1990s line of RISC servers and workstations from IBM
The RISC System/6000 (RS/6000 ) is a family of RISC -based Unix servers , workstations and supercomputers made by IBM in the 1990s. The RS/6000 family replaced the IBM RT PC computer platform in February 1990 and is the first computer line to see the use of IBM's POWER and PowerPC based microprocessors. In October 2000, the RS/6000 brand was retired for POWER-based servers and replaced by the eServer pSeries . Workstations continued under the RS/6000 brand until 2002, when new POWER-based workstations were released under the IntelliStation POWER brand.
AIX RS/6000 servers running ibm.com in early 1998
The first RS/6000 models used the Micro Channel bus, later models used PCI . Some later models conformed to the PReP and CHRP standard platforms, which were co-developed with Apple and Motorola , with Open Firmware . The plan was to enable the RS/6000 to run multiple operating systems such as Windows NT , NetWare , OS/2 , Solaris , Taligent , AIX and Mac OS but in the end only IBM's Unix variant AIX was used and supported on RS/6000. Linux is widely used on CHRP based RS/6000s, but support was added after the RS/6000 name was changed to eServer pSeries in 2000.
The RS/6000 family also included the POWERserver servers, POWERstation workstations and Scalable POWERparallel supercomputer platform. While most machines were desktops, desksides, or rack-mounted, there were laptop models too. Famous RS/6000s include the PowerPC 604e -based Deep Blue supercomputer that beat world champion Garry Kasparov at chess in 1997, and the POWER3 -based ASCI White which was the fastest supercomputer in the world during 2000–2002.
Many RS/6000 and subsequent pSeries machines came with a service processor, which booted itself when power was applied and continuously ran its own firmware, independent of the operating system. The service processor could call a phone number (via a modem) in case of serious failure with the machine.[ 1] Early advertisements and documentation called the service processor "System Guard",[ 2] (or SystemGuard[ 3] ) although this name was apparently dropped later on, roughly around the same time that the simplified RS/6000 name was adopted for the computer line itself.
Late in the RS/6000 cycle, the service processor was "converged" with the one used on the AS/400 machines.[ 4]
POWER machines typically ran AIX . Solaris, OS/2 and Windows NT were also ported to PowerPC. Later Linux was also used.
Some AIX systems support IBM Web-based System Manager .
Some models were marketed under the RS/6000 POWERstation and POWERserver names.
Micro Channel-based lines [ edit ]
The early lines were based on an IBM proprietary Micro Channel architecture ; the same architecture that was used in the high end PS/2 x86 desktop line. MCA-based lines were produced until 1999.
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced[ 5]
Discontinued[ 5]
41T
PowerPC 601
80
0 or 512 KB
16 to 256 MB
Desktop
1994-06-03[ 6]
1997-01-10[ 6]
41W
1997-07-18[ 7]
42T
PowerPC 604
120
0 or 512 KB
Up to 256 MB
Desktop
1995-06-19[ 8] [ 9]
1997-09-24[ 8] [ 9]
42W
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
M20
POWER1
33
none
16 to 64 MB
All-in-one
1993-02-02
1995-01-06
M2A [ 10]
POWER1
33
none
16 to 64 MB
All-in-one
1993-02-02
1994-10-26
These workstations were marketed under the PowerStation name.
RS/6000 C10 small server
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
C10
PowerPC 601
80
0 or 1 MB
16 to 256 MB
Desktop
1994-05-24
1997-07-18
C1L
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
C20
PowerPC 604
120
1 MB
16 to 256 MB
Desktop
1995-06-19
1998-01-30
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
150
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
160
PowerPC 603
66
?
8 MB
Xstation
?
?
220
PowerPC 604
120
?
32 MB
?
?
?
This type was for Xstations, IBM's line of X terminal .
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced[ 5]
Discontinued[ 5]
220
RSC
33
none
?
Slimline Desktop
1992-01-21
1995-01-06
22G
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
22W
POWER1
33
none
Up to 64 MB
?
1993-09-21
1996-10-25
223
?
?
?
Up to 64 MB
?
?
?
230
RSC
45
128 KB
?
Slimline Desktop
1993-05-18
1995-01-06
23E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
23S
POWER1
45
none
?
?
1993-05-18
1994-10-26
23T
POWER1
45
none
Up to 64 MB
?
1993-05-18
1994-10-26
23W
POWER1
45
none
Up to 64 MB
?
1993-05-18
1994-10-26
250
PowerPC 601
66/80 [ 11]
none
16 to 256 MB
Slimline Desktop
1993-09-21
1997-07-18
25E
PowerPC 601
66
?
16 to 256 MB
Planar upgrade (for 220 and 230 families)
?
?
25F
PowerPC 601
80[ 12]
?
16 to 256 MB
Planar upgrade (for 220, 230, and 66 MHz 250 families)
?
?
25S
PowerPC 601
66/80
?
Up to 256 MB
?
1993-09-21
1996-10-25
25T
PowerPC 601
66/80
?
Up to 256 MB
?
1993-09-21
1997-07-18
25W
PowerPC 601
66/80
?
Up to 256 MB
?
1993-09-21
1996-10-25
RS/6000 type 7012-320
Type 7030 servers (model 3BT)
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced[ 5]
Discontinued[ 5]
Type 7012
320
POWER1
20
none
8 to 32 MB
Desktop
1990-02-15
1992-10-28
32E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
32T
POWER1
20
none
8 to 64 MB
Tower
?
1992-10-28
32H
POWER1
25
none
Up to 128 MB
Desktop
1991-03-12
1994-10-26
340
POWER1
33
none
Up to 256 MB
Desktop
1992-01-21
1994-11-04
34H
POWER1
41.6
none
Up to 256 MB
Desktop
1993-07-13
1994-10-26
34L
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
34R
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
350
POWER1
41
none
Up to 128 MB
Desktop
1992-01-21
1993-08-18
355
POWER1
41
none
?
?
1993-02-02
1994-10-26
35R
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
360
POWER1+
50
none
Up to 256 MB
Desktop
1993-02-02
1994-11-04
365
POWER1+
50
none
Up to 128 MB
Desktop
1993-02-02
1994-10-26
36T
POWER1+
50
none
Up to 256 MB
?
1993-05-18
1994-10-26
370
POWER1++
62.5
none
Up to 256 MB
?
1993-02-02
1996-05-20
375
POWER1++
62.5
none
Up to 128 MB
?
1993-02-02
1994-10-26
37T
POWER1++
62.5
none
Up to 256 MB
?
1993-05-18
1996-05-20
380
POWER2+
59
none/0.5/1 MB
32 to 512 MB
Desktop
1994-05-24
1996-05-20
390
POWER2+
67
1 MB
32 to 512 MB
Desktop
1994-05-24
1997-07-18
397
P2SC
160
?
128 to 1024 MB
Desktop
1997-10-06
1999-03-19
39H
POWER2
67
none/1/2 MB[ 13]
64 to 512 MB
Desktop
1995-02-07
1998-01-30
39T
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
G02
?
?
?
?
Tower
?
?
G30
PowerPC 601 (2 or 4)
75
?
32 to 512 MB
Tower[ 12]
1994-10-04
1996-10-23
G40
PowerPC 604 (2 or 4)
112
0.5 MB per CPU[ 14]
64 MB to 1 GB
Tower
1996-07-23
1998-01-08
type 7030
355
POWER1
41
?
?
?
?
?
375
POWER1++
62.5
?
?
?
?
?
37T
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
397
P2SC
160
?
?
Desktop
1997-10-06
1999-01-19
3AT
POWER2+
59
none
32 to 512 MB
Desktop
1994-05-24
1997-01-10
3BT
POWER2+
67
0.5 or 1 MB
32 to 512 MB
Desktop
1994-05-24
1998-01-08
3CT
POWER2
67
none/1/2 MB[ 15]
64 to 512 MB
Desktop
1995-02-07
1998-01-08
The 380, 390, and 39H servers correspond to the 3AT, 3BT, and 3CT workstations.
Early RS/6000 7013
RS/6000 7013 J-series
The 7016-730 model was a version of 7013-530 model, but with licensed by Silicon Graphics graphics card.[ 16]
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced[ 5]
Discontinued[ 5]
Type 7013
520
POWER1
20
none
8 to 128 MB
Deskside
1990-02-15
1992-04-21
52E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
52H
POWER1
25
none
Up to 512 MB
Deskside
1992-01-21
1995-01-06
530
POWER1
25
none
16 to 128 MB
Deskside
1990-02-15
1992-01-02
53H
POWER1
33
none
32 to 512 MB HD3 (33 MHz)
Deskside
1991-10-02
1993-08-18
53E
POWER1 [ 17]
33
none
32 to 512 MB HD3 (33 MHz)
Deskside
1992-01-21
?
540
POWER1
30
none
64 to 256 MB
Deskside
1990-02-15
1992-01-02
550
POWER1
41.6
none
64 MB to 1 GB
Deskside
1990-10-30
1993-08-18
55E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
55L
POWER1
41.6
none
Up to 256 MB
Deskside
1993-05-18
1994-10-26
55S
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
560
POWER1+
50
none
Up to 1 GB
Deskside
1992-01-21
1993-12-21
56F
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
570
POWER1+
50
none
Up to 1 GB
Deskside
1993-02-02
1996-05-20
571
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
57F
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
57L
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
580
POWER1++
62.5
none
64 MB to 1 GB
Deskside
1992-09-22
1996-05-20
58F
POWER1++ [ 18]
62.5
none
64 MB to 1 GB
Deskside
1992-11-27
?
58H
POWER2
55.6
none
64 MB to 2 GB
Deskside
1993-09-21
1996-10-25
590
POWER2
66.7
none
64 MB to 2 GB
Deskside
1993-09-21
1997-09-24
591
POWER2
77
none
64 MB to 2 GB
Deskside
1995-07-25
1997-07-18
595
P2SC
135
none
64 MB to 2 GB
Deskside
1996-10-08
1999-01-08
59H
POWER2+
66.7
1 MB
64 MB to 2 GB
Deskside
1994-05-24
1997-01-10
J01
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
J30
PowerPC 601 (2 or 4)
75
?
128 MB to 2 GB
Deskside
1994-10-04
1996-10-23
J40
PowerPC 604 (2 to 8)
112
1 MB
128 MB to 2 GB
Deskside
1996-08-30
1998-01-08
J50
PowerPC 604e (2 to 8)
200
?
?
Deskside
1997-04-30
1999-01-08
Type 7016
730
POWER1
25
none
16 to 128 MB
Deskside
1990
?
731
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Uses a IBM 9309 Rack Enclosure; this a first generation RS/6000 server running AIX. These units were configured by IBM as experimental "NSS" ("Network Switching Subsystem") routers, and used on the NSFnet T3 backbone in the early/mid-90s.
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced[ 5]
Discontinued[ 5]
920
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
930
POWER1
25
none
16 to 128 MB
Rack tower
1990-02-15
1992-07-15
950
POWER1
41
?
Up to 512 MB
Rack tower
1991-05-07
1993-12-21
95E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
960
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
970
POWER1+
50
?
Up to 1 GB
Rack tower
1992-04-21
1993-08-18
97B
POWER1+
50
?
?
Rack tower
1993-02-02
1995-01-06
97E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
97F
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
980
POWER1++
62.5
none
Up to 1 GB
Rack tower
1992-09-22
1993-08-18
98B
POWER1++
62.5
?
?
Rack tower
1993-02-02
1996-05-20
98E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
98F
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
990
POWER2
71.5
none
128 MB to 2 GB
Rack tower
1993-09-21
1996-05-20
99E
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
99F
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
99J
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
99K
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
R10
POWER1+
50
none
128 MB to 1 GB
6U racks
1994-05-24
1996-05-20
R20
POWER2+
66
1 MB
128 MB to 2 GB
6U racks
1994-05-24
1998-01-30
R21
POWER2
77
?
?
6U racks
1995-07-25
1996-10-25
R24
POWER2+
71.5
2 MB
128 MB to 2 GB
10U racks
1994-05-24
1998-01-30
R30
PowerPC 601 (2 or 4)
75
?
128 MB to 2 GB
6U racks
1994-10-04
1996-10-23
R40
PowerPC 604 (2 to 8)
112
?
128 MB to 2 GB
6U racks
1996-07-23
1998-01-08
R4U
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
R50
PowerPC 604e (2 to 8)
200
?
Up to 4 GB
6U racks
1997-04-15
2000-08-15
R5U
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Produced since 1994 until the time were the RS/6000 line was rebranded to System P.
Model
CPU
# of CPUs
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
S70
RS64
4, 8 or 12
125
?
?
2+ racks
1997-10-31
1999-12-13
RS64-II
262
?
?
1998-10-05
S7A
RS64-II
4 to 12
262
8 MB
1 to 32 GB
2+ racks
1998-10-23
2000-12-01
S80
RS64-III [ 19]
6 to 24
450[ 19]
8 MB[ 19]
2 to 64 GB[ 19]
2+ racks[ 19]
1999-09-24
2001-08-31
S85
RS64-III / IV
4 to 24
450/600
8/16 MB
2 to 96 GB
Racks
2000-11-17
?
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
0U0
PowerPC 601
66
?
?
Desktop
1994-10-04
1996-01-19
40P[ 20]
PowerPC 601
66
?
16 to 192 MB
Desktop
?
?
B1B
PowerPC 601
66
?
?
Desktop
1994-10-04
1996-01-19
B1C
PowerPC 601
66
?
?
Desktop
1994-10-04
1996-01-19
D1D
PowerPC 601
66
?
?
Desktop
1994-10-04
1996-01-19
D2D
PowerPC 601
66
?
?
Desktop
1994-10-04
1996-01-19
D4E
?
?
?
?
Desktop
1995-02-07
1996-01-19
SPE
PowerPC 601
66
?
?
Desktop
1994-10-04
1996-01-19
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
E20
PowerPC 604
100/133
512 KB
16 to 512 MB
Tower
1995-10-10
1997-07-18
PowerPC 604e
233
1997-04-??
?
E30
PowerPC 604
133/166
?
64 to 1024 MB
Tower
1996-04-23
1999-03-19
PowerPC 604e
233
1997-04-??
1999-03-19
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
F30
PowerPC 604
133/166
?
Up to 1 GB
Tower
1996-02-20
1998-01-08
F40
PowerPC 604e (1 or 2)
166/233
?
Up to 1 GB
Tower
1996-10-08
2000-05-08
F50
PowerPC 604e (1 to 4)
166/332
256 KB
128 MB to 3 GB
Tower
1997-04-25[ 21]
2001-07-17[ 21]
F80 [ 22]
RS64-III (1 to 6)
450/500
2/4 MB (SMP)
8/16 GB (SMP)
Deskside[ 22]
2000-05-09
2001-07-13
F85
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
An H70 Enterprise Server rack, 2001
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
H10
PowerPC 604e (1 or 2)
166/233
?
Up to 1 GB
7U racks
1997-02-14
1998-02-27
H50
PowerPC 604e (1 to 4)
332
?
Up to 3 GB
8U racks
1998-02-20
2000-12-01
H70
RS64-II (1 to 4)
340
?
Up to 8 GB
8U racks
1999-04-23
2001-07-17
H80
RS64-III/IV (1 to 6)
450/500
?
Up to 16 GB
5U racks
2000-06-09
2001-07-13
M80
RS64-III/IV (2 to 8)
500/750
?
?
8U racks
2000-06-09
2002-01-31
B80
?
?
?
?
5U racks
?
?
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
Type 7248
43P
PowerPC 604
100/120/132/166[ 23]
256/512 KB
16 to 192 MB
Desktop
1995-06-19
1997-07-18
Type 7043
43P-140
PowerPC 604e
166/200/233/332
1 MB
32 to 768 MB
Desktop
1996-10-08
2000-12-01
43P-150
PowerPC 604e
250/375
1 MB
64 MB to 1 GB
Desktop
1998-10-05
2003-12-12
43P-240
PowerPC 604e (1 or 2)
166/233
512 KB/1 MB per CPU[ 24]
64 MB to 1 GB
Desktop
1996-10-08
1999-03-19
43P-260
POWER3 (1 or 2)
200
4 MB per CPU
128 MB to 4 GB
Tower
1998-10-05
2000-12-01
43P-270[ 25] [ 26]
POWER3-II (up to 4)
200/375/450
4/8 MB per CPU
up to 8 GB
Tower
2000-02-25
2003-09-12
IBM RS6000 44P: model 170 and model 270
Dual 375 MHz IBM POWER3-II processors on the CPU module of a RS/6000 44P 270
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
44P-170
POWER3-II
333/400/450
1/4/8 MB
256 MB to 2 GB
Tower
2000-02-07
2003-12-12
44P-270[ 27]
POWER3-II (Up to 4)
375/450
4/8 MB
256 MB to 16 GB
Tower
2000-02-07
2003-09-12
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
B50
PowerPC 604e
375
1 MB
Up to 1 GB
2U racks
1999-09-13
2003-09-12
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
F3L[ 28]
PowerPC 604
133
512 KB
32 to 960 MB
17U racks
1996-10-08
1999-12-13
PowerPC 604e
166
1 MB
32 MB to 1 GB
233
512 KB
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
N40
PowerPC 601
50
?
16 to 64 MB[ 29]
Laptop
1994-03-08
1997-06-30
The Model N40 was a PowerPC-based laptop developed and manufactured by Tadpole Technology in conjunction with IBM.[ 30] It was released on 25 March 1994, priced at US$12,000. The internal batteries could power the system for 45 minutes only and an external battery pack that lasted for 4 hours was available for this reason.[ 31]
Model
CPU
MHz
L2/L3 Cache
Memory
Enclosure
Introduced
Discontinued
851
PowerPC 603e
100
256 KB
32 to 96 MB
Laptop
1996-02-20
1996-11-08
860[ 32]
PowerPC 603e
166
256 KB
32 to 96 MB
Laptop
1996-10-08
1998-01-30
Preceded by
IBM RS/6000 1990 - 2000
Succeeded by
^ RS/6000 Enterprise Server Model M80, Eserver pSeries 660 Model 6M1. Service Guide , p. 69
^ IDG Enterprise (3 April 1995). Computerworld . IDG Enterprise. p. 61. ISSN 0010-4841 .
^ IBM RISC System/6000 SMP Servers Architecture and Implementation (PDF) . IBM. November 1995. SG24-2583-00. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2015.
^ "REDP0195.book" (PDF) . Csee.umbc.edu . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ a b c d e f g h i j "RS/6000 Machine Type Models" . Archive.rootvg.net . Archived from the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 2016-09-10 .
^ a b "7006-41T IBM RS/6000 Model 41T" . www-01.ibm.com . 14 September 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2020 .
^ "7006-41W IBM RS/6000 Model 41W" . www-01.ibm.com . 14 September 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2020 .
^ a b "7006-42T IBM RS/6000 Workstation Model 42T" . www-01.ibm.com . 14 September 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2020 .
^ a b "7006-42W IBM RS/6000 Workstation Model 42W" . www-01.ibm.com . 8 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020 .
^ "Powerstation * 16MB, Graphics, 33MHz, desktop, S.Hem" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "7011-250 IBM RS/6000 Model 250" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ a b "How can I get the clock speed of an AIX machine? (Text of DW7410)" . Sdsc.edu . Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 2016-09-10 .
^ "7012-39H IBM RS/6000 Model 39H" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "7012-G40 IBM RS/6000 Enterprise Server Model G40" . www-01.ibm.com . 11 February 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2021 .
^ "7030-3CT IBM RS/6000 Model 3CT" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ Name (15 February 1990). "IBM'S RS/6000 ANNOUNCEMENTS" . Tech Monitor . Retrieved 17 October 2021 .
^ Model 53E is a special designation for Models 520 and 52H converted to 53H functionality (33 MHz Processor and 33 MHz memory) as on-site upgrade. See US Announcement Letter 192-005 Archived 7 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
^ Model 58F is a special designation for Models 530H, 550 and 560 converted to Model 580 functionality (62.5 MHz Processor) as on-site upgrade. See US Announcement Letter C92-016 Archived 7 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
^ a b c d e The RS/6000 Enterprise Server Model S80 Technology and Architecture. IBM.
^ "IBM RISC SYSTEM/6000 MODEL 40P ENTRY WORKSTATION" . www.ibm.com . 4 October 1994. Retrieved 17 October 2021 .
^ a b "7025-F50 IBM RS/6000 Server Model F50" . 01.ibm.com . Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 2016-09-10 .
^ a b Stephen Lutz; Shyam Manohar; Scott Vetter (9 May 2000). "RS/6000 7025 Model F80 Technical Overview and Introduction" (PDF) . IBM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2011.
^ "EMEA - IBM RS/6000 43P Series Model 132" . 01.ibm.com . 5 October 2004. Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "7043-240 IBM RS/6000 43P Model 240" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "7043-270 IBM RS/6000 7043 Model 270" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "Workstation/Entry Server * Power3 II 375MHz, 1-4way SMP, 256MB" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "7044-270 IBM RS/6000 Model 270" . 01.ibm.com . 7 June 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "7317-F3L IBM RS/6000 Telecommunications Server Model F3L" . 01.ibm.com . Retrieved 10 September 2016 .
^ "7007-N40" . Archived from the original on 13 July 2011.
^ Nadel, Brian (31 May 1994). "RISC Workstations on the Go" . PC Magazine . Vol. 13, no. 10. p. 137.
^ "IBM RISC System/6000 N40 Notebook Workstation" . Archived from the original on 28 March 2018.
^ "Category:860 - ThinkWiki" . www.thinkwiki.org . Retrieved 11 December 2020 .
General