Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction

Translation[edit]

I think translation should be Castro Culture...

Check yahoo; many more relevant results when searching for "Castrexo culture" than for "Castro culture".Dannycas 20:09, 17 January 2006 (UTC)[reply]

That's not true; there are 15 results for "Castrexo culture" and 409 for "Castro Culture". Visitor 23:27, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

I think it's should be Castro Culture, too. This appears to be the preferred term in scientific publications (for example, here [1], here [2] and here [3]. Besides, "castrexo" is a galician word, and the Castro Culture area is bigger than galician language area. It covers Portugal (if you consider galician and portuguese as two different languages; if you don't, it should be Castrejo Culture with portuguese ortography), as it can be seen here [4], and Asturias, not only its galician-language area, but even its asturian-language one (again [5]), where it should be "Cultura Castreña". Searching for "Castrexo Culture" in Google, it only appears in Wikipedia itself, in one post made by a galician user and in a celtist galician page (probably because of a bad translation from galician language), and none of those is a scientific example. I'm going to made a "Castro Culture" redirect page, but I think it should be the principal page and "Castrexo Culture" the redirect one. Finally, spanish translation is not "Cultura Castreja", and "Cultura Castreña", but this I'm going to change it immediatly. Guestia 15:35, 8 February 2006 (UTC)[reply]

  • I've changed to Castro culture and added a nice picture that was on Portuguese wikipedia. You can print it and put it on your wall, so pretty! -Pedro 20:01, 30 May 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Castro de São Lourenço[edit]

The bulding in the picture is a reconstruction, I presume. The article should make this clear. FilipeS 20:17, 29 December 2006 (UTC)[reply]

  • OBVIOUSLY, do you really think the roof would survive 2000 or 3000 yrs?! ---Pedro 01:10, 30 December 2006 (UTC)[reply]
  • Anyway FilipeS has a point. It's better to make it clear --Ravenloft 10:19, 30 December 2006 (UTC)[reply]

Oppidum vs Cividade[edit]

  • Oppidum is a beautiful word, but doesnt feel right for this region, read books about this and that word does not come up for this region and, most importantly places that are known as "cividade" originally should be in the article known as such. this name like castro is of historical value and used by the common people. The article is unbalanced too. It gives to much focus on Galicia, while most of the sites and major sites are in Northern Portugal, although South Galicia has relevant sites too and we see nice sculptures in the article, that are of course very relevant. --Pedro (talk) 13:23, 28 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]
Hi. Oppidum, and its plural oppida, was a common Latin denomination for the larges settlements in the area -it was used at least by Pomponius Mela (Chorographia, III.9) and Pliny(NH IV.111-112) to refer to major local settlements, including Braga-, and it is also used in international bibliography as a reference to major semi-urban "castros" (see for example Iron Age Archaeology of the Northwest Iberian Peninsula, by César Parcero Oubiña and Isabel Cobas Fernández, and A Round Iron Age: The Circular House in the Hillforts of the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula by Xurxo M. Ayán Vila, both articles in e-Keltoi (6): http://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/index.html). It's true that these same places are called by the locals castro's, crasto's, cividade's, cidade's, cibdá's, cidá's... On reference to the balance, well, it surely can be improved, but it's simply not true that most sites are in Portugal: in Galicia alone there are tens of major castro's -oppida or cividades, whatever- and thousands of minor -even tiny- hill-forts and cliff-forts belonging tho the Castro culture, all along the country, but in contrast with the Gallaecia Bracarense -southern Galicia and northern Portugal- most northern Galician castros are very small (0,5-2 ha in surface), so maintaining the aspect of the smaller and older castros of the South, before the development of major cividades in the 3rd-2nd century BCE. Anyway, here modern frontiers -fought back in the XII-XVth centuries among people who spoke and wrote the same language, and BTW I speak my western Galici an with my northern Portuguese neighbors who speak northern Portuguese and we come together rather well- don't follow older ones. Regards.--Froaringus (talk) 19:03, 29 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]
    • Hello. Thanks for your input. Very interesting then. Braga does not show up in the archaeological surveys that I've read. if oppida is used I'm pretty much ok with it then. Although the term "cividade" showed be used on those that have been used historically. I know it just means city. I wasn't stating an opinion of my own, but something I've read from the book Cultura Castreja no Norte de Portugal which is pretty much the Portuguese bible on this. That occurs in Portugal too, from the Douro down and Trás-os-Montes which has less sites. The article is great though, can get a lot better, but with a lot of interesting pics, needs more info! I know an American university was doing relevant survays in Cividade de Bagunte sometime ago, it would be interesting to know what they found out.

subjects to develop:

  • religion: dieties and religious practices.
  • more on pottery and other kinds of art, especially statues and inscriptions.
  • what the Romans and other peoples said about them. --Pedro (talk) 21:36, 29 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]


Hi, Pedro. I totally agree: religion, pottery, Roman and Greek testimonies are still largely lacking... I would really love to improve the article on these and other subjects. On Braga, it is called Bracarum oppidum Augusta by Pliny, although that probably did not imply a pre-Roman foundation:
"deinde conventus Lucensis a flumine Navia Albiones, Cibarci, Egi, Varri cognomine Namarini, Adovi, Arroni, Arrotrebae. promunturium Celticum, amnes Florius, Nelo. Celtici cognomine Neri et super Tamarci, quorum in paeninsula tres arae Sestianae Augusto dicatae, Copori, oppidum Noeta, Celtici cognomine Praestamarci, Cileni. ex insulis nominandae Corticata et Aunios.
a Cilenis conventus Bracarum Helleni, Grovi, castellum Tyde, Graecorum subolis omnia. insulae Siccae, oppidum Abobrica. Minius amnis, IIII ore spatiosus, Leuni, Surbi, Bracarum oppidum Augusta, quos super Gallaecia. flumen Limia, Durius amnis e maximis Hispaniae, ortus in Pelendonibus et iuxta Numantiam lapsus, dein per Arevacos Vaccaeosque, disterminatis ab Asturia Vettonibus, a Lusitania Gallaecis, ibi quoque Turdulos a Bracaris arcens. omnis, quae dicta regio a Pyrenaeo, metallis referta auri, argenti, ferri, plumbi nigri albique."
Regards.--Froaringus (talk) 13:52, 30 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]
Check my edits on religion. The actual names of the towns would be great. Pomponius Mela named some. Great stuff I found from a Spanish source from the Univerity of Alicante. Spanish sources are often great in these very ancient stuff. And the puzzle starts to make sense! Roman Mars / Native Cosus are the deities on the coast, of course not only the immediate coast, but also inland areas as far as Sanfins and a very large region in Galicia.
Braga was just selected to be the Capital of Gallaecia by the Romans and that could be for no special important reason, maybe just because of its central position.
In Lisbon there is a lot of archaeological finds in an archeology museum, some can be from the Castro region. Of course local museums can have great stuff too.
the article already has a lot of inscriptions, it lacks pottery and depictions or estele dedicated to gods, especially Cosus. ---Pedro (talk) 15:07, 30 April 2012 (UTC)[reply]
Hi, Pedro. Nice pottery pic! Yes, the pottery section really needs additions. On the deities, are you using "Los dioses de la hispania celtica" by Olivares Pedreño? Great. I'm looking on adding something on ancient authors testimonies, anthroponymy, and onomastics, but since I'm rather busy right now I'll need my time. Cheers.--Froaringus (talk) 19:34, 2 May 2012 (UTC)[reply]
  • Yes that's the author. Another thing: I'm sorry, but the article is again a total mess. You must have a big screen or a very high resolution. The article is intended to be comfortably read by most people, not a warehouse. --Pedro (talk) 20:46, 27 May 2012 (UTC)[reply]

lead picture[edit]

  • I think the torc doesn't look special or appealing. It fits the article on celtic cultural influence and on the reasons for Roman conquest. I would prefer the helmet or the Gallaecian head. IMO, both look much better and much more interesting. --Pedro (talk) 23:05, 21 April 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Standardisation of terms[edit]

This article needs a good copyedit. Is it castro, castro or Castro? Rothorpe (talk) 12:47, 1 July 2014 (UTC)[reply]

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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Castro_culture