Metrodorus (Greek: Μητρόδωρος, romanized: Mētrodōros, lit. 'mother's gift') is the name of numerous historical figures, including:

• Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder) (5th century BC), philosopher from the school of Anaxagoras
• Metrodorus of Cos (5th century BC), Pythagorean writer
• Metrodorus of Chios (4th century BC), philosopher from the school of Democritus
• Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger) (331–278 BC), Epicurean philosopher
• Metrodorus of Athens (mid 2nd century BC), philosopher and painter
• Metrodorus of Stratonicea (late 2nd century BC), philosopher, originally Epicurean, later a follower of Carneades
• Metrodorus of Scepsis (c. 145 BC – 70 BC), writer, orator and politician
• Metrodorus (grammarian) (c. 6th century AD), grammarian and mathematician who collected the mathematical epigrams in the Greek Anthology
• Metrodorus (4th century BC), physician who married Aristotle's daughter Pythias
• Metrodorus (late 3rd, early 2nd century BC), general in the employ of Philip V of Macedon during the Cretan War
• Metrodorus (late 1st, early 2nd century AD), pupil of the physician Sabinus