This list includes people who were born in or lived in Wrocław after 1945. For a list of notable residents before 1945, see List of people from Breslau.
- Jan Borysewicz - guitar player, composer, leader of the rock band Lady Pank
- Leszek Czarnecki - businessman and billionaire
- Artur Ekert - physicist
- Władysław Frasyniuk - politician
- Jolanta Fraszyńska, actress
- Robert Fudali - sole member of black metal band Graveland
- Waldemar Fydrych - alias "Major"; artist, founder of the Orange Alternative happening movement
- Eugeniusz Geppert - painter
- Kamil Giżycki - writer and traveler
- Jerzy Grotowski - theatre director and theatrical avant-garde figure
- Mirosław Hermaszewski - cosmonaut
- Ludwik Hirszfeld - microbiologist, co-discover of the inheritance of the BO blood type
- Marek Hłasko - novelist, writer
- Hubert Hurkacz - tennis player
- Klaudia Jachira - politician and comedian
- Lech Janerka - singer, musician and composer
- Ewa Klonowski - forensic anthropologist
- Aleksandr Ivanovich Korolyov - vice-president of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
- Urszula Kozioł - poet
- Marek Krajewski - writer
- Wojciech Kurtyka - mountain climber
- Aleksandra Kurzak - opera singer
- Olaf Lubaszenko - actor and film director
- Jan Łopuszański - physicist
- Mata - rapper
- Mateusz Morawiecki - politician, Prime Minister of Poland
- Rafał Omelko - athlete
- Piotr Ponikowski - cardiologist
- Barbara Rogowska - comedian actress and comic
- Tadeusz Różewicz - poet and writer
- Wanda Rutkiewicz - mountaineer
- Selma Nicklass-Kempner - soprano
- Andrzej Sekuła - cinematographer and film director
- Hugo Steinhaus - mathematician
- Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski - chemist and physicist
- Michał Witkowski - writer
- Rafał Wojaczek - poet
- Dagmara Wozniak (born 1988) - Polish-American U.S. Olympic sabre fencer
- Maciej Żurowski - historian of French literature, translator, Romanist