of the three rail tunnels to be opened, used for emergency access | 1848 | |
Greater Manchester & Yorkshire – West | Standedge Tunnels (South Tunnel) | Railway | 4,880 | 5,337 | Second tunnel, single track | 1871 | |
Greater Manchester & Yorkshire – West | Standedge Tunnels (live tunnel) | Railway | 4,883 | 5,340 | Third tunnel, double track, in use | 1894 | |
Greater Manchester | Summit Tunnel | Railway | 2,638 | 2,885 | 1841 | ||
Hampshire | Fareham Tunnel No. 1 | Railway | 134 | 147 | Also known as Funtley No.1, M27 passes overhead | ||
Hampshire | Fareham Tunnel No. 2 | Railway | 506 | 553 | Also known as Funtley No.2 | ||
Hampshire | Greywell Tunnel | Canal | 1,125 | 1,230 | Brick construction, disused - now a Site of Special Scientific Interest | 1794 | |
Hampshire | Micheldever Tunnel | Railway | 181 | 198 | [26] Also known as Litchfield Tunnel | 1840[27] | |
Hampshire | Midhurst Tunnel | Railway | 252 | 276 | |||
Hampshire | Popham No. 1 Tunnel | Railway | 242 | 265 | |||
Hampshire | Popham No. 2 Tunnel | Railway | 182 | 199 | |||
Hampshire | Privett Tunnel | Railway | 967 | 1,058 | Closed 1955 | 1903 | |
Hampshire | Southampton Tunnel | Railway | 483 | 528[26] | Allows the South West Main Line to pass under the Civic Centre in Southampton | 1847 | |
Hampshire | Wallers' Ash Tunnel | Railway | 458 | 501 | |||
Hampshire | Winchester Tunnel | Railway | 422 | 461 | Also known as St Giles or Chesil Tunnel | ||
Hampshire | Fawley Tunnel | Electricity cables | 3,200 | 3,500 | Two 400 kV electricity circuits | 1965 | 50.826°N 1.314°W |
Hertfordshire & London | Elstree to St. John's Wood Cable Tunnel | Electricity cables | 19,800 | 21,653 | 3-metre diameter, forced air cooling, 7 ventilation shafts, carries one 400kV circuit, provision for second circuit, battery powered overhead monorail system for access[28] | 2005 | |
Hertfordshire | Hatfield Tunnel | Road | 1,147 | 1,531 | Cut-and-cover tunnel on the A1(M) between J3 and J4 | 1986 | |
Hertfordshire | Holmesdale Tunnel | Road | 600 | 656 | Cut-and-cover tunnel on the M25 between J25 and J26 | 1984 | |
Hertfordshire | Northchurch Tunnels | Railway | 319 | 349 | Bores consist of Down and Up fast (double track), Down slow (single track), Up slow (single track) | 1838 | |
Hertfordshire | Ponsbourne Tunnel | Railway | 2,454 | 2,684 | Part of the Hertford Loop Line, it was the last tunnel constructed using traditional means | 1918 | |
Hertfordshire | Potters Bar Tunnel | Railway | 1,110 | 1,214 | Bores consist of Down slow & fast, Up slow & fast | 1849 | 51°41′07″N 0°11′06″W / 51.6854°N 0.1849°W |
Hertfordshire | Welwyn North Tunnel | Railway | 956 | 1,046 | Welwyn North Tunnel was the scene of a major accident in 1866 | 1850 | |
Hertfordshire | Welwyn South Tunnel | Railway | 408 | 446 | 1850 | ||
Hertfordshire | Weston Hills Tunnel | Road | 230 | 250 | Cut-and-cover tunnel on the A505[29] | 2006 | |
Hertfordshire | Watford Tunnels | Railway | 1660 | 1,815 | Part of the West Coast Main Line, first built for the London and Birmingham Railway | 1837 | 51°40′53″N 0°25′09″W / 51.681507°N 0.419055°W |
Isle of Wight | Ryde Tunnel | Railway | 358 | 391 | |||
Isle of Wight | Ventnor Tunnel | Railway | 1,201 | 1,313 | Closed 1966 | 1866 | |
Kent & Pas-de-Calais (France) | Channel Tunnel | Railway | 50,459 | 55,183 | Consists of two single track railway tunnels and one service tunnel, 26,988 m of the tunnel is on the British side of the UK/France border | 1994 | |
Kent | Ashford Cut and Cover Tunnel | Railway | 1,562 | 1,708 | Part of High Speed 1 railway[30] | 2003 | |
Kent | Medway Tunnel | Road | 240 | 260 | Carries A289 | 1996 | |
Kent | Ramsgate Tunnel | Road | 800 | 875 | Carries A299, also known as Pegwell Tunnel | 2000 | |
Kent | Roundhill Tunnel | Road | 380 | 416 | Carries A20 | 1993 | |
Kent | Abbotscliffe Tunnel | Railway | 1,800 | 1,969 | Double track[31] | 1844 | |
Kent | Badgers Oak Tunnel | Railway | 163 | 178 | Closed 1961 | 1893 | |
Kent | Bourne Park Tunnel | Railway | 370 | 400 | Used to hide a giant railway borne artillery piece in World War Two,[32] closed 16 June 1947 | 1887 | |
Kent | Charlton Tunnel | Railway | 138 | 154 | |||
Kent | Chatham Tunnel | Railway | 272 | 297 | Double track | ||
Kent | Chelsfield Tunnel | Railway | 545 | 597 | Double track[33] | 1868 | 51°20′55″N 0°07′04″E / 51.3487°N 0.1178°E |
Kent | Dover Harbour Tunnel | Railway | 625 | 684 | 1861 | ||
Kent | Edenbridge Tunnel | Railway | 180 | 197 | 1888 | ||
Kent | Eynsford Tunnel | Railway | 757 | 828 | 1862 | ||
Kent | Fort Pitt Tunnel | Railway | 391 | 428 | Double track | ||
Kent | Golgotha Tunnel | Railway | 436 | 477 | Single track but partly constructed for double track | 1911 | |
Kent | Greenhithe Tunnel | Railway | 228 | 253 | 1849 | ||
Kent | Grove Tunnel | Railway | 167 | 183 | Closed on 6 July 1985 with the rest of the Tunbridge Wells West branch, single track[34] | 1876 | |
Kent | Grove Hill Tunnel | Railway | 262 | 287 | On the Hastings line | 1851 | |
Kent | Guston Tunnel | Railway | 1,287 | 1,408 | 1881 | ||
Kent | Higham and Strood Tunnel | Railway | 3,595 | 3,931 | Built between 1819 and 1824 for the Thames and Medway Canal, single track railway laid on the tow-path in 1845, was soon doubled by infilling the canal, 100-yard air vent cut in the middle | 1824 | |
Kent | Little Browns Tunnel | Railway | 111 | 121 | 1888 | ||
Kent | Lydden Tunnel | Railway | 2,166 | 2,369 | 1861 | ||
Kent | Mark Beech Tunnel | Railway | 1,226 | 1,341 | 1888 | ||
Kent | Martello Tunnel | Railway | 500 | 547 | Double track[31] | 1844 | |
Kent | North Downs Tunnel | Railway | 3,200 | 3,500 | Under Blue Bell Hill, tunnel is to UIC GB gauge on High Speed 1, double track but due to air pressure of opposing trains at high speeds trains are scheduled not to pass at the line speed of 300 km/h.[35] | 2001 | |
Kent | Polhill Tunnel | Railway | 2,387 | 2,610 | Double track | 1868 | 51°19′30″N 0°09′45″E / 51.3250°N 0.1626°E |
Kent | Priory Tunnel | Railway | 142 | 155 | 1861 | ||
Kent | Ramsgate Harbour Tunnel | Railway | 1,028 | 1,124 | Closed 1926 | 1863 | |
Kent | River Medway Cable Tunnels | Electricity cables | 1,700 | 1,860 | Twin 2.54 m diameter tunnels, Isle of Grain to Chetney Marshes, each carries a 400kV circuit[36] | 1976 | |
Kent | Saltwood Tunnel | Railway | 872 | 954 | 1843 | ||
Kent | Sevenoaks Tunnel | Railway | 3,156 | 3,520 | Double track | 1868 | |
Kent | Shakespeare Tunnel | Railway | 1,260 | 1,387 | Two individual single bore tunnels[31][37] | 1844 | |
Kent | Shepherd's Well Tunnel | Railway | 2,138 | 2,376 | |||
Kent | Somerhill Tunnel | Railway | 370 | 410 | Originally double track but reduced to single track in 1985 | 1845 | |
Kent | Strawberry Hill Tunnel | Railway | 262 | 286 | Originally double track but reduced to single track in 1985 | 1851 | |
Kent | Tyler Hill Tunnel | Railway | 757 | 828 | Underneath the main site of the University of Kent,[38] the line was closed in 1953, part of the tunnel collapsed in July 1974 | 1830 | |
Kent | Wells Tunnel | Railway | 753 | 823 | Twin track | 1846 | |
Kent | Wheeler Street Tunnel | Railway | 327 | 358 | Twin track | 1884 | |
Lancashire | Blackburn Tunnel | Railway | 398 | 435 | [39] | ||
Lancashire | Foulridge Tunnel | Canal | 1,487 | 1,626 | [40] | ||
Lancashire | Gannow Tunnel | Canal | 509 | 557 | [40] | ||
Lancashire | Gisburn Tunnel | Railway | 144 | 157 | [41] | 1880 | |
Lancashire | Haslingden (North Hag) Tunnel | Railway | 134 | 146 | [42] Closed 1966 | 1848 | |
Lancashire | Holme Tunnel | Railway | 242 | 265 | |||
Lancashire | Melling Tunnel | Railway | 1,120 | 1,230 | [43] | ||
Lancashire | Sough Tunnel | Railway | 1,843 | 2,015 | [39] | ||
Lancashire | Upholland Tunnel | Railway | 877 | 959 | |||
Lancashire | Wilpshire Tunnel | Railway | 297 | 325 | [39] | ||
Lancashire | Thrutch Tunnel | Railway | 541 | 592 | 1 track top section brick lined lower section stone, closed 1966 | 1880 | 53°41′29″N 2°14′55″W / 53.691300°N 2.248735°W |
Lancashire | Newchurch No.1 Tunnel | Railway | 148 | 162 | 1 track top section brick lined lower section stone, closed 1966 | 1852 | 53°41′29″N 2°14′55″W / 53.691400°N 2.248659°W |
Lancashire | Newchurch No.2 Tunnel | Railway | 270 | 290 | 1 track top section brick lined lower section stone, closed 1966 | 1852 | 53°41′26″N 2°14′42″W / 53.690653°N 2.244961°W |
Leicestershire | Ashby de la Zouch Tunnel | Railway | 282 | 308 | Also known as Old Parks or Ashby Tunnel | ||
Leicestershire | Clawson Tunnel | Railway | 763 | 834 | Also known as Hose Tunnel | ||
Leicestershire | Husbands Bosworth Tunnel | Canal | 1,066 | 1,166 | 1813 | ||
Leicestershire | Saddington Tunnel | Canal | 805 | 880 | 1797 | ||
Leicestershire | Glenfield Tunnel | Railway | 1,633 | 1786 | Closed 1966 | 1832 | |
Lincolnshire | Kirton-in-Lindsey Tunnel | Railway | 1,200 | 1,312 | |||
Lincolnshire | Stamford Tunnel | Railway | 312 | 341 | |||
Lincolnshire | Stoke Tunnel | Railway | 800 | 880 | |||
London | Northern line (Morden to East Finchley via Bank) | Railway | 27,800 | 30,402 | Deep level 'tube' lines constructed between 1886 and 1939 | 1890-1939 | |
London | Piccadilly line (Bounds Green to Barons Court) | Railway | 19,610 | 21,446 | Deep level 'tube' lines constructed between 1902 and 1932 | 1906–32 | |
London | Piccadilly line (Hounslow Central to Heathrow Terminal 5) | Railway | 8,760 | 9,580 | Deep Level tunnel beyond Hatton Cross | 1975-2008 | |
London | Victoria line (Brixton to Walthamstow Central) | Railway | 22,040 | 24,103 | Deep level 'tube' lines constructed between 1962 and 1972 | 1968–72 | |
London | Lee Tunnel | Sewer | 6,900 | 7,545 | Overflow sewer tunnel part of the Thames Tideway Scheme, 7.2m diameter | 2016 | |
London | George Green Tunnel | Road | 295 | 322 | A12, construction disrupted by M11 link road protest | 2000 | |
London | Green Man Tunnel | Road | 170 | 185 | A12, construction disrupted by M11 link road protest | 2000 | |
London | Central line (Stratford to White City) | Railway | 17,390 | 19,018 | Deep level 'tube' lines constructed between 1896 and 1940 | 1900–46 | |
London | Northern line (Kennington to Golders Green via Charing Cross) | Railway | 11,940 | 13,058 | Deep level 'tube' lines constructed between 1902 and 1926 | 1907–26 | |
London | Bakerloo line (Elephant & Castle to Queen's Park) | Railway | 10,900 | 11,920 | Deep level 'tube' lines constructed between 1898 and 1915 | 1906–15 | |
London | Waterloo & City line (Waterloo to Bank) | Railway | 2,226 | 2,434 | Deep level 'tube' lines constructed between 1894 and 1898 | 1898 | |
London | Barnet Tunnel | Railway | 553 | 607 | 3 bores: Down slow / Centre / Up Slow | 1849 | 51°37′46″N 0°09′30″W / 51.6295°N 0.1582°W |
London | Belsize Fast Lines Tunnel | Railway | 1,619 | 1,771 | Midland Railway, now Midland Main Line[18] | 1868[19] | |
London | Belsize Slow Lines Tunnel | Railway | 1,707 | 1,867 | Midland Railway, now Midland Main Line/Thameslink[18] | 1884[19] | |
London | Bishopsgate Tunnel | Railway | 573 | 627 | Great Eastern Railway, Down/Up Suburban Lines from/to Liverpool Street station | ||
London | Blackwall Tunnel (Western bore) | Road | 1,350[44] | 1,476 | Built using tunnelling shields, one of the oldest road tunnels still in use, carries northbound traffic on the A102 | 1897 | |
London | Blackwall Tunnel (Eastern bore) | Road | 1,174[44] | 1,284 | Newer bore, carries southbound traffic on the A102 | 1967 | |
London | Camden Road Tunnels | Railway | 288 | 315 | Midland Railway. Down/Up Fast, Down/Up Slow, Down/Up Moorgate the latter is two tunnels of 205 and 66 yards | 1867 | |
London | Canal Tunnels | Railway | 688 | 628 | 2 bores: both bidirectional. Up Line 688y/628m, Down Line 723y/681m | 2016 | 51°32′24″N 0°07′25″W / 51.5400°N 0.1236°W |
London | Canonbury Tunnel | Railway | 498 | 545 | Great Northern Railway, Now single track freight line | 1874 | |
London | Clapton Tunnel | Railway | 260 | 284 | Great Eastern Railway | 1872 | |
London | Copenhagen Tunnels | Railway | 543 | 594 | Great Northern Railway. West tunnel Up & Down Slow, Central tunnel Up & Down Fast, East Tunnel disused since 1977 | 1877, 1850, 1886 | |
London | Crossrail Royal Oak Portal to Victoria Dock portal | Railway | 15,390 | 16,830 | Twin tunnels 6.2m in diameter[45] | 2022 | |
London | Crossrail Pudding Mill Lane Portal to Stepney Green | Railway | 2,720 | 2,974 | Twin tunnels 6.2m in diameter[45] | 2022 | |
London | Crossrail Plumstead to North Woolwich Portal | Railway | 2,640 | 2,887 | Twin tunnels 6.2m in diameter[45] | 2022 | |
London | East India Dock Link | Road | 350 | 383 | 1993 | ||
London | Fore Street Tunnel | Road | 310 | 339 | A406, North Circular Road under Edmonton town centre, refurbished 2014[46] | 1998 | |
London | Gas Works Tunnels | Railway | 483 | 528 | Great Northern Railway. West tunnel Slow Lines, Middle tunnel Fast Lines, East tunnel disused since 1977[18][19] | 1892, 1852, 1878 | |
London | Greenwich foot tunnel | Pedestrian | 371 | 406 | Runs beneath River Thames; being refurbished until 2014 | 1902 | |
London | Hadley Wood North Tunnels | Railway | 212 | 232 | |||
London | Hadley Wood South Tunnels | Railway | 351 | 384 | |||
London | Islington Tunnel | Canal | 878 | 976 | On Regent's Canal | 1818 | |
London | Maida Hill Tunnel | Canal | 251 | 272 | On Regent's Canal | 1816 | |
London | Eyre's tunnel | Canal | 48 | 52 | On Regent's Canal | 1816 | |
London | Bankside power station cooling water discharge tunnel | River water | 366 | 400 | 3 metres diameter, 10 metres below river Thames, terminating on the north bank of the river bed adjacent to St Paul's railway bridge, disused since 1981, now sealed | 1952 | |
London | Battersea power station tunnels | Electricity cables, steam & hot water pipes | 3 tunnels, 2 carrying cables under the Thames to either side of Chelsea bridge, third carrying steam and hot water pipes for a district heating system for the Churchill Gardens estate | ||||
London | Hackney Downs or Queen's Road Tunnel | Railway | 407 | 445 | Great Eastern Railway | 1872 | |
London | Hanger Lane | Road | 240 | 262 | A40, passing under the Hanger Lane gyratory | 1960 | |
London | Eltham Tunnel | Road | 156 | 170 | A2 road, underneath Eltham railway station | 1970 | |
London | Hampstead Heath Tunnel | Railway | 1,066 | 1,166 | Hampstead Junction Railway. Now North London Line | 1860 | |
London | Kingsway Exchange | Telephone | Originally part of the Holborn deep shelter, it was used for telephone exchanges until closure in the 1990s due to asbestos | 1954 | |||
London | Kingsway tramway subway | Tramway | Constructed using cut-and-cover method. Abandoned in 1952 with the rest of the tram network, now partially used as the Strand Underpass | 1906 | |||
London | Limehouse Link tunnel | Road | 1,800 | 1,969 | Constructed with cut-and-cover methods, carries the A1203 | 1993 | |
London | London Deep Level Shelters | Air raid shelter | 370 | 405 | Eight built in total | 1942 | |
London | Hampstead Tunnel | Railway | 632 | 694 | Great Central Railway, now Chiltern Main Line | 1899 | |
London | Heathrow Tunnel | Road | 630 | 688 | Tunnel linking Airport loop road and M4/A4 to Heathrow Airport Central Terminal Area | 1955 | |
London | Heathrow Airside Road Tunnel | Road | 1,420 | 1,553 | Links the Heathrow Airport Central Terminal Area with Terminal 5. Only open to vehicles with security clearance | 2005 | W. 51°28′06″N 0°29′26″W / 51.46834°N 0.49059°W E. 51°28′10″N 0°27′18″W / 51.46954°N 0.45507°W |
London | Heathrow Express Tunnel (Stockley Farm to Terminal 4) |
Railway | 6,800 | 7,463 | Dual bore from Stockley Farm to Heathrow Terminals 2 & 3, single bore to Heathrow Terminal 4 | 1998 | |
London | Heathrow Express Tunnel (Terminal 1, 2 & 3 to Terminal 5) |
Railway | 2,600 | 2,843 | Extension of Heathrow Express tunnels to Heathrow Terminal 5 station, dual bore tunnels | 2005 | |
London | Heathrow Cargo Tunnel | Road | 885 | 968 | Links the Heathrow Airport Central Terminal Area with Heathrow Terminal 4. Only open to vehicles with security clearance | 1968 | 51°27′51″N 0°27′20″W / 51.46426°N 0.45555°W |
London | Kensal Green Tunnels | Railway | 293 | 320 | London and Birmingham Railway: Down/Up Fast, Down/Up Slow.London North Western Railway: Down/Up DC Electric constructed 1915 | 1837 | |
London | London Post Office Railway | Railway | 10,500 | 11,483 | Narrow gauge railway built to transport mail between sorting offices. Now decommissioned but still kept in working order.[47] | 1927 | |
London | London Tunnel 1 | Railway | 7,538 | 8,243 | Part of the High Speed 1 railway from Stratford to St Pancras[48] | 2007 | |
London | Primrose Hill Fast Tunnel | Railway | 1,080 | 1,182 | London North Western Railway[18] | 1879[19] | |
London | London Tunnel 2 | Railway | 10,120 | 11,067 | Part of the High Speed 1 railway from Dagenham to Stratford[49] | 2007 | |
London | Temple Mills Tunnel | Railway | 300 | 328 | Links High Speed 1 railway to Temple Mills Depot[50] | 2007 | |
Kent | Pepper Hill Tunnel | Railway | 515 | 563 | Part of the High Speed 1 railway, south of Ebbsfleet International[51] | 2007 | |
London | Primrose Hill Slow Tunnel | Railway | 1,070 | 1,170 | London and Birmingham Railway[18] | 1837[19] | |
London | Rotherhithe Tunnel | Road | 1,481 | 1,619 | 1908[52] | ||
London | Snow Hill tunnel | Railway | 1866 | ||||
London | St John's Wood Tunnel | Railway | 1,469 | 1,606 | Great Central Railway, now Chiltern Main Line | 1899 | |
London | South Hampstead Tunnel | Railway | 1,328 | 1,452 | London North Western Railway. Up tunnel is 1,264 yards (1,156 m) | 1922 | |
London | Eastway | Road | 290 | 317 | Built as the East Cross Route, now the A12 | 1974 | |
London | South Harrow Tunnel | Railway | 187 | 204 | Great Central Railway, now Chiltern Main Line | 1905 | |
London | Strand Underpass | Road | 365 | 399 | Formed from the disused Kingsway Tramway Subway | 1964 | |
London | Sydenham Hill (also Penge) | Railway | 1,958 | 2,141 | The tunnel was disliked by Queen Victoria, brick lining was made from clay extracted from the tunnel itself | 1863 | |
London | Thames Tunnel | Railway | 396 | 433 | Built by Marc Brunel and originally opened as a pedestrian link between Rotherhithe and Wapping, taken over by the East London Railway and now part of the London Overground | 1843 | |
London | Thames–Lea water main tunnel | Water | 30,577 | 33,440 | Water from the Thames at Sunbury to Chingford reservoirs | 1959 | |
London | Tottenham North Curve Tunnel No.1 | Railway | 146 | 160 | Midland Railway[18] | 1883[19] | |
London | New Cross to Finsbury Market Cable Tunnel | Electricity cables | 5,700 | 6233 | 2.85-metre diameter tunnel, carries 132 kV electric cables for UK Power Networks | 2017 | |
London | Lower Lea Valley Cable Tunnels | Electricity cables | 6,000 | 6561 | Built as part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park infrastructure, carries electricity cables (400kV for National Grid, 132kV for UK Power Networks) | 2007 | |
London | London Power Tunnels Phase 1 | Electricity cables | 32,000 | 34995 | Wimbledon to Willesden and Hackney, carries electricity cables (400kV for National Grid, 132kV for UK Power Networks) | 2018 | |
London | Tower Subway | Pedestrian | 411 | 450 | Built using Tunnelling shields. Closed in 1898 due to the opening of the Tower Bridge. Now used for water mains only | 1870 | |
London | Wood Green Tunnel | Railway | 645 | 705 | 3 bores: Down slow / Centre / Up Slow | 1848 | 51°36′18″N 0°08′02″W / 51.6050°N 0.1340°W |
London | Woolwich foot tunnel | Pedestrian | 498 | 545 | Under River Thames | 1912 | |
Merseyside | Kingsway Tunnel | Road | 2,483 | 2,715 | Also called Wallasey Tunnel | 1971 | |
Merseyside | Mersey Railway | Railway | 3,820 | 4,180 | Length of tunnel under the river | 1886–1892 | |
Merseyside | Tranmere tunnels | Shelter | Length of tunnel | ||||
Merseyside | Queensway Tunnel | Road | 3,237 | 3,540 | Longest road tunnel in UK | 1934 | |
Merseyside | Victoria Tunnel & Waterloo Tunnel | Railway | 3,254 | 3,559 | The Victoria and Waterloo tunnels - 2,475 metres (2,707 yd) and 862 metres (943 yd) - form a single tunnel divided by an air shaft, and having different names on each side of the shaft | 1849 | |
Merseyside | Wapping Tunnel | Railway | 2,030 | 2,220 | Originally static steam engine haulage because of the steep gradient, then locomotive hauled. Closed on 15 May 1972 | 1829 | |
Merseyside | Williamson Tunnels | Folly | 3,000 | 3,281 | 1800–40 | ||
Norfolk | Aylsham Bypass Tunnel | Railway | 166 | 182 | On narrow gauge Bure Valley Railway | 1990 | |
Norfolk | Cromer Tunnel | Railway | 56 | 61 | 1888 | ||
Northamptonshire | Blisworth Tunnel | Canal | 2,794 | 3,056 | Grand Union Canal | 1805 | |
Northamptonshire | Braunston Tunnel | Canal | 1,887 | 2,064 | Grand Union Canal | 1796 | |
Northamptonshire | Catesby Tunnel | Railway | 2,740 | 2,997 | Great Central Railway | 1899 | |
Northamptonshire | Corby Tunnel | Railway | 1,760 | 1,920 | 1878 | ||
Northamptonshire | Crick Tunnel | Canal | 1,397 | 1,528 | 1814 | ||
Northamptonshire | Hunsbury Hill Tunnel | Railway | 1,053 | 1,152 | 1881 | ||
Northamptonshire | Kelmarsh Tunnel | Railway | 480 | 525 | Was single bore, but doubled. Now pedestrian | 1859 | |
Northamptonshire | Kilsby Tunnel | Railway | 2,218 | 2,426 | 1838 | ||
Northamptonshire | Oxendon Tunnel | Railway | 418 | 457 | Was single bore, but doubled. Now pedestrian | 1859 | |
Northamptonshire | Stowe Hill tunnel | Railway | 449 | 491 | Single bore, twin tracks. West Coast Main Line | 1838 | |
Northumberland | Hillhead Tunnel | Railway | 321 | 351 | Single Bore, brick lined | 1887 | 55°23′32″N 1°49′56″W / 55.39217°N 1.83236°W |
Nottinghamshire | Annesley Tunnel | Railway | 915 | 1,001 | 1892 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Ashwell Tunnel | Railway | 64 | 70 | 1889 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Drakeholes Tunnel | Canal | 141 | 154 | [53] | 1777 | |
Nottinghamshire | Mapperley Tunnel | Railway | 1,035 | 1,132 | 1875 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Park Tunnel | Horsedrawn carriages | 125 | 136 | 1855 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Sherwood Tunnel | Railway | 404 | 442 | 1889 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Sherwood Rise Tunnel | Railway | 605 | 662 | 1899 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Sneinton Tunnel | Railway | 117 | 128 | 1889 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Stanton Tunnel | Railway | 1,220 | 1,330 | Railway Test Track, Stanton on the Wolds | 1879 | |
Nottinghamshire | Thorneywood Tunnel | Railway | 373 | 408 | 1889 | ||
Nottinghamshire | Victoria Street Tunnel | Railway | 266 | 291 | Also known as Weekday Cross Tunnel | 1897 | |
Nottinghamshire | Watnall Tunnel | Railway | 245 | 268 | |||
Nottinghamshire | Mansfield Road Tunnel | Railway | 1,087 | 1,189 | 1898[54] | ||
Oxfordshire | Ardley Tunnel | Railway | 1,056 | 1,155 | Great Western Railway, now Chiltern Main Line | 1910 | |
Oxfordshire | Bodleian Library Tunnel | Library | |||||
Oxfordshire | Horspath or Wheatley Tunnel | Railway | 479 | 524 | Great Western Railway, closed 1963 | 1864 | |
Oxfordshire | Wolvercot Tunnel | Railway | 133 | 145 | Buckinghamshire Railway | 1850 | |
Rutland | Glaston Tunnel | Railway | 1,684 | 1,842 | 1878 | ||
Rutland | Manton Tunnel | Railway | 685 | 749 | 1846 | ||
Rutland | Seaton Tunnel | Railway | 188 | 206 | 1878 | ||
Rutland | Wing Tunnel | Railway | 323 | 353 | 1878 | ||
Shropshire | Oakengates Tunnel | Railway | 430 | 471 | 1849 | ||
Somerset | Combe Down Tunnel | Railway | 1,672 | 1,829 | Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, between Devonshire Tunnel and Midford - closed in 1966 | 1874 | |
Somerset | Devonshire Tunnel | Railway | 409 | 447 | Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway between Bath Green Park and Combe Down Tunnel; Closed in 1966 now a cycle path | 1874 | |
Somerset | Somerton Tunnel | Railway | 963 | 1,053 | Built as part of the Langport and Castle Cary Railway. Part of the Berks and Hants Line between Taunton and Castle Cary | 1906 | 51°02′36″N 2°45′27″W / 51.04344°N 2.75761°W |
Somerset | White Ball Tunnel | Railway | 990 | 1,092 | Bristol to Exeter line between Taunton and Tiverton Junction on Somerset–Devon border | 1844 | |
Somerset | Winsor Hill Down Tunnel | Railway | 219 | 239 | Brick-lined, Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway between Masbury and Shepton Mallet[55] Rail service closed in 1966 and the tunnel was closed to walkers until the late 1990s[56] | 1874 | |
Somerset | Winsor Hill Up Tunnel | Railway | 115 | 126 | Brick-lined, Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway between Masbury and Shepton Mallet[55] Rail service closed in 1966 and the tunnel opened to walkers.[56] | 1892 | |
Staffordshire | Cheddleton Tunnel | Railway | 486 | 531 | Churnet Valley Railway | 1849 | |
Staffordshire | Harecastle Tunnel (Brindley) | Canal | 2,630 | 2,880 | Closed in 1914 due to subsidence | 1777 | |
Staffordshire | Harecastle Tunnel (Telford) | Canal | 2,676 | 2,926 | 1827 | ||
Staffordshire | Harecastle railway tunnel | Railway | 200 | 243 | On new diversion replacing three Victorian tunnels | 1965 | |
Staffordshire | Leek Tunnel | Railway | 432 | 472 | disused since 1964 | 1849 | |
Staffordshire | Meir Tunnel | Railway | 744 | 814 | 1894 | ||
Staffordshire | Meir Tunnel | Road | 260 | 284 | Carries A50 | 1997 | |
Staffordshire | Oakamoor Tunnel | Railway | 454 | 497 | disused since 1965, though plans are afoot to relay the line and reopen the tunnel | 1849 | |
Staffordshire | Shugborough Tunnel | Railway | 710 | 777 | 1847 | ||
Staffordshire | Swainsley Tunnel | Road | 150 | 164 | former railway tunnel on the Leek and Manifold Light Railway | 1904 | |
Suffolk | Stoke Tunnel | Railway | 330 | 361 | 1846 | ||
Surrey | Betchworth Tunnel | Railway | 352 | 385 | South of Dorking station[57] | 1867 | |
Surrey | Bletchingley Tunnel | Railway | 1,213 | 1,327 | 1842 | ||
Surrey | Hindhead Tunnel | Road | 1,830 | 2,001 | Part of the A3 bypassing Hindhead and the Devil's Punchbowl | 2011 | |
Surrey | Limpsfield Tunnel | Railway | 504 | 551 | 1884 | ||
Surrey | Merstham Tunnel | Railway | 1,674 | 1,831 | 1841 | ||
Surrey | Mickleham Tunnel | Railway | 479 | 524 | Runs under the eastern side of Norbury Park between Leatherhead and Dorking[58] | 1867 | |
Surrey | Oxted Tunnel | Railway | 2,067 | 2,261 | 1884 | ||
Surrey | Quarry Tunnel | Railway | 1,932 | 2,113 | [59] | 1899 | |
Surrey | Redhill Tunnel | Railway | 593 | 649 | 1899 | ||
Surrey | Reigate Tunnel | Horsedrawn carriages | 91 | 100 | Brick, length is approximate, said to be the first road tunnel[60][61] | 1823 | |
Surrey | St Catherine's Tunnel | Railway | 121 | 132 | Built by the London and South Western Railway, runs under St Catherine's Hill south of Guildford, also known as the Guildford Sand Tunnel[62] | 1849 | |
Surrey | Staines– Kempton aqueduct tunnel | Water | 7640 | 8355 | River water from the Thames at Hythe End to Kempton Park water works | 1963 | |
Tyne and Wear | Tyne Cyclist and Pedestrian Tunnel | Pedestrian | 270 | 300 | Cyclist and Pedestrian tunnel from Howdon (North) and Jarrow (South) | 1951 | |
Tyne and Wear | Tyne Tunnel (Western bore) | Road | 1,676 | 1,833 | Carries northbound traffic on the A19, original tunnel | 1967 | |
Tyne and Wear | Tyne Tunnel (Eastern bore) | Road | 1,600 | 1,750 | Carries southbound traffic on the A19 | 2011 | |
Tyne and Wear | Victoria Tunnel | Wagonway | 1842 | ||||
Tyne and Wear | Tyne and Wear Metro Tunnels | Railway | Carries the Tyne and Wear Metro through the Central Core of the system. | 1980, 1981 and 1982 | |||
Warwickshire | Fenny Compton Tunnel | Canal | 1,000 | 2.75 metres wide with 4.87 metre passing places, opened out to a deep cutting 1838-1870[63] | 1776 | ||
Warwickshire | Shrewley Tunnel | Canal | 396 | 433 | 1799 | ||
Warwickshire | Newbold Tunnel | Canal | 250 | 1778 | |||
West Midlands | Anchor Exchange | Telephone | 52°28′58″N 1°54′15″W / 52.4829°N 1.9042°W | ||||
West Midlands | Snow Hill Tunnel | Railway | 581 | 635 | 1852 | 52°28′51″N 1°53′46″W / 52.48095°N 1.89615°W | |
West Midlands | Black Lake Tunnel | Railway | 377 | 412 | Closed 1972, but later reopened for use by the West Midlands Metro in 1999 | 1854 | |
West Midlands | Dudley Tunnel | Canal | 2,884 | 3,154 | 1792 | 52°31′03″N 2°05′12″W / 52.517544°N 2.086741°W | |
West Midlands | Dudley Railway Tunnel | Railway | 867 | 948 | 1850 | 52°30′30″N 2°04′43″W / 52.508392°N 2.078701°W | |
West Midlands | Hockley Tunnel 1 | Railway | 124 | 136 | Closed 1972, but later reopened for use by the West Midlands Metro in 1999 | 1854 | |
West Midlands | Hockley Tunnel 2 | Railway | 150 | 160 | Closed 1972, but later reopened for use by the West Midlands Metro in 1999 | 1854 | |
West Midlands | Lapal Tunnel | Canal | 3,470 | 3,795 | Disused since 1917 | 1798 | 52°26′42″N 2°00′06″W / 52.4450°N 2.0017°W |
West Midlands | Netherton Canal Tunnel | Canal | 2,768 | 3,027 | 1858 | 52°30′16″N 2°03′34″W / 52.50435°N 2.05932°W | |
West Midlands | Queensway (Birmingham) | Road | 548 | 600 | 52°28′59″N 1°54′09″W / 52.4830°N 1.9026°W | ||
West Midlands & Worcestershire | Wast Hill Tunnel | Canal | 2,493 | 2,726 | Wide enough to accommodate two narrow boats but there is no towpath | 1796 | |
West Sussex | Balcombe tunnel | Railway | 1,036 | 1,133 | 1841 | ||
West Sussex | Clayton Tunnel | Railway | 2,066 | 2,259 | 1841 | ||
West Sussex | Haywards Heath Tunnel | Railway | 228 | 249 | 1841 | ||
West Sussex | Lywood Tunnel | Railway | 197 | 215 | Closed 1963 | 1883 | |
West Sussex | Midhurst Tunnel | Railway | 252 | 276 | Closed 1964 | 1866 | |
West Sussex | Sharpthorne Tunnel | Railway | 668 | 731 | Closed 1965, reopened 1994 | 1882 | |
West Sussex | Southwick Hill Tunnel | Road | 490 | 536 | Twin-bore tunnel, part of A27 Brighton Bypass | 1996 | |
Wiltshire | Box Tunnel | Railway | 2,937 | 3,212 | 1841 | ||
Wiltshire | Bruce Tunnel | Canal | 459 | 502 | Kennet and Avon Canal | 1809 | |
Wiltshire | Alderton Tunnel | Railway | 463 | 506 | South Wales main line | 1903 | |
Herefordshire & Worcestershire | Colwall Old Tunnel | Railway | 1,433 | 1,567 | Closed 1926 | 1861 | |
Herefordshire & Worcestershire | Colwall New Tunnel | Railway | 1,433 | 1,567 | In service on the Cotswold Line | 1926 | |
Herefordshire | Ledbury Tunnel | Railway | 1,205 | 1,318 | In service | 1861 | |
Herefordshire | Dinmore Tunnel | Railway | 970 | 1,060 | In service on Welsh Marches Line, opened 1853 Up Line and 1891 Down Line | 1853, 1891 | |
Worcestershire | Redditch Tunnel | Railway | 300 | 330 | Closed 1980s[64] | 1868 | |
Yorkshire – East | Drewton Tunnel | Railway | 1,933 | 2,114 | Hull & Barnsley, closed 1959 | 1885 | |
Yorkshire - East & Lincolnshire | Humber Gas Tunnel | Natural gas | 4,900 | 5,400 | Tunnel boring machine (TBM)/Concrete lining | December 2020 | 53°42′04″N 0°14′31″W / 53.701°N 0.242°W |
Yorkshire – East | Sugar Loaf Tunnel | Railway | 121 | 132 | Hull & Barnsley, closed 1959 | 1885 | |
Yorkshire – East | Weedley Tunnel | Railway | 121 | 132 | Hull & Barnsley, closed 1959 | 1885 | |
Yorkshire – North | Burdale Tunnel | Railway | 1,597 | 1,746 | 1853 | ||
Yorkshire – North | Blea Moor Tunnel | Railway | 2,404 | 2,629 | Settle–Carlisle line | 1876 | |
Yorkshire – North | Grosmont Horse Tunnel | Railway | 119 | 130 | Whitby & Pickering Railway | 1835 | |
Yorkshire – North | Prospect Tunnel | Railway | 754 | 825 | In Crimple, Harrogate | 1848 | |
Yorkshire – North | Falsgrave Tunnel | Railway | 240 | 260 | 1885 | 54°16′35.9″N 0°24′33.8″W / 54.276639°N 0.409389°W | |
Yorkshire – North | Haw Bank Tunnel | Railway | 200 | 220 | 1888 | ||
Yorkshire – North | Kettleness Tunnel | Railway | 282 | 308 | 1883 | ||
Yorkshire – North | Ravenscar Tunnel | Railway | 255 | 279 | Also Peak Tunnel | 1885 | |
Yorkshire – North | Sandsend Tunnel | Railway | 1,511 | 1,652 | 1883 | ||
Yorkshire – North | Woodsmith Mine Tunnel | Mineral transport | 37,000 | 40,464 | Tunnel boring machines | Due 2021 | 54°31′06″N 0°57′36″W / 54.5182°N 0.9599°W |
Yorkshire – South | Bradway Tunnel | Railway | 1,853 | 2,027 | 1870 | ||
Yorkshire – South | Cat Hill Tunnel | Railway | 141 | 154 | 1840 | ||
Yorkshire – South | Norwood Tunnel | Canal | 2,637 | 2,884 | Disused since 1907 | 1775 | |
Yorkshire – South | Thurgoland Tunnel (old) | Railway | 288 | 315[26] | Down line from 1952 – Closed 1983 | 1845 | |
Yorkshire – South | Thurgoland Tunnel (new) | Railway | 310 | 339[26] | Second single-track bore (up line) opened 1952 due to clearance problems on curves, closed 1983 | 1953 | |
Derbyshire & Yorkshire – South | Woodhead Tunnel 1 | Railway | 4,840 | 5,293 | First of 3 railway tunnels, closed for railway traffic in 1953, disused | 1845 | |
Derbyshire & Yorkshire – South | Woodhead Tunnel 2 | Railway | 4,840 | 5,293 | Second of 3 railway tunnels, closed for railway traffic in 1953, now used by National Grid for 400kV electricity cables | 1853 | |
Derbyshire & Yorkshire – South | Woodhead Tunnel 3 | Railway | 4,871 | 5,340 | Third of 3 railway tunnels, closed for railway traffic in 1981, now used by National Grid for 400kV electricity cables | 1953 | |
Yorkshire – West | Bingley Tunnel | Railway | 138 | 151 | Airedale Line | 1847 | |
Yorkshire – West | Bowling Tunnel | Railway | 1,507 | 1,648 | Calder Valley Line | 1850 | |
Yorkshire – West | Bramhope Tunnel | Railway | 3,439 | 3,761 | Harrogate Line | 1849 | |
Yorkshire – West | Gildersome Tunnel | Railway | 2,131 | 2,331 | Disused tunnel on the former Leeds New Line. Filled with colliery waste to support the M62 being built on top of it in 1971[65] | 1900 | 53°45′06.2″N 1°37′27.3″W / 53.751722°N 1.624250°W |
Yorkshire – West | Greenside Tunnel | Railway | 563 | 616 | Located on the former Pudsey Loop line | 1893 | 53°47′23″N 1°40′12″W / 53.78972°N 1.67000°W |
Yorkshire – West | Leeds Inner Ring Road Tunnel | Road | 367 | 401 | Leeds Inner Ring Road A58(M) under the Leeds General Infirmary | 1969 | |
Yorkshire – West | Lees Moor Tunnel | Railway | 1,402 | 1,533 | 1884 | 53°50′11.9″N 1°55′32″W / 53.836639°N 1.92556°W | |
Yorkshire – West | Morley Tunnel | Railway | 3,081 | 3,369 | 1848 | ||
Yorkshire – West | Queensbury Tunnel | Railway | 2,501 | 2,287 | Closed in 1963 - proposal to re-open the tunnel as part of the Great Northern railway Trail | 1879 | 53°45′59.4″N 1°51′24.3″W / 53.766500°N 1.856750°W |
Yorkshire – West | Richmond Hill Tunnel | Railway | 640 | 700 | Leeds and Selby Railway | 1834 | 53°47′42″N 1°31′19″W / 53.795°N 1.522°W |
Yorkshire – West | Summit Tunnel | Railway | 2,638 | 2,885 | Manchester and Leeds Railway | 1841 | |
Yorkshire – West | Thackley Tunnel | Railway | 1,200 | 1,300 | Airedale Line | 1845 | |
Yorkshire – West | Victoria Avenue Tunnel | Road | 237 | 258 | Carries A658 under the runway of Leeds Bradford International Airport [1] | 1982/3 | |
Yorkshire – West | Well Heads Tunnel | Railway | 605 | 662 | Former Great Northern Queensbury Lines[66] | 1882 | 53°47′35.6″N 1°52′39.1″W / 53.793222°N 1.877528°W |
Wales
[edit]Location | Tunnel | Type | Length (m) | Length (yd) | Construction method / Notes | Date of opening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anglesey | Bodorgan Tunnel | Railway | 530 | 580 | Two sections of tunnel (approx. 80m and 375m long) separated by open cut | 1849 |
Caerphilly | Penar Tunnel | Railway | 219 | 239 | On Halls Road Branch between Risca and Markham | |
Caerphilly | Glyn Tunnel, Hafodyrynys | Railway | 260 | 280 | Taff Vale Extension. Single track. Closed 1964. Portals now backfilled | 1857 |
Caerphilly | Caerphilly Tunnel | Railway | 1,768 | 1933 | In use between Thornhill, Cardiff and Caerphilly. On the Rhymney Railway | 1871 |
Cardiff | Queensgate Tunnel | Road | 715 | 782 | Part of the A4232 Butetown link road | 1995 |
Carmarthenshire | Pencader Tunnel | Railway | 901 | 985 | Built for broad gauge | 1861 |
Conwy | Conwy Road Tunnel[67] | Road | 1,080 | 1181 | Carries the A55 road around Conwy | 1991 |
Conwy | Penmaenbach Westbound Tunnel[67] | Road | 658 | 720 | Carries the Westbound A55 road through the Penmaenbach headland | 1989 |
Conwy | Penmaenbach Eastbound Headland Tunnel[67] | Road | 172 | 188 | Carries the Eastbound A55 road through the Penmaenbach headland | 1932 |
Conwy | Pen-y-Clip Westbound Tunnel[67] | Road | 930 | 1017 | Carries the Westbound A55 road through the Pen-y-Clip headland | 1994 |
Gwynedd | Penhelig Tunnels (Aberdovey No. 1, Fron-goch) | Railway | 180 | 200 | One of four tunnels on the Cambrian Coast Railway. | 1867 |
Gwynedd | Penhelig Tunnels (Aberdovey No. 2, Morfa Bach) | Railway | 200 | 219 | One of four tunnels on the Cambrian Coast Railway. | 1867 |
Gwynedd | Penhelig Tunnels (Aberdovey No. 3) | Railway | 175 | 191 | One of four tunnels on the Cambrian Coast Railway. | 1867 |
Gwynedd | Penhelig Tunnels (Aberdovey No. 4, Craig-y-Don) | Railway | 487 | 533 | One of four tunnels on the Cambrian Coast Railway. | 1867 |
Gwynedd | Ffestiniog Tunnel | Railway | 3,407 | 3726 | UK's longest single-track tunnel, in use on the Conwy Valley Line | 1879 |
Monmouthshire & Gloucestershire | Severn Tunnel | Railway | 7,012 | 7668 | Longest mainline tunnel in the UK until 2007 when tunnels on High Speed 1 opened | 1886 |
Monmouthshire | Gibraltar Tunnel | Road | 185 | 202 | Twin bore on A40 dual carriageway | 1968 |
Monmouthshire | Bryn Tunnel, Hengoed | Railway | 364 | 398 | On Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway from Pontllanfraith to Hengoed. Portals now buried | |
Monmouthshire | Clydach Tunnels | Railway | 250 | 273 | Between Nantyglo and Govilon. Closed 1958 | 1862, doubled 1877 |
Monmouthshire | Gelli-felen Tunnels | Railway | 230 | 352 | Co-located with Clydach. On a continuous curve of approximately 120 degrees | 1862 |
Monmouthshire | Monmouth Troy | Railway | 130 | 142 | Disused and blocked | 1857 |
Monmouthshire | Usk | Railway | 234 | 256 | Disused but walkable | 1857 |
Neath Port Talbot | Cymmer, Afan Valley | Railway | 1,458 | 1595 | Built by the Great Western Railway. Single track. Straight. North end relandscaped | |
Neath Port Talbot | Gelli, Afan Valley | Railway | 153 | 167 [5] | Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway. Single track. Stone and brick. Closed 1964. | 1882 |
Neath Port Talbot | Gyfylchi Tunnel, Tonmawr / Afan Valley | Railway (disused) | 932 | 1019 | Single track. North end collapsed 1947. South Wales Mineral Railway[2]. | 1863 |
Neath Port Talbot | Cwmcerwyn, Maesteg | Railway | 920 | 1010 | Built by the Port Talbot Railway and Docks Company. Single track, curved.[3] [permanent dead link] | 1964 |
Newport | Hillfield Tunnels, Newport | Railway | 700 | 770 | Mainline tunnel west of Newport railway station. | |
Newport | Gaer Tunnel, Newport | Railway | 369 | 403 | Line to Bassaleg west of Hillfield Tunnels. | |
Newport | Brynglas Tunnels | Road | 370 | 400 | Twin-bore, two-lane tunnels on M4. | 1967 |
Pembrokeshire | Saundersfoot Railway | Railway | 450 | 490 | 3 short Coppet Hall Tunnels on the shoreline plus the longer Hill Tunnel inland | |
Powys | Torpantau Tunnel | Railway | 610 | 666 | Brecon and Merthyr Railway. Also called Summit or Beacons Tunnel. Highest rail tunnel in UK at 1,313 feet (400 m) | 1863 |
Powys | Tal-y-llyn Tunnel | Railway | 616 | 674 | Brecon and Merthyr Railway | 1864 |
Powys | Ashford Tunnel | Canal | 343 | 375 | Monmouthshire and Brecon Canal | 1800 |
Powys | Rhayader Tunnel | Railway | 270 | 290 | Mid Wales Railway. Closed 1963. Now a nature reserve | 1864 |
Powys | Marteg Tunnel | Railway | 340 | 372 | Mid Wales Railway. Closed 1963. North-west of Rhayader | 1864 |
Merthyr Tydfil CBC | Abernant / Merthyr | Railway | 2,283 | 2497 | Single track bore, curved at west end and with double-track portal. | 1853 |
Rhondda Cynon Tâf | Garth or Walnut Tree Tunnel | Railway | 410 | 490 [11] | Barry Railway Company Penrhos branch to Llanbradach. Double track. Closed 1963. Partly breached by Garth Quarry. | 1905 |
Merthyr Tydfil CBC | Morlais Tunnel, Merthyr Tydfil | Railway | 948 | 1040 | Double track, curved at west end. 3 airshafts. Closed 6 January 1958. Linked LNWR with Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil Junction Railway at Morlais Junction. | 1 June 1879 |
Merthyr Tydfil CBC | Quaker's Yard or Cefn-Glas Tunnel, Abercynon | Railway | 643 | 703 [16] | Vale of Neath / West Midland Railway GWR. Closed to traffic in 1964. | 1851 |
Rhondda Cynon Tâf | Rhondda Tunnel | Railway | 3,148 | 3443 | Single track. Closed due to subsidence in the 1960s. | 1890 |
Rhondda Cynon Tâf | Tinworks, Treforest | Water | 140 | 150 | Mill race "feeder" for Crawshays Tinworks. Tunnel made when embankment was constructed | 1907 |
Rhondda Cynon Tâf | Pontypridd | Railway | 1,210 | 1323 | Barry Railway Company Closed and bricked up | 1889 |
Rhondda Cynon Tâf | Tongwynlais | Railway | 160 | 180 | Cardiff Railway through the Taffs Well gorge. Closed 1938. Removed in constructing A470 dual carriageway at Tongwynlais. | 1907 |
Swansea | Penllergaer Tunnel | Railway | 267 | 292 | Active freight and sometimes passenger line on Swansea District Line | 1912 |
Swansea | Llangyfelach Tunnel | Railway | 1,785 | 1952 | Active freight and sometimes passenger line on Swansea District Line | 1912 |
Swansea | Peniel Green Tunnel (Lônlas) | Railway | 845 | 924 | Active freight and sometimes passenger line on Swansea District Line | 1912 |
Swansea | Cockett Tunnel | Railway | 721 | 788 | South Wales Main Line, reduced from 829 yards in 1908 | 1852 |
Torfaen | Pwll Du Tunnel | Tramroad | 1875 | 2,051 | Opened 1816 linking Blaenavon with Pwll Du | 1926 |
Vale of Glamorgan | Wenvoe Tunnel | Railway | 1,707 | 1867 | Barry Railway. Closed 1964. | 1898 |
Vale of Glamorgan | Cogan Tunnel | Railway | 203 | 222 | Barry Railway. | 1886 |
Vale of Glamorgan | Barry Island Tunnel. Also called "Pier Tunnel" | Railway | 260 | 280 | Barry Railway. Closed in the 1970s bricked up but part of bore used as a rifle range from west portal access. | 1897 |
Vale of Glamorgan | Porthkerry No.1 Tunnel | Railway | 498 | 545 | Vale of Glamorgan Railway | 1898 |
Wrexham | Chirk Tunnel | Canal | 420 | 459 | First in UK to have a towpath | 1802 |
Northern Ireland
[edit]Location | Tunnel | Type | Length (m) |
Length (yd) |
Construction method / Notes | Date of opening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Londonderry | Castlerock | Rail | 611 | 668 | Brick | 1845–1853[68] |
Londonderry | Downhill | Rail | 281 | 307 | 1845–1846[69] | |
Armagh | Lissummon | Rail | 1,608 | 1759 | Stone with some brick | early 1860s[70] |
Down | Binnian Tunnel | Aqueduct | 4,000 | 4400 | Stone | 1948–1952 |
Antrim | Whitehead | Rail | 159 | 145 | Closed in 1994 until further notice. | 1862–1994[71] |
Tyrone | Dungannon | Rail | 870 | 800 | 1862 [72] |
Scotland
[edit]Location | Tunnel | Type | Length (m) | Length (yd) | Construction method / Notes | Date of opening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dundee | Marketgait Tunnel | Road | 230 | 250 | Cut and cover. Length[73] | |
Midlothian | Broomieknowe Tunnel | Railway | 393 | 430 | Closed 1951 | 1877 |
Glasgow | Clyde Tunnel | Road | 762 | 833 | 1964 | |
Dumfries and Galloway | Drumlanrig Tunnel | Railway | 1,270 | 1,389 | ||
Glasgow | Glasgow Subway | Railway | 10,500 | 11,440 | 1896 | |
Scottish Borders | Whitrope Tunnel | Railway | 1,105 | 1,208 | Closed 1969 | 1862 |
Scottish Borders | Penmanshiel Tunnel | Railway | 244 | 267 | Original tunnel closed in 1979 after collapse and new cutting constructed adjacent to old tunnel. | 1979 |
Scottish Highlands | Nevis Tunnel | Water | 24,000 | 26,400 | hydroelectric scheme | 1929 |
Dundee | Dock Street Tunnel | Railway | 558 | 610 | ||
Aberdeen | Schoolhill Tunnel | Railway | 229 | 250 | ||
Aberdeen | Hutcheon Street Tunnel | Railway | 256 | 280 | ||
Edinburgh | Scotland Street Tunnel | Railway | 914 | 1,000 | 1847 | |
Edinburgh | Bowshank Tunnel | Railway | 226 | 247 | ||
Edinburgh | Innocent Tunnel, also St Leonard's Tunnel | Railway | 518 | 566 | Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway. Closed 1968. Now a footpath and cyclepath. | 1831 |
Falkirk | Falkirk Tunnel | Canal | 630 | 690 | Union Canal connection to Falkirk Wheel and Forth and Clyde Canal | 1822 |
Glasgow | Kelvingrove Tunnel | Railway | 870 | 950 | Glasgow Central Railway. Closed 1964 | 1896 |
Glasgow | Cowlairs Tunnel | Railway | 905 | 990 | 1842 | |
Glasgow | Anderston Tunnel | Railway | 2,533 | 2,770 | ||
Glasgow | Canning Street Tunnel | Railway | 423 | 463 | ||
Glasgow | Stobcross Street Tunnel | Railway | 585 | 640 | ||
Glasgow | Dalmarnock Road Tunnel | Railway | 722 | 790 | ||
Glasgow | Charing Cross Tunnel | Railway | 1,006 | 1,100 | ||
Glasgow | Glasgow Harbour Tunnel | Vehicle and pedestrian | 213 | 233 | 3 bores. Vehicles hoisted to tunnel level. Closed 1987 | 1895 |
South Lanarkshire | Barncluith Tunnel | Railway | 347 | 380 | ||
South Lanarkshire | Kirkhill Tunnel | Railway | 265 | 290 | ||
Perth and Kinross | Moncrieffe Tunnel | Railway | 1,106 | 1,210 | ||
Inverclyde | Newton Street Tunnel | Railway | 1,930 | 2,110 | Longest bored railway tunnel in Scotland, linking Greenock to Gourock | 1889 |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "Design Manual for Roads and Bridges - CD 352 - Design of road tunnels". Standards for Highways. March 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
For the purposes of this document a road tunnel is defined as a subsurface highway structure enclosed for a length of 150m, or more, measured along the centre line of the soffit.
- ^ Whipple, Tom (13 April 2019). "Colossal bore gets priest's blessing to dig a giant tunnel at Yorkshire Mine". The Times. No. 72820. p. 22. ISSN 0140-0460.
- ^ "Bouygues Travaux Publics - Project - HS2, High-Speed Rail Line". www.bouygues-tp.com. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ "VII. Marple By-Passed 1898-191". www.marple-uk.com. Retrieved 26 August 2008.
- ^ a b "UK railway tunnel lengths G-P".
- ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1222039)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ "Cheshire Magazine". www.cc-publishing.co.uk. Retrieved 27 August 2008.
- ^ "Cornwall & Scilly HER". English Heritage. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Cornwall & Scilly HER". English Heritage. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "SX0853 : Former Railway Trackbed used as Private Road". Geograph – photograph every grid square. GeoGraph. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "UK railway tunnel lengths A-F".
- ^ Driving the Clay Cross Tunnel, Cliff Williams, Scarthin Books, Cromford
- ^ "Railway Tunnel lengths G-P".
- ^ George Hall, Rev (1839). The History of Chesterfield: With … - Google Book Search. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ Killamarsh Branch & Extension: via kivetonwaleshistory
- ^ a b "UK railway tunnels lengths Q-Z".
- ^ "Middlebere railway history". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Brailsford, Martyn (2016). Railway Track Diagrams Book 2: Eastern. Frome: Tackmaps. ISBN 978-0-9549866-8-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g Brown, Joe (2015). London Railway Atlas. Hersham: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-3819-6.
- ^ "HS1 Sectional Appendix" (PDF). High Speed 1. May 2013. pp. A14. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
THAMES TUNNEL (3115m)
- ^ Haswell, C.K. (December 1969). "Thames Cable Tunnel". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 44 (4): 323–340. doi:10.1680/iicep.1969.7250.
- ^ Anon (May 1970). "Cables Down Under". Electronics & Power. 16 (5): 175. doi:10.1049/ep.1970.0161 – via IEEE Xplore.
- ^ N'Kaoua, J; Pope, CW; Henson, DA. "A parametric study into the factors affecting the development and alleviation of micro-pressure waves in railway tunnels". The Fluid Engineering Centre. Mott MacDonald Ltd. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.621.9034.
- ^ Bardsley 1960, p. 7.
- ^ Cold-War History in Manchester Archived 10 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d Phil Deaves (Subeditor of The Railway Observer). "Railway tunnel lengths". Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ^ Nick Hurrell. "The Railway through Micheldever". Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ^ "Elstree - St John's Wood cable tunnel" (PDF).
- ^ "Baldock bypass: it's open!". bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "HS1 Sectional Appendix" (PDF). High Speed 1. May 2013. p. A22. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
ASHFORD CUT AND COVER TUNNEL (1562m)
- ^ a b c Railway People article on the repair work to the 3 tunnels, accessed 15 May 2008
- ^ Barham Kent Archived 20 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 15 May 2008
- ^ Network Rail (6 June 2015). Kent Sussex Wessex Route Sectional Appendix. Vol. Module KSW2. p. 274.
- ^ "Grove Tunnel – Subterranea Britannica". www.subbrit.org.uk. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ Page on construction of tunnel Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 15 May 2008
- ^ Dumbleton, MJ; et al. (1978). "Site investigation aspects of the River Medway cable tunnels" (PDF). Transport and road research laboratory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
- ^ Kent Rail's page on Shakespeare Cliff Halt, accessed 15 May 2008
- ^ Graham Martin, From Vision to Reality: the Making of the University of Kent at Canterbury (University of Kent at Canterbury, 1990) pages 225-231 ISBN 0-904938-03-4
- ^ a b c "East Lancashire Historical Community Railways" (PDF). East Lancashire Community Rail Partnership. 8 August 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ a b Clarke, Mike (1994). The Leeds & Liverpool Canal: A History and Guide. Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing. p. 175. ISBN 1-85936-013-0.
- ^ Brennan, Joseph (4 May 2022). "When the railways met stately homes". Rail. No. 956. Peterborough: Bauer Media. p. 61. ISSN 0953-4563.
- ^ "Forgotten Relics of an Enterprising Age". Retrieved 3 May 2012.
- ^ Williams, Michael (2011). On the Slow Train Again: Twelve Great British Railway Journeys. Preface Publishing. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84809-285-3.
- ^ a b "The Road Tunnel Operator Association – Participants". The Road Tunnel Operator Association. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- ^ a b c "Building the Rail Tunnels". Crossrail. 2015. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ "Our work refurbishing Fore Street Tunnel - VVB Engineering". VVB - Electrical & Mechanical Designer and Contractor. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
- ^ "Mail Rail unofficial website". Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
- ^ "HS1 Sectional Appendix" (PDF). High Speed 1. May 2013. p. A10. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
LONDON TUNNEL 1 (7538m)
- ^ "HS1 Sectional Appendix" (PDF). High Speed 1. May 2013. p. A12. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
LONDON TUNNEL 2 (10120m)
- ^ "HS1 Sectional Appendix" (PDF). High Speed 1. May 2013. p. A11. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
TEMPLE MILLS TUNNEL (300m)
- ^ "HS1 Sectional Appendix" (PDF). High Speed 1. May 2013. p. A16. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
PEPPER HILL TUNNEL (515m)
- ^ "Rotherhithe Tunnel Traffic". LondonTrafic. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
- ^ "Chesterfield Canal Trust – Official website". www.chesterfield-canal-trust.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 June 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ "Mansfield Road Tunnel". forgottenrelics.co.uk.
- ^ a b Calpcott, Kevin (10 August 2007). "Windsor Hill". Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway. Archived from the original on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ a b "Bowlish, Spring Walk – 3.5 mls". Shepton Mallett Town Council. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
- ^ Capper I (2010). "Betchworth Tunnel". TQ1849. Geograph Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ^ Beechcroft G (2009). "Mickleham Tunnel". Railway Structures. Southern E-Group. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
- ^ Quail Map Company (1 September 2002). Railway Track diagrams. Vol. 5 England South. p. 15A.
- ^ "Reigate Road Tunnel – Subterranea Britannica". www.subbrit.org.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ "Reigate Tunnel". Roads.org.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ Williams G (2011). "Railway Stations and Church Names". Glyn's Trains. sinfin.net. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ "Fenny Compton Tunnel".
- ^ "Redditch Raily History". Redditch Model Railway Club. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
- ^ "Gildersome Tunnel". www.forgottenrelics.co.uk. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
- ^ "Well Heads Tunnel". www.forgottenrelics.co.uk. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d "Tunnels". North Wales Trunk Road Agency. 2011. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
- ^ "History of the Railway". Castlerock Community Association. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
- ^ "1845–1861 Londonderry and Coleraine Railway". Retrieved 23 September 2010.
- ^ "Lissummon Railway tunnel". Retrieved 30 June 2013. [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Ireland's Disused Tunnels". Retrieved 19 August 2013. [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Closure of the 'Derry Road' a great loss to Ireland – Derry Journal". Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ^ "Sabre Road Lists".
Bibliography
[edit]- Alan Blower, British Railway Tunnels, (Ian Allan Ltd, 1964).
- J.C. Gagg, Book of Canal Tunnels, (J.Gagg, 1976), ISBN 0-9504226-2-2
- David Jacobs, Bridges, canals & tunnels, (Princeton, N.J, 1968).
- David J. Appleby, Allan C. Gilbert, and Stephen P. Samuel, Canal Tunnels of England and Wales, (Aylestone, 2001), ISBN 0-9540382-0-7
- Bardsley, James Rodney (1960). The railways of Bolton, 1824–1959. J.R.Bardsley. ASIN B0000CKNFN.