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[[File:Vincennes Phase Sites.png|thumb|The Vincennes Phase and sites associated with the tradition, including the Collins site.]] |
[[File:Vincennes Phase Sites.png|thumb|The Vincennes Phase and sites associated with the tradition, including the Collins site.]] |
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The Vincennes Phase is a [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian Culture]] [[Phase (archaeology)|phase]] dating from 1100-1350 CE. This poorly-understood phase occupied much of the Lower [[Wabash Valley]] in western [[Indiana]] and eastern [[Illinois]]. Robert Barth proposed that the Vincennes phase evolved from the [[Allison-Lamotte culture]], however this isn't universally agreed upon<ref>{{Cite book |
The Vincennes Phase is a [[Mississippian culture|Mississippian Culture]] [[Phase (archaeology)|phase]] dating from 1100-1350 CE. This poorly-understood phase occupied much of the Lower [[Wabash Valley]] in western [[Indiana]] and eastern [[Illinois]]. Robert Barth proposed that the Vincennes phase evolved from the [[Allison-Lamotte culture]], however this isn't universally agreed upon<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cahokia and the hinterlands : middle Mississippian cultures of the Midwest|date=2000|publisher=University of Illinois Press|others=Emerson, Thomas E., 1945-, Lewis, R. Barry., Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.|isbn=0-252-06878-5|edition=Illini books|location=Urbana|oclc=44026979}}</ref>. The Vincennes phase people were agriculturalists, dependant on [[maize]] to sustain their population. They were a multi ethnic people, composed of cultural traits from Middle Mississippian, [[Upper Mississippian culture|Upper Mississippian]], [[Fort Ancient]], and Woodland cultures<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2014-05-13|title=ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the USA2014 134 ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the USA Ann Arbor, MI ProQuest 2013-|journal=Reference Reviews|volume=28|issue=4|pages=22–24|doi=10.1108/rr-11-2013-0288|issn=0950-4125}}</ref>. |
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== Etchison Complex == |
== Etchison Complex == |
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=== South Vincennes === |
=== South Vincennes === |
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The Southern Vincennes cultural area is more reminiscent of Middle Mississippian communities, with Otter Pond being a large multi-mound ceremonial and residential center. Secondary settlements exist in a smaller form, seemingly subject to Otter Pond in some way. In short, this settlement pattern is suggestive of a chiefdom similar to those recorded by De Soto in the mid 16th century<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hudson, Charles. |
The Southern Vincennes cultural area is more reminiscent of Middle Mississippian communities, with Otter Pond being a large multi-mound ceremonial and residential center. Secondary settlements exist in a smaller form, seemingly subject to Otter Pond in some way. In short, this settlement pattern is suggestive of a chiefdom similar to those recorded by De Soto in the mid 16th century<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hudson, Charles.|title=Knights of Spain, warriors of the sun : Hernando de Soto and the South's ancient chiefdoms.|date=1998|publisher=Georgia University Press|isbn=0-8203-2062-5|oclc=1113178867}}</ref>. Southern Vincennes sites: |
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* [[Otter Pond site|Otter Pond]] |
* [[Otter Pond site|Otter Pond]] |
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== Recent Study == |
== Recent Study == |
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In 2019, Jacob Skousen of Illinois State University performed a magnatomentery survey on the Otter Pond site<ref>{{Cite journal| |
In 2019, Jacob Skousen of Illinois State University performed a magnatomentery survey on the Otter Pond site<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lanszki|first1=J.|last2=Molnár|first2=M.|last3=Molnár|first3=T.|date=2006-05-31|title=Factors affecting the predation of otter (Lutra lutra ) on European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis )|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=270|issue=2|pages=219–226|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00132.x|issn=0952-8369}}</ref>.{{AFC submission|t||ts=20200917143024|u=RWilliamsCRM|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --> |
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) on European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis |
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)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00132.x|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=270|issue=2|pages=219–226|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00132.x|issn=0952-8369}}</ref>.{{AFC submission|t||ts=20200917143024|u=RWilliamsCRM|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --> |
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Revision as of 16:22, 17 September 2020
The Vincennes Phase is a Mississippian Culture phase dating from 1100-1350 CE. This poorly-understood phase occupied much of the Lower Wabash Valley in western Indiana and eastern Illinois. Robert Barth proposed that the Vincennes phase evolved from the Allison-Lamotte culture, however this isn't universally agreed upon[1]. The Vincennes phase people were agriculturalists, dependant on maize to sustain their population. They were a multi ethnic people, composed of cultural traits from Middle Mississippian, Upper Mississippian, Fort Ancient, and Woodland cultures[2].
Etchison Complex
This complex is defined by strong relations with Cahokia, with a lack of the typical Vincennes ceramics found in the southern Vincennes area. The focal point of the complex is the Collins site, a multi-mound ceremonial center. This is the earliest Mississippian settlement in the region, and thought to represent a Cahokian attempt of spreading Mississippian religion. Joshua Wells posits a conjoining of the Etchison Complex and Southern Vincennes cultural area as a hegemonic Vincennes Phase[2].
Settlement Pattern
Vincennes phase towns and villages are usually located near a floodplain of a secondary river of the Wabash River. However in some cases such as the Merom site, the settlement was located atop a hard to access bluff, persumembly for defense.
North Vincennes
North Vincennes sites have a number of woodland components to them, namely Albee Phase housing styles and ceramics being commonplace in north Vincennes settlements. Villages seem to be disjointed from the ceremonial sites. Northern Vincennes sites:
- Secondino-Shew
- Smith-Phelps
- Farrand
South Vincennes
The Southern Vincennes cultural area is more reminiscent of Middle Mississippian communities, with Otter Pond being a large multi-mound ceremonial and residential center. Secondary settlements exist in a smaller form, seemingly subject to Otter Pond in some way. In short, this settlement pattern is suggestive of a chiefdom similar to those recorded by De Soto in the mid 16th century[3]. Southern Vincennes sites:
- Otter Pond
- Gray's Pond
- Merom
- Blann Village
- Heaton Farm
Material Culture
The material culture of the Vincennes Phase is unique for having influences from surround Woodland and Oliver Phase cultures.
Ceramics
The Vincennes everted rim jar is a major pottery type of the Vincennes Phase, representing 62% of all pottery recorded from Vincennes sites. Ceramics from Vincennes sites are often a hybrid, shell tempered Mississippian pottery being made in a Woodland Albee Phase style[2]. Grit tempered pottery is also present in Vincennes ceramic assemblages.
Lithics
By far the most prominent lithic type of the Vincennes Phase is the Madison Triangular form. This exhibits an intensive use of the bow and arrow by the Vincennes people. Humpbacked knives and flint drills make up the rest of the Vincennes Phase lithic assemblage.
Recent Study
In 2019, Jacob Skousen of Illinois State University performed a magnatomentery survey on the Otter Pond site[4].
References
- ^ Cahokia and the hinterlands : middle Mississippian cultures of the Midwest. Emerson, Thomas E., 1945-, Lewis, R. Barry., Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. (Illini books ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 2000. ISBN 0-252-06878-5. OCLC 44026979.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c "ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the USA2014 134 ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the USA Ann Arbor, MI ProQuest 2013-". Reference Reviews. 28 (4): 22–24. 2014-05-13. doi:10.1108/rr-11-2013-0288. ISSN 0950-4125.
- ^ Hudson, Charles. (1998). Knights of Spain, warriors of the sun : Hernando de Soto and the South's ancient chiefdoms. Georgia University Press. ISBN 0-8203-2062-5. OCLC 1113178867.
- ^ Lanszki, J.; Molnár, M.; Molnár, T. (2006-05-31). "Factors affecting the predation of otter (Lutra lutra ) on European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis )". Journal of Zoology. 270 (2): 219–226. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00132.x. ISSN 0952-8369.