—x) Congress has no power to confer original jurisdiction on the supreme court, in other cases than those enumerated in this section.

It is therefore unfortunately vitally necessary, although trite, to recall that "the government of the United States has been emphatically termed a government of laws, and not of men

It emanates from a department of the executive, which rests its action upon the proceedings of the Commissioner, and over neither can this court have, under the Constitution, nor has it under the laws, any appellate jurisdiction or control.

—did not mean that judicial interpretation of constitutional provisions, of its own force, would bind political branches of government “[b] ut the judicial interpretation of the Constitution would only have such force as logic and persuasiveness might give it” 21.

The Supreme Court decision that established the High Court's power to review acts of Congress and declare invalid those it found in conflict with the Constitution.

The bills present neither a "case," nor a "controversy," within the meaning of the Federal Constitution.

"Certainly all those who have framed written constitutions contemplate them as forming the fundamental and paramount law of the nation, and consequently, the theory of every such government must be, that an act of the legislature, repugnant to the constitution, is void."

While ' '[i] t is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is,' '

Charles Warren, The Supreme Court in United States History, Vol. 1 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1926), 89. 26.

When the Senate has concurred and the "commission" is signed effect of the by the President, even before delivery, the appointment is com plete, and the officer has vested legal rights which cannot be resumed.