Neugebauer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Gerry Neugebauer, American astronomer
• Hans E J Neugebauer, German-American imaging scientist
• Marcia Neugebauer, American geophysicist
• Otto E. Neugebauer, Austrian-American mathematician and historian of science
• Rainer O. Neugebauer, German educationalist, historian and social scientist
• Reimund Neugebauer, German mechanical engineer and professor

• Ursula Neugebauer, German artist
• Walter Neugebauer, Croatian comic book artist

• Alfred Neugebauer, Austrian film actor
• Hartmut Neugebauer, German actor, voice actor and dialogue director
• Veronika Neugebauer, German actress and voice actress

• Fritz Neugebauer, Second President of the National Council of Austria
• Mieczysław Norwid-Neugebauer, minister in the interwar Polish government
• Randy Neugebauer, U.S. congressman

• Jari Neugebauer, German ice hockey player
• Karin Neugebauer, German freestyle swimmer
• Leo Neugebauer, German decathlete
• Tomasz Neugebauer, Polish footballer

• Lila Neugebauer, American theatre director
• Rudolf Neugebauer, German SS Hauptsturmführer during the Nazi era
• Toby Neugebauer, American businessman

Other uses

• Neugebauer SA [pt], a Brazilian chocolate manufacturing company

• Neugebauer equations, a simplified model for the color of halftones
• Neubauer
• Gebauer