The station was opened on 10 December 1933 with the extension of the line from Richelieu–Drouot to Porte de Montreuil. Rue des Maraîchers is French for "street of the market-gardeners"; until the 20th century the hills of Belleville and Montreuil were cultivated by many market-gardeners, whose most famous products were the "peaches of Montreuil".