—recognizing "the liberty of parents and guardians to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control

"The child is not the mere creature of the State; those who nurture him and direct his destiny have the right, coupled with the high duty, to recognize and prepare him for additional obligations."

For example, courts have held that parents have a right to send their children to private school, whether that school is religious or secular. Id

Thus, on the authority of Truax, a private school (A) was allowed to enjoin enforcement of a statute of Oregon (B) requiring parents (C) to send their children to public schools, and thereby interfering with the business of the private school

The Court emphasized that no question was raised concerning the power of the state reasonably to regulate all schools, and to inspect, supervise and examine the teachers and the pupils.

It is an established part of our constitutional jurisprudence that the term "liberty" in the Due Process Clause extends beyond freedom from physical restraint.

More specifically, the Supreme Court has noted its recognition of a fundamental liberty interest "to direct the education and upbringing of one's children."

This liberty interest encompasses parents' personal choices in family life beginning with their right to marry and conceive and extending to their right to control the education of their children and raise them according to the dictates of their religion.

—the State of Oregon had enacted a statute requiring all children of school age to attend public schools.