War in Afghanistan, Afghan war, or Afghan civil war may refer to:

• Conquest of Afghanistan by Alexander the Great (330 BC – 327 BC), the conquest of Afghanistan by the Macedonian Empire
• Muslim conquests of Afghanistan, a series of campaigns in the 7th, 8th, and 9th, and 10th centuries
• Mongol campaigns in Central Asia (1216–1222), the conquest of Afghanistan by the Mongol Empire
• Mughal conquests in Afghanistan (1526), the conquest by the Mughal Empire
• Afghan Civil War (1863–1869), a civil war between Sher Ali Khan and Mohammad Afzal Khan's faction after the death of Dost Mohammad Khan
• Anglo−Afghan Wars, wars conducted by British India in Afghanistan
  • First Anglo−Afghan War (1839–1842)
  • Second Anglo−Afghan War (1878–1880)
  • Third Anglo−Afghan War (1919)
• Panjdeh incident (1885), an incursion into Afghanistan by the Russian Empire during the era of the "Great Game"
• Afghan Civil War (1928–1929), revolts by the Shinwari and the Saqqawists; the Saqqawists take over Kabul for a 9-month period
• Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929), an invasion by the Soviet Union against the Saqqawists in support of the royalists
• Afghan conflict, various wars since 1978
  • Saur Revolution (1978), a communist insurrection against the Republic of Afghanistan government by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
  • Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), a war between Afghan mujahideen rebels and the Soviet Armed Forces and the Soviet puppet Democratic Republic of Afghanistan regime
  • Afghan Civil War (1989–1992), the collapse of the Mohammad Najibullah regime
  • Afghan Civil War (1992–1996), the subsequent infighting among the mujahideen that saw the expansion of Taliban militancy across most of Afghanistan until the establishment of the Taliban-ruled Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 1996
  • Afghan Civil War (1996–2001), an insurgency against the Taliban largely led by the Northern Alliance
  • War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), wars after an American-lead coalition intervened in 2001:
    • United States invasion of Afghanistan, the initial invasion against the Taliban and al-Qaeda in 2001
    • Taliban insurgency, a rebellion against the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014
    • Resolute Support Mission, a phase of reduced Western presence where anti-insurgency operations continued against the Taliban, al-Qaeda, and the Islamic State from 2014 to 2021
    • 2021 Taliban offensive, the Taliban conquest of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
  • Islamic State–Taliban conflict (2015–present), a conflict between the Taliban and the rival Islamic State
  • Republican insurgency in Afghanistan (2021–present), a conflict between ruling Taliban militias and rebels