A retaliatory arrest or retaliatory prosecution is an arrest or prosecution undertaken in retaliation for a person's exercise of their civil rights. It is a form of prosecutorial misconduct.
United States[edit]
In Hartman v. Moore in 2006, the United States Supreme Court ruled that for a prosecution to be found retaliatory, it must have been brought without probable cause.[1][2]
In the 2018 case of Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, Riviera Beach, Florida argued that the logic of Hartman extended to retaliatory arrest. The Supreme Court issued a narrow ruling that plaintiff Fane Lozman was able to bring the claim despite there having been probable cause for his arrest.[3][4] A year later, they answered the broader question, holding in Nieves v. Bartlett that probable cause defeats a claim of retaliatory arrest unless the plaintiff can show that others have typically not been arrested for similar conduct.[5][6]
See also[edit]
- Contempt of cop
- Arbitrary arrest and detention
- 42 U.S.C. § 1983, governing claims against state actors for denial of constitutional rights
- Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents, governing claims against federal actors
References[edit]
- ^ Wasserman, Howard M. (19 November 2018). "Argument preview: Probable cause, retaliatory arrests, and the First Amendment". Retrieved 2 February 2022.
- ^ Hartman v. Moore, 547 U.S. 250 (2006).
- ^ Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, 585 U.S. ___ (2018).
- ^ Jesse D. H. Snyder, What Fane Lozman Can Teach Us About Free Speech, 19 Wyo. L. Rev. 419, 445–447 (2019).
- ^ Nieves v. Bartlett, 587 U.S. ___ (2019).
- ^ Frazelle, Brian (31 May 2019). "The Supreme Court Just Made It Easier for Police to Arrest You for Filming Them". Slate. Retrieved 31 May 2019.