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No country recognizes Artsakh, no point is stating that Azerbaijan does not recognize it. also source does not support that Azerbaijan promised and then dismissed status
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==Background==
==Background==
The [[Republic of Artsakh]] is a [[Breakaway state|self-declared de facto state]] populated by ethnic Armenians within Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan does not recognize the sovereign status of Artsakh and, since the [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War|2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]], it no longer promises any special status or autonomy to its ethnically Armenian residents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aliyev Again Rules Out Status For Karabakh Armenians |url=https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31985659.html |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան |language=hy}}</ref>
The [[Republic of Artsakh]] is a [[Breakaway state|self-declared de facto state]] populated by ethnic Armenians within Azerbaijan.


Because the Lachin Corridor remains the only transportation route in and out of Artsakh, it has been often described as an essential "lifeline" to Artsakh residents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=Azerbaijan: Nagorno-Karabakh Lifeline Road Blocked |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/12/21/azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-lifeline-road-blocked |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite journal |last=Kolstø |first=Pål |last2=Blakkisrud |first2=Helge |date=2008-05-01 |title=Living with Non-recognition: State- and Nation-building in South Caucasian Quasi-states |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130801948158 |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=483–509, 14 |doi=10.1080/09668130801948158 |issn=0966-8136}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fears of civilian exodus rise as Azerbaijan advances in Karabakh {{!}} Eurasianet |url=https://eurasianet.org/fears-of-civilian-exodus-rise-as-azerbaijan-advances-in-karabakh |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=eurasianet.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kolosov |first=Vladimir A. |last2=Zotova |first2=Maria V. |date=2020-03-31 |title=Multiple borders of Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/1032 |journal=GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=84–91 |doi=10.24057/2071-9388-2020-04 |issn=2542-1565}}</ref> In 2017, a second highway was built between Artsakh and Armenia (the Vardenis – Martakert highway) but this alternative route has not been operational since Azerbaijan took control of the section between Dadivank and Martakert during [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War|the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-08 |title=Millions of Dollars of Infrastructure Lost in the Karabakh War |url=https://www.civilnet.am/news/474786/millions-of-dollars-of-infrastructure-lost-in-the-karabakh-war/?lang=en |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=CIVILNET |language=en-US}}</ref> Regular air transit in and out of Artsakh has not existed since the airport in Stepanekert was closed in 1990.<ref name=":522">{{Cite journal |last=Kolstø |first=Pål |last2=Blakkisrud |first2=Helge |date=2008-05-01 |title=Living with Non-recognition: State- and Nation-building in South Caucasian Quasi-states |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130801948158 |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=483–509, 14 |doi=10.1080/09668130801948158 |issn=0966-8136}}</ref>
Because the Lachin Corridor remains the only transportation route in and out of Artsakh, it has been often described as an essential "lifeline" to Artsakh residents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=Azerbaijan: Nagorno-Karabakh Lifeline Road Blocked |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/12/21/azerbaijan-nagorno-karabakh-lifeline-road-blocked |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite journal |last=Kolstø |first=Pål |last2=Blakkisrud |first2=Helge |date=2008-05-01 |title=Living with Non-recognition: State- and Nation-building in South Caucasian Quasi-states |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130801948158 |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=483–509, 14 |doi=10.1080/09668130801948158 |issn=0966-8136}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fears of civilian exodus rise as Azerbaijan advances in Karabakh {{!}} Eurasianet |url=https://eurasianet.org/fears-of-civilian-exodus-rise-as-azerbaijan-advances-in-karabakh |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=eurasianet.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kolosov |first=Vladimir A. |last2=Zotova |first2=Maria V. |date=2020-03-31 |title=Multiple borders of Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/1032 |journal=GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=84–91 |doi=10.24057/2071-9388-2020-04 |issn=2542-1565}}</ref> In 2017, a second highway was built between Artsakh and Armenia (the Vardenis – Martakert highway) but this alternative route has not been operational since Azerbaijan took control of the section between Dadivank and Martakert during [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War|the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-08 |title=Millions of Dollars of Infrastructure Lost in the Karabakh War |url=https://www.civilnet.am/news/474786/millions-of-dollars-of-infrastructure-lost-in-the-karabakh-war/?lang=en |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=CIVILNET |language=en-US}}</ref> Regular air transit in and out of Artsakh has not existed since the airport in Stepanekert was closed in 1990.<ref name=":522">{{Cite journal |last=Kolstø |first=Pål |last2=Blakkisrud |first2=Helge |date=2008-05-01 |title=Living with Non-recognition: State- and Nation-building in South Caucasian Quasi-states |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130801948158 |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=483–509, 14 |doi=10.1080/09668130801948158 |issn=0966-8136}}</ref>

Revision as of 13:46, 2 January 2023

2022 blockade of the Republic of Artsakh
Part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Azerbaijanis blockading entry and exit out of Artsakh on 17 December
Date12 December 2022 – present
(1 year, 5 months and 3 weeks)
Location
Lachin corridor and Shusha

39°45′08″N 46°43′42″E / 39.7521209°N 46.7282592°E / 39.7521209; 46.7282592
MethodsDemonstrations, sit-ins
StatusOngoing
Parties

Azerbaijan Azerbaijani "environmental activists"[1] (according to Azerbaijan)

 Azerbaijan
Lead figures

No centralized leadership

Russia Andrey Volkov[2]

-

Casualties and losses
-
-
1 civilian death as a result of the blockade[3]

The ongoing 2022 blockade of the Republic of Artsakh began on 12 December 2022, with Azerbaijanis blocking the only remaining road in and out of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The area blockaded is the Shusha–Dashalty intersection, which is under the mandate of the Russian Federation peacekeeping mission. Azerbaijan claims the people blocking the corridor are "environmental activists,"[1][4] although the authenticity of this claim is under scrutiny as they have little to no record of eco-activism,[5] work for Azeri state organs,[6][7] and display ethno-nationalist symbols and slogans.[8][9] Freedom of assembly is also not a right freely exercised in Azerbaijan.[10][11][12][13][14] The individuals involved in the blockade have since added the demand that Azerbaijan establish state control over the Lachin Corridor.[15][16] Artsakh officials have proposed the involvement of international environmental inspectors as a solution;[17][18] however, Azeri officials refuse to communicate with Artsakh representatives[19] and demand entry of Azeri inspectors as a condition for lifting the blockade.[20] In the first days of the blockade (between 13 and 16 December), Azerbaijan cut off the gas supply to Artsakh.[21][1][22][23]

Several countries, international organizations, and political analysts have condemned the blockade or implied that Azerbaijan is deliberately orchestrating the crisis as part of its ongoing conflict with Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh.[24][19][25] The blockade is considered to be a violation of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement which stipulates that Azerbaijan guarantee the security of people and cargo moving along the Lachin Corridor in both directions.[26][19] The blockade has created a humanitarian crisis in the Republic of Artsakh due to the loss of regular supplies of food, fuel and medicine.[27][19]

Background

The Republic of Artsakh is a self-declared de facto state populated by ethnic Armenians within Azerbaijan.

Because the Lachin Corridor remains the only transportation route in and out of Artsakh, it has been often described as an essential "lifeline" to Artsakh residents.[28][29][30][31] In 2017, a second highway was built between Artsakh and Armenia (the Vardenis – Martakert highway) but this alternative route has not been operational since Azerbaijan took control of the section between Dadivank and Martakert during the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War.[32] Regular air transit in and out of Artsakh has not existed since the airport in Stepanekert was closed in 1990.[33]

The ongoing 2022 blockade of Artsakh is the second time the region was blockaded by Azerbaijan; the first blockade lasted for 4 years (August 1988 to May 1992)[34] as part of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

During the winter of 1991–1992 Stepanakert, the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh was blockaded by Azerbaijani forces and many civilian targets in the city were intentionally bombarded by artillery and aircraft.[35] The bombardment of Stepanakert and adjacent Armenian-held towns and villages during the blockade caused widespread destruction.[36]

On August 26 2020, Azerbaijan took control over the village of Lachin and the villages surrounding the Lachin corridor as per the 2020 ceasefire agreement. Between May 2021 and September 2022, Azerbaijani forces initiated several incursions into the Republic of Armenia including areas around the Lachin corridor.

The second case of blockade of Artsakh took place in 2022. In November 2022, a senior Azerbaijani official reported to Eurasianet "What if we were to install a [border] post at the entrance of Lachin and finish the whole process? How can you breathe with no air?"[37]

Two weeks before the 2022 blockade started, the prime minister of Armenia said amid a cabinet meeting "Azerbaijan's president is trying to come up with bogus excuses for closing the Lachin corridor and for blockading the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh and for their genocide and expulsion."[38]

Blockade

Signs used by "eco-activists" during the blockade
Armenians protesting in front of the UN office in Yerevan

On 3 December, Artsakh information headquarters reported that a group of Azerbaijanis blocked the Lachin corridor between Stepanakert and Gorisat at the intersection around Shusha–Dashalty.[39] After the road was closed for 4 hours, it was opened, but Azerbaijan announced that it is sending specialists to the location of the Russian peacekeepers.[40]

On 10 December, the Ministries of Economy and Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan issued a joint statement, according to which Azerbaijan is starting environmental observations in the territory of the Republic of Artsakh.[41] On the same day, a group of Azerbaijanis tried to enter the Kashen mine, but the mine's security staff did not allow it.[42][43]

On the morning of 12 December, a group of Azerbaijanis who call themselves environmentalists blocked the only road connecting Armenia to Artsakh. According to the group, they are protesting against the actions of Russian peacekeepers who allegedly cover up the unlawful exploitation of mineral deposits in the territories they control.[1][44] After some time, the individuals involved in the blockade placed tents in the middle of the road.[1] According to Azerbaijani media, environmental non-governmental groups, protesting after being denied access to the Drombon and Kashin mines, demand meeting with the commander of the Russian peacekeepers, Andrei Volkov.[2] Whether these are real eco-activists or not is still an open question.[1] Judging by the video from the scene, among the individuals blocking the corridor are employees of state-owned companies and even, as the BBC Azerbaijan Service reports, workers from Turkish companies.[1] Outwardly, the action looks more political than environmental.[1] For example, the participants carried a large flag of Azerbaijan, many of them wrapped in the national flag. Several women wear fur coats at the protests, which gives additional reason to doubt that the participants are related to the eco-movement.[1] Nationalist slogans have taken the place of environmental ones, and several of the demonstrators have been photographed making the hand symbol of the Turkish far-right organization, the Gray Wolves.[5][19]

On the fourth day of the blockade, the individuals involved added to their list of demands "restoration of control by all state structures of Azerbaijan, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Border Service, and the State Customs Committee" along the Lachin Corridor.[45]

Human Rights Watch reported that Russian peacekeeping forces "also barricaded the road to prevent further escalation of the situation if the people gathered were to advance to the mines in the Nagorno-Karabakh-held areas", while Azerbaijan denies that it is responsible for closing the road.[46]

On the evening of 13 December, Azerbaijan moved internal troops and police forces to the closed section of the road.[47] According to the Azerbaijani media, military and police officers of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan arrived to the area of the protests to "ensure the security of the participants of the action"[48]

On December 25, tens of thousands of Artsakh residents rallied in the capital Stepanekert in protest of the blockade.[49][50]

On December 28, Artsakh authorities halted mining operations at Kashen, pending an "international ecological examination” to disprove Azerbaijani claims of environmental damage.[51] The Kashen mine, operated by Base Metals, is Artsakh's largest corporate taxpayer and private employer.[51]

On December 29, the prime minister criticized the Russian peacekeeping forces for not maintaining open transport in and out of Artsakh and suggested the role be delegated to a United Nations peacekeeping mission.[52]

Humanitarian crisis

ICRC vehicles transporting a patient in need of urgent medical assistance[53]

The blockade is creating a humanitarian crisis due to the Republic of Artsakh losing regular supplies of food, fuel and medicine.[27][19] The Ministry of Health of Artsakh reported that as a result of the blockade, the transfer of Artsakh citizens with serious health problems to Yerevan remains impossible.[54][55]

According to the Artsakh human rights defender, due to the closure of the Artsakh-Armenia road on the night of 12 December 1100 people were left on the roads in cold winter conditions, including 270 children.[56]

The information headquarters of Artsakh reports that as a result of the blocking of the only road connecting Artsakh to Armenia, Mets Shen, Hin Shen, Yeghtsahogh and Lisagor communities of Shushi Province are actually surrounded. It has become impossible to deliver food, particularly bread and flour, as well as other basic necessities to these communities.[57]

On December 13, Azerbaijan cut off the gas supply from Armenia to Artsakh.[21][1] Azerbaijani Gas Supply Agency "Azeriqaz" denied any kind of involvement on gas supply interruption.[22] On December 16 Artsakh officials reported that gas supply was restored.[23]

On December 16, Azerbaijan announced that it created a hotline for assisting the Armenian population of Karabakh. On December 19, several International Committee of the Red Cross vehicles passed through the corridor, ICRC reporting that it facilitated the transfer of a patient in need of urgent medical assistance across Lachin road to Armenia.[53] Azerbaijan's Foreign Ministry issued a statement stating that humanitarian needs would be met.[5] According to HRW, which refers to some media reports, several Russian peacekeeping trucks that allegedly contained humanitarian goods were allowed to pass, although it is unclear for whom the goods are intended.[46] Artsakh Human Rights ombudsman Gegham Stepanyan told HRW that the goods were not for the public in Nagorno-Karabakh.[46] The road remains closed for the general public and transportation of goods.[46]

Artsakh healthcare authorities reported that a patient requiring life-saving treatment had died as a result of Azerbaijan's blockade of the Lachin Corridor.[58][59]

On 25 December 2022, a truck of the International Committee of the Red Cross delivered through the Lachin corridor from Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh 10 tons of humanitarian cargo, consisting of medicine, baby food and medical supplies. Previously, ICRC transferred four foreign nationals, who suffered from chronic diseases, from Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia.[60][61] As outlined in the joint report by Armenia and Artsakh Human Rights Defenders "Artsakh heavily relies on the supply of foodstuffs from Armenia to satisfy its local demand".[62] According to Human Rights Defender Gegham Stepanyan, over 400 tons of 'essential' goods, 'including grain, flour, vegetables, fruits' used to be imported from Armenia daily.[63]

According to JAMnews, on 28 December 2022, 45 trucks of the Russian peacekeeping contingent drove along the Lachin corridor from Armenia in the direction of Stepanakert.[64]

Lawsuits

Armenia has applied to the International Court of Justice with a request to apply interim measures and oblige Azerbaijan to stop organizing and supporting the alleged "demonstrations" that have blocked free movement in both directions through the Lachin corridor.[65]

Reactions

Soldiers of the peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Defense Ministry during the blockade

Numerous countries, international organizations, and political analysts have condemned the blockade or implied that Azerbaijan is deliberately orchestrating the crisis as an attempt to take control over Artsakh.[66][19][67] Thomas de Waal, a political analyst and author of several books on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, wrote that the environmental activists were "evidently sent there by the [Azerbaijani] government" and are comparable to the "Little Green Men" used by Russia to occupy Crimea in 2014.[68] Commenting on the blockade, Political expert Agshin Kerimov predicts "the process will end with the establishment of Baku's sovereign rights over the entire territory of Karabakh."[69] The director of an influential Azeri political think tank, Rusif Huseynov said "The current standoff is a win-win situation for Baku...If...[Azeri] officials are allowed allowed into Karabakh and to inspect the mines, it would mean everyone, including the Russian peacekeepers and ‘Nagorno-Karabakh Republic’ leadership acknowledges and further legitimizes Azerbaijan`s sovereignty over the territory.”[70]

Ten different human rights organizations have issued a collective genocide warning: "All 14 risk factors for atrocity crimes identified by the UN Secretary-General's Office on Genocide Prevention are now present...The current Azerbaijani aggression against the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh conforms to a long pattern of ethnic and religious cleansing of Armenian and other Christian communities in the region by the government of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, and their partisans."[71]

Domestic

Demonstration in Yerevan demanding the opening of the Lachin corridor on 20 December.

International

  •  Armenia – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia stated that the provocative actions of Azerbaijan may lead to a large-scale humanitarian disaster[77] The prime minister of Armenia criticized Russian forces whose mandate is to secure transport in and out of the region as "becoming a silent witness to the depopulation of Nagorno-Karabakh."[78] Margaryan, Permanent Representative of Armenia, told the U.N. Security Council that “the ongoing blockade is not just one isolated case, but another demonstration of systematic violence used by the Azerbaijani authorities to subject the people of Nagorno-Karabakh to ethnic cleansing.”
  •  Brazil – Ambassador Filho called for open channels of dialogue and said "any obstruction jeopardizes the well-being of the people of Nagorno-Karabakh and threatens the reconciliation process between Armenia and Azerbaijan."[79]
  •  Canada – The Canadian Foreign Ministry calls on Azerbaijan to open the Lachin Corridor.[80]
  •  Cyprus – Cyprus calls on Azerbaijan to lift blockade of the Lachin corridor and restore gas supply.[81]
  •  Estonia – The Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed concern about the blockade which poses "severe human suffering of the local population in Nagorno Karabakh".[82]
  •  France – The French Foreign Ministry called for the unblocking of the Lachin Corridor without any conditions and to respect the rights of the Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh.[83]
  •  Germany – German Commissioner for Human Rights and Humanitarian Assistance called for the restoration of free movement of people, vehicles and goods on the Lachin Corridor as soon as possible, noting the risk of grave humanitarian effects for civilians in Nagorno-Karabakh.[84]
  •  Greece – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece called on the Azerbaijani authorities to ensure freedom and security of movement and transport without any preconditions, and that the local population should be spared from hardships and distress[85]
  •  Ireland - Ireland calls on Azerbaijan to immediately and unconditionally restore freedom and security in the Lachin Corridor.[86]
  •  Lithuania – The Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed concern about the continuing blockade of the Lachin Corridor, and its resulting severe humanitarian consequences for Nagorno-Karabakh[87]
  •  Netherlands – The Netherlands Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs called for the unblocking of the Lachin Corridor, and for Armenia and Azerbaijan to restart peace negotiations[88]
  •  Norway – The Minister of Foreign affairs Mona Juul called on Azerbaijan to guarantee safe movement across the Lachin Corridor: "It is in nobody's interest to trigger an avoidable humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh...The international community cannot just "weather the storm" in the hopes that [the situation] will go away"[79]
  •  Russia – Russian Foreign Affairs spokeswoman Maria Zakharova stated that "Russia's defence ministry and the Russian peacekeeping contingent have been actively working to de-escalate the situation and we expect full transport links to be restored in the very near future."[89]
  •  Spain - the Spanish Congress unanimously adopted a statement which "Calls on the Azerbaijani authorities to ensure the freedom and safety of movement along the corridor in accordance with the trilateral declaration of November 9, 2020. Restrictions on free movement cause great suffering to the population and can create a humanitarian crisis."[90][91]
  •  Turkey – The Ambassador of Turkey to Azerbaijan Cahit Bağcı, personally visited the blockade of the Lachin corridor, writing on Twitter, "Karabakh is Azerbaijan."[92]
  •  United States – United States Department of State spokesman Ned Price said that the closure of the corridor has serious humanitarian consequences and called on Azerbaijan to restore free movement through the Lachin corridor.[93][94] U.S. State Department Deputy Spokesperson Vedant Patel said on December 16 that closure of the Lachin Corridor has potentially severe humanitarian implications, calling for the restoration of free movement through the corridor as soon as possible.[95] Ambassador Robert A. Wood, Alternative Representative for Special Political Affairs, called on "the government of Azerbaijan and others responsible for the Corridor's security to restore free movement, including for humanitarian and commercial use, as soon as possible." during UN Security Council meeting on December 20, 2022.[96] On 22 December 2022, US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan expressed ongoing concern of the United States over impeded access to the Lachin Corridor and the growing humanitarian implications of this situation, calling to fully restore the free movement through the corridor.[97] Five USA congress members issued a separate statement: "It is disturbing that the only time the people of Azerbaijan are allowed to freely protest is when it threatens the lives of Armenia...We urge the United States and our European partners to use every diplomatic tool at their disposal to halt this clearly fabricated crisis created by Azerbaijan."
  •  Uruguay – Uruguay's Senate called for the end of the blockade of Artsakh by Azerbaijan putting an end to the harassment of the civilian population, and expressed solidarity with the people of Artsakh. [98][99][100]
  •  Vatican City – Pope Francis expressed concern about "precarious humanitarian conditions of the people, which are in further danger of deteriorating during the winter season," speaking of the "situation created in the Lachin Corridor in the South Caucasus."[101]

Supranational

European Union – "The EU calls on Azerbaijan to ensure freedom of movement, and that restrictions to such freedom of movement cause significant distress to the local population and creates humanitarian concerns."[102][103][104] PACE co-rapporteurs for the monitoring of Azerbaijan and Armenia also released a joint statement urging for urgent restoration of freedom of movement along the Lachin corridor.[105]

Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights issued a statement expressing concern about the situation around Nagorno-Karabakh caused by the blockade of the Lachin Corridor and demanding that "those responsible for maintaining public order and security of the Corridor should take all the necessary steps to restore movement along that road as a matter of urgency and prevent a deterioration of the humanitarian situation".[106] Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights Dunja Mijatović wrote on Dec 22, 2022 that "Movement along the Lachin Corridor should be restored as a matter of urgency to prevent a deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh".[107]

United Nations – The blockade of the Lachin corridor was discussed by the UN Security Council. All members of the Security Council who spoke called on Baku to ensure free and safe movement along the Lachin corridor. No resolution was adopted following the meeting, however.[108]

UNICEF appealed to ensure freedom and security of movement, stating that: "Children are being impacted by the virtual closure of access to Nagorno Karabakh via the Lachin corridor. The longer the situation persists, the more children will experience the lack of basic food items, while access to many of the essential services they need for their survival, healthy growth and wellbeing will become more challenging. Many children have also been deprived of parental care as they have been separated from their parents or legal guardians."[109]

Non-governmental organizations

The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention – The organization issued two "Red Flag Alerts" on Azerbaijan, describing the blockade as "a criminal act which intends to create terror and unbearable conditions of life for the population of Artsakh. These events are not isolated events; they are, instead, being committed within a larger genocidal pattern against Armenia and Armenians by the Azerbaijani regime."[110] The group also wrote "The genocidal intent of Baku has never been clearer and the actions carried out up to the moment highly predict this outcome."[111]

Christian Solidarity International – President John Eibner condemned the blockade by Azerbaijan, stating: "The process of the Armenian Genocide has been ongoing since the Ottoman massacres of the late nineteenth century. Now, by placing Nagorno-Karabakh under blockade, the dictatorship of Azerbaijan is clearly telegraphing its intent to carry out another phase of the Genocide".[112] CSI also released a statement: "CSI stands in solidarity with the Armenian Christians of Nagorno Karabakh. We support their right to govern themselves in their homeland, and we call on the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, and the Russian Federation to compel Azerbaijan to end the siege of Nagorno Karabakh."[113]

Aurora Humanitarian Initiative – Members of the Aurora Humanitarian Initiative condemned Azerbaijan's government for blocking the only road connecting Artsakh to Armenia, drawing parallels between the humanitarian crisis it created and the 1948 Berlin blockade by Soviet Union.[114]

World Medical Association – Dr. Frank Ulrich Montgomery, Chair of the WMA Council, urged the Azerbaijan Government to ensure safe access through the Lachine Corridor, a critical route for the delivery of vital food and medical supplies, to avoid this humanitarian crisis getting worse.[115]

Freedom House – The humans rights organization wrote "We call on the international community to reiterate its support for negotiations without coercion. Azerbaijan must cease its blockage of the Lachin corridor"[116]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Азербайджанские "активисты" блокируют дорогу из Карабаха в Армению. Одновременно в Карабахе пропал газ" [Azerbaijani "activists" are blocking the road from Karabakh to Armenia. At the same time, gas disappeared in Karabakh]. BBC.
  2. ^ a b "Մի խումբ ադրբեջանցիներ փակել են Ստեփանակերտ-Գորիս մայրուղին, վրաններ տեղադրել". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (in Armenian). Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  3. ^ Արցախում բուժօգնության կարիք ունեցող ծանր հիվանդներից մեկը մահացել է
  4. ^ "Armenia, Azerbaijan tensions rise over blocked road". news.yahoo.com. 15 December 2022.
  5. ^ a b c "Supplies begin to run low as Nagorno-Karabakh blockade continues". Eurasianet. 19 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  6. ^ "Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh enters second day | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  7. ^ "Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijani roadblock cuts off food". openDemocracy. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  8. ^ "Supplies begin to run low as Nagorno-Karabakh blockade continues | Eurasianet". eurasianet.org. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  9. ^ "Who Are The Azerbaijani Eco-Activists?". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան (in Armenian). Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  10. ^ "Inside Stepanakert As Azerbaijani Blockade Continues". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  11. ^ "Armenia Caucus Co-Chairs Issue Statement on Escalation of Azerbaijani Humanitarian Abuses in Artsakh". Congressman Frank Pallone. 13 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  12. ^ "Blocking Of Key Nagorno-Karabakh Artery Triggers Fresh Tensions Between Armenia And Azerbaijan". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
  13. ^ Human Rights Watch (10 December 2019), "Azerbaijan: Events of 2019", English, retrieved 22 December 2022
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Works cited

Reports
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1131086317&oldid=1130976681&title=2022%E2%80%932023_blockade_of_the_Republic_of_Artsakh&diffmode=source

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