Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction

[Untitled][edit]

I have cleaned up this page. I have removed the text referring to the catholic organisation as it was of poor grammar and out of place - they have a separate entry which is referenced here, and also removed the disambiguation tag as I didn't think it was strictly correct.

More importantly, I have deleted a line that said "El Shaddai International Christian Center, a sect of The Church of Scientology". This was added by an unregistered user and had no supporting references. The only El Shaddai International Christian Centre (note English spelling of centre) I am aware of is a group of black pentecostal churches that began in Bradford, England. I am going to create a new entry for them as they are notable. Checking all hits on Google (using both spellings of centre) reveals no other organisation of this name. The Church of Scientology has beliefs that have no relation to traditional christian theology and is regarded by many as a cult. I can only assume that this line was added maliciously by someone with a grudge against the El Shaddai churches, and it was potentially libellous. Sidefall 08:34, 25 May 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Epithet?[edit]

I was curious as to why the term being related to a word meaning "to overpower" or "to destroy" would indicate that it an epithet? In the culture of the time, a powerful god, a god who was able to destroy would have been a good thing, not a bad thing. Is William the Conqueror an epithet? thehararite (talk) 18:09, 20 November 2008 (UTC)[reply]

Yes, "the Conqueror" is an epithet. The word "epithet" does not mean an insult. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 08:00, 7 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

El was the name of the chief Caananite god, as the Ugaritic texts evidence. El supposedly had 70 children, and by some accounts, Yahweh was one of them. In any case, as the Yahweh culture evolved as a separate identity from Caananite culture, El had to be dealt with. The Book of Genesis contains (at least) two story threads, one using the name El or its plural Elohim, the other using Yahweh, from what are known as the E and J sources. Somewhere around the time of the exile, the separate texts were edited together to form the basis of the current book. The first step was to identify El and Yahweh as the same god. The second was to stop using El or Elohim at all. See Robert Wright, The Evolution of God (Little Brown 2009). FAMiniter (talk) 00:30, 12 December 2013 (UTC)[reply]

"Elohim" is not the plural of "El". It's the plural of "Eloah" (which occurs many times in Iob). The plural of "el" is "elim", which occurs once in Exodus, twice in the Psalms, and once in Daniel. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 08:00, 7 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Paraphrased vs. Translated - Please Fix[edit]

The section Shaddai in the Midrash, says Shaddai
“is often paraphrased in English translations as ‘Almighty’ although this is an interpretive element.”
But this comment appears uninformed, as if the author is unaware that the previous section, Shaddai in the Hebrew Bible, said:
“In the Septuagint and other early translations, Shaddai was translated with the meaning ‘Almighty’.”
A translation is not the same as a paraphrase. The translators of the Septuagint did not produce a paraphrase.
The author of the Shaddai in the Midrash section is over-reaching to make his point. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.27.72.128 (talk) 21:09, 4 November 2009 (UTC)[reply]

The translation is questionable however.[edit]

The word Shaddai has a meaning that is debatable. It should be noted that the Assyrian tern Shaddu really has a semantic emphasis of a ridge, more than a mountain promontory or peak. In Hebrew there are other more common and thus less theorized terms that come from the same root as Shaddai, they all refer either literally or figuratively to the formation of a cut or crevasse and the ridge or ridges that are formed. Literal examples would be the words for plowing and the furrow in a field, or a rut. A more figurative example would e the term for rape, which semantically would be akin to "plowing her open." This suggests that the word Shaddai refers to the unstoppable nature of in this case God. As a noun it probably has the semantic associations of a sharp cutting, an unstoppable blade, a rapacious zeal or force, or that which opens the way by plowing on through.

I bring this up because translation is always a can of worms. Idiom don't always directly translate and we don't really have a good cognate of Shaddai in Western European languages. Almighty is a pretty weak translation, because it lacks the sense of vulnerability in the opposition and inevitability of success. The urgency is lost. To complicate this is the (in my opinion) superstitious fear of speaking the names that caused the loss of the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton. It causes people to be more tentative and shy about rigorous caparison and criticism of the names of God. That's why finding good scholarship with regard to this word, sadly even in the voices of the five rabbis, is not likely. That makes this article doomed to a whole lot of confusing conjecture. We just have to live with that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.166.164.161 (talk) 16:47, 16 December 2009 (UTC)[reply]

There is a word meaning to harrow, but it's "sidded", with a sin not a shin. I don't see any words in my dictionary (Even Shoshan) coming from the root shin daleth daleth that have something to do with the formation of a cut or ridges, or would mean something like to rape a woman. A furrow is "telem", and to rape is "shagal", "pilgesh", "`inna", "kabash", or (in modern Hebrew) "`anas". Eric Kvaalen (talk) 08:00, 7 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Missing References[edit]

W. F. Albright. “The Names Shaddai and Abraham,” Journal of Biblical Literature 54 (1935): 173-204.

Harriet Lutzky. “Shadday as a Goddess Epithet.” Vetus Testamentum 48 (1998): 15-36.

A useful article: http://claudemariottini.org/2011/04/25/el-shaddai-part-2/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.133.245.239 (talk) 12:19, 11 June 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Shaddai as a Theonym[edit]

This section should really include current sections 3, 4, and 5 as subpoints. i.e.
2 - Shaddai as a Theonym
2.a-2.? - different interpretations, to include the sections listed above.

Kennstphn (talk) 14:57, 28 July 2011 (UTC)kennstphn[reply]

"Usually translated as God Almighty"?[edit]

I have just taken a look into the Septuagint (admittedly, a church edition from Greece, not a critical edition); there, all the cited places use a translation that means simply "my God" (ὁ Θεός μου) or "your God" (ὁ Θεός σου), depending on who is speaking. The epithet "Almighty" (Παντοκράτωρ) is used as a translation for "Sabaoth", not for "Shaddai". Thus I have marked the sentence in the article as "citation needed", though I assume that at least for the Septuagint it is in fact false. -- 92.226.100.18 (talk) 17:18, 10 May 2012 (UTC)[reply]

I don’t know your edition, but I do know it is often translated as ‘God Almighty’; but I have no objection to the tag. --217/83 19:45, 29 July 2012 (UTC)[reply]
It's only often (indeed, ever) translated "Pantokrator" ("Almighty", or better "All-ruling") in one book of the LXX, namely Job. Other books use different translations. The statistics for the various sections are:
TORAH
my/thy/their God, 7 (6 times in Genesis and once in Exodus)
God, 2 (both in Numbers)
RUTH
Sufficient, 2
JOB
Almighty, 17
Lord, 9
Sufficient, 3
All-Creating, 1
"him", 1
not translated, 1
PSALMS
Heavenly, 2
PROPHETS
God, 1 (in Deutero-Isaiah)
Shaddai, transliterated, 1 (in Ezekiel)
Destroyer, 1 (in Joel)
not translated, 1 (in Ezekiel)
So basically, you get completely different translations depending on which book of the Bible you are in. This shows something about how the LXX was translated, but it isn't particularly helpful for making generalizations. As for "Pantokrator", it is overwhelmingly not Shaddai: every single instance outside the book of Job (and there are about 130 of these, not that I can be bothered to count them exactly) is not Shaddai, and tends to be YHWH Tsevaoth (some are just YHWH in the MT, but that is a textual issue). And we have fairly good evidence for even more instances of YHWH Tsevaoth being translated as "Pantokrator" — in our LXX, Tsevaoth is always transliterated in Isaiah, but Revelation 4:8 quotes a version of Isaiah 6:3 that uses "Pantokrator". I think we're giving undue weight to an oddball feature of the LXX version of the Book of Job here. 𝐨𝐱𝐲𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐵𝑈𝑇𝐴𝑍𝑂𝑁𝐸 ⓊⓉ 00:18, 13 September 2012 (UTC)[reply]

"Shaddai" as a Canaanite god?[edit]

Please cite references for the claim, "Shaddai was one of the many gods in Canaanite religion." As far as I know there is no Ugaritic(Canaanite) god named, "Shaddai". There is a speculation that the Ugaritic word for mountain, "dada" might be related to the Akkadian "sadu" but there is no mention of a god by the name of "Shaddai" in the Ugaritic religious texts or any other West Semetic text. "No Ugaritic equivalent of ʾEl Shaddai has yet been found."[1] [2]

We do see the term "Shaddayin" in the Deir Alla fragment but not "Shaddai". It is written in Aramaic and dated to ca. 840-760 BCE. 

TruthCkr (talk) 21:38, 9 May 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Many scholars have speculated about this and some postulated that Shaddai was originally a god distinct from El. The latter included Albright, Cross, Bailey, and others. From what I can see, no definite proof was provided and the argument continues. I didn't see anyone claim that Shaddai was named as such in the Ugaritic texts, but Albright suggested s/he be identified with Baal-Hadad. It isn't our job to decide who is right; we should just summarise what is written out there. Some articles: [1] [2] [3] [4] Zerotalk 07:23, 6 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
In this snippet[3] we can read the sentence

In the Deir Alla text, he [Bal`am] is associated with a god bearing the name Shgr, "Shadday" gods and goddesses, and with the goddess Ashtar.

I don't know what he means by that. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 08:00, 7 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ "God, Names of". Jewish Virtual Library. The Gale Group. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  2. ^ Smith, Mark; Pitard, Wayne (2009). The Ugaritic Baal Cycle (Volumn II ed.). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 325. ISBN 978-9004153486.
  3. ^ Thomas L. Thompson (2000). "Problems of Genre and Historicity with Palestine's Descriptions". In Andre Lemaire, Magne Saebo (ed.). Supplements to Vetus Testamentum, Volume 80. Brill. p. 322. ISBN 978-9004115989.

Harris citations[edit]

Stephen Harris is clearly someone of some reputation but given that the citation gives no page numbers and I cannot see inside what is a six hundred page textbook, I see considerable reason to doubt that he's being cited accurately. As a real scholar I would assume that, in such a work, he is largely repeating the opinions of others; or at the very least, he is repeating claims he published elsewhere. But for example when I looked for the claim about the "patriarchal name", what I invariably found was some close variant of the phrase "El Shaddai was the patriarchal name of God," meaning "the name used by the Hebrew patriarchs". I could find no claim that it was so used across Mesopotamia, nor (except perhaps in one or two cases from around 1900) that "Shaddai" itself was that name. At this point I'm inclined to strike the whole passage until we can get it better cited, as this isn't the only questionable or lacking citation. Mangoe (talk) 14:27, 6 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

@Mangoe: I have found that I could see a "snippet" in Google Books, and by searching for various things (in the end "tribal god") I found this ("tribal+god" here, said to be on p. 547):

...Almighty," this term probably means "God of the Mountain," referring to the Mesopotamian cosmic "mountain" inhabited by divine beings. One of the patriarchal names for the Mesopotamian tribal god, it is identified with Yahweh in the Mosaic revelation (Exod. 6:3)

It sounds to me as though what he means is that Shaddai was the tribal god of the tribe of Abram. In other words, he's not sayin' that there's any actual mention of a god named Shaddai outside the Bible. According to Ancient Mesopotamian religion there were thousands of Mesopotamian gods, but there's no god of the Mountain listed in List of Mesopotamian deities.
By the way, I have look'd at what you wrote at the Administrators' Noticeboard ([5]), but I don't really understand the problem. You can move the article back yourself, so long as no one edits "El Shaddai". And you can undo my redirect of "Shaddai". But as for the question of whether "Shaddai" was a name of God in the Bible, it is used many times as such in the book of Iob. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 08:00, 7 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Toorn's Dictionary of Demons and Deities has several relevant articles and tons of citation to the literature. Zerotalk 09:35, 7 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
@Zero0000: Interesting, but can you please tell us what it says? And please ping me (a link to User:Eric Kvaalen) so that I will know if you reply. (Maybe ping User:Mangoe too.) Eric Kvaalen (talk) 09:57, 8 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
@Eric Kvaalen: If you send me mail, I'll get you the book. I don't have time to work on this article myself. Zerotalk 12:49, 8 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]


@Zero0000 and Mangoe: I have look'd at Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible and added a paragraph from what it says. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 08:32, 13 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Complaint about a reverting[edit]

@Editor2020: The other day I edited the article, and left the edit comment 

The LXX never translated "El Shaddai" as "God Almighty". "Shaddai" is often translated as "God", "my God", or "Lord" in the LXX. "God Almighty" is only used for "El Shaddai", not for "Shaddai".

You have now reverted my edit with the comment "needsreferences". It doesn't need references. Saying what was there before would need references, because it couldn't be shown by looking at the Septuagint! All I did was look up the places in the Septuagint where "El Shaddai" is used in the Hebrew:

  • Gen. 17:1 ο θεος σου
  • Gen. 28:3 Ο θεος μου
  • Gen. 35:11 ο θεος σου
  • Gen. 43:14 ο θεος μου
  • Gen. 48:3 ο θεος μου
  • Exod. 6:3 θεος ων αυτων
  • Ezek. 10:5 Θεου σαδδαι

(These are taken from my Hebrew concordance.) As for it being translated "Lord", take for example Iob 6:4, and there are quite a few more. I also checked English translations and found, as I said, that Shaddai is translated Almighty and El Shaddai as God Almighty. This apparently comes from the Vulgate, which uses "Omnipotens" for Shaddai, and Deus Omnipotens for El Shaddai. Eric Kvaalen (talk) 08:33, 15 March 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Hi, what you're talking about is called original research and is outside the scope of Wikipedia. I suggest trying to get it published in an academic journal, or finding and citing an academic journal that makes the same argument you're making. פֿינצטערניש (Fintsternish), she/her (talk) 11:23, 8 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion[edit]

The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion:

Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:36, 4 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]


WP:BRD[edit]

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=God_Almighty&diff=1206026511&oldid=1206015848 El Shaddai does not have a monopoly on the term God_Almighty. Tiny Particle (talk) 01:42, 11 February 2024 (UTC)[reply]

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:El_Shaddai