No edit summary Tag: Visual edit |
|||
(48 intermediate revisions by 10 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{about|the City of Tambaram within the [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai Metropolitan Area]]| |
{{about|the City of Tambaram within the [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai Metropolitan Area]]|the local government|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation|other uses|}}{{Short description|A city within the Chennai Metropolitan Area}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} |
||
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} |
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} |
||
Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
| pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
| pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
||
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India#Asia#Earth |
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India#Asia#Earth |
||
| nickname = Chennai’s Southern Gateway<ref>{{cite web |title=Chennai’s southern gateway, Tambaram now a municipal corporation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/chennais-southern-gateway-tambaram-now-a-municipal-corporation-7607818/ |publisher= The Indian Express |date=5 November 2021}}</ref> |
|||
| settlement_type = City within the [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai Metropolitan Area]] <!-- As per the Section 1(2) of the Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Act, 2022 --> |
| settlement_type = City within the [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai Metropolitan Area]] <!-- As per the Section 1(2) of the Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Act, 2022 --> |
||
| native_name = <!-- per [[WP:INDICSCRIPT]], do not add any Indic script here --> |
| native_name = <!-- per [[WP:INDICSCRIPT]], do not add any Indic script here --> |
||
Line 36: | Line 35: | ||
| elevation_m = 43 |
| elevation_m = 43 |
||
| area_total_km2 = 87.64 |
| area_total_km2 = 87.64 |
||
| seat_type = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
|||
| seat = [[Tropical climate]] |
|||
| parts_type = Sub-group |
|||
| parts = [[Tropical savanna climate|Savanna climate<br />with a Dry Winter (Aw)]] |
|||
| unit_pref = Metric |
| unit_pref = Metric |
||
| government_type = [[Council–manager government|Elected Council–Appointed Commissioner]] |
| government_type = [[Council–manager government|Elected Council–Appointed Commissioner]] |
||
| leader_title = [[Municipal commissioner (India)| |
| leader_title = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Commissioner]] |
||
| leader_name = R. Alagumeena [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] |
| leader_name = R. Alagumeena [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] |
||
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]] |
| leader_title1 = [[Mayor]] |
||
Line 44: | Line 47: | ||
| leader_title2 = [[Deputy mayor|Deputy Mayor]] |
| leader_title2 = [[Deputy mayor|Deputy Mayor]] |
||
| leader_name2 = G. Kamaraj ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]) |
| leader_name2 = G. Kamaraj ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]) |
||
| leader_title3 = [[Lok Sabha|MP]] |
| leader_title3 = [[Parliament of India|National representation]] ([[Lok Sabha|MP]]) |
||
| leader_name3 = [[T. R. Baalu|T.R. Baalu]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]) |
| leader_name3 = [[T. R. Baalu|T.R. Baalu]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]) |
||
| leader_title4 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|MLAs]] |
| leader_title4 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|State representation]] ([[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|MLAs]]) |
||
| leader_name4 = [[I. Karunanithi]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])<br />[[S. R. Raja|S.R. Raja]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]) |
| leader_name4 = [[I. Karunanithi]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])<br />[[S. R. Raja|S.R. Raja]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]) |
||
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#TN—Tamil Nadu|TN 11, TN 22, TN 85]] <!-- Expansion of Regional Transport Office districts can be added to the "Governance" Section. --> |
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#TN—Tamil Nadu|TN 11, TN 22, TN 85]] <!-- Expansion of Regional Transport Office districts can be added to the "Governance" Section. --> |
||
| image_skyline = Tambaram |
| image_skyline = Tambaram Railway Station Entrance.jpg |
||
| established_title1 = Town incorporated |
| established_title1 = Town incorporated |
||
| established_date1 = 1951<ref name="census1961" /> |
|||
| established_date1 = 1951<ref name="census1961">{{Citation |last=Nambiar |first=P.K. |title=Madras District Census Handbook, Chingleput, Part X-VI, Vol-II, VoI-IX - Census 1961 |date=1965 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31273/download/34454/22102_1961_CHI.pdf |work= |volume= |page=68 |type=Census Report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922224511/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31274/download/34455/22101_1961_CHI.pdf |chapter=General Population Tables—"A" Series |publication-place=Madras |publisher=The Director of Stationery and Printing |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> |
|||
| established_title2 = City incorporated |
| established_title2 = City incorporated |
||
| established_date2 = 3 November 2021<ref name="tcmc act">{{Cite act|index=5|date=2022|legislature=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|title=The Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Act, 2022|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627214611/https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/2022/Act%20No.%205%20of%202022%20Tamil%20Nadu.pdf}}</ref> |
| established_date2 = 3 November 2021<ref name="tcmc act">{{Cite act|index=5|date=2022|legislature=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|title=The Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Act, 2022|url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/2022/Act%20No.%205%20of%202022%20Tamil%20Nadu.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627214611/https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/2022/Act%20No.%205%20of%202022%20Tamil%20Nadu.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2022-06-27}}</ref> |
||
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]] |
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]] |
||
| population_est = 960887 |
| population_est = 960887 |
||
Line 64: | Line 67: | ||
| demographics1_title2 = [[Languages with official status in India|Additional official]] |
| demographics1_title2 = [[Languages with official status in India|Additional official]] |
||
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]] |
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]] |
||
| |
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Law enforcement agency|Law enforcement]] |
||
| |
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Tambaram City Police]] |
||
| |
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Urban Development Authority (India)|Urban planning agency]] |
||
| |
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] |
||
| image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation.png |
|||
| blank_emblem_type = Emblem |
|||
| image_caption = [[Tambaram Railway Station]] |
|||
| imagesize = 300 |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 73: | Line 80: | ||
== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
||
Tambaram is an ancient town referred to as Taamapuram in an inscription of the 13th century. The word was inscribed on the walls around the [[sanctum sanctorum]] at [[Marundeeswarar Temple, Thirukachur|Marundeeswarar temple]] in Tirukachur village, near Chengalpattu.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=Dr.Gift Siromoney's Home Page |url=https://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Archeaology/arch_tambaramhistory.htm |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=Cmi.ac.in}}</ref> |
Tambaram is an ancient town referred to as Taamapuram in an inscription of the 13th century. The word was inscribed on the walls around the [[sanctum sanctorum]] at [[Marundeeswarar Temple, Thirukachur|Marundeeswarar temple]] in Tirukachur village, near [[Chengalpattu]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=Dr.Gift Siromoney's Home Page |url=https://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Archeaology/arch_tambaramhistory.htm |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=Cmi.ac.in}}</ref> |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
Line 85: | Line 92: | ||
=== Early Medieval Period === |
=== Early Medieval Period === |
||
==== Pallava Dynasty ==== |
==== Pallava Dynasty ==== |
||
{{Main|Pallava dynasty}} |
|||
The oldest locality in the city, Pallavapuram, existed during the reign of [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] king [[Mahendravarman I]] (600–630 CE). The Pallavas have left titles in early Pallava script at the cave temple in Pallavaram neighbourhood, which dates back to 600 CE. The remains of a cave shrine constructed by the Pallava ruler have been found at Asthana-E-Moula Ali Dargah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkat |first=Vaishali R. |date=2014-07-17 |title=Silent presence for 400 years |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/silent-presence-for-400-years/article6221583.ece |access-date=2022-02-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
The oldest locality in the city, Pallavapuram, existed during the reign of [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] king [[Mahendravarman I]] (600–630 CE). The Pallavas have left titles in early Pallava script at the cave temple in Pallavaram neighbourhood, which dates back to 600 CE. The remains of a cave shrine constructed by the Pallava ruler have been found at Asthana-E-Moula Ali Dargah.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Venkat |first=Vaishali R. |date=2014-07-17 |title=Silent presence for 400 years |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/silent-presence-for-400-years/article6221583.ece |access-date=2022-02-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
||
==== Chola Dynasty ==== |
==== Chola Dynasty ==== |
||
{{Main|Chola dynasty}} |
|||
During the reign of [[Later Cholas]], from ninth to twelfth century CE, the region was called Churathur Nadu. Churathur Nadu was named after Thiruchuram, the present-day [[Tirusulam|Trisulam]]. The Churathur Nadu extended from Tambaram in the south to [[Adambakkam]] and [[Alandur]] in the north. The region included the areas of Pammal, Pallavaram, and Thiruneermalai.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2018 |title=Now known for the airport, Tirusulam is actually an ancient, historical part of Puliyur Kottam, aka Chennai |url=https://inmathi.com/2018/09/24/now-known-for-the-airport-tirusulam-is-actually-an-ancient-historical-part-of-puliyur-kottam-aka-chennai/13200/}}</ref><ref name="cmi.ac.in">{{cite web |title=History of Chennai Southern Suburbs |url=https://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Archeaology/arch_tambaramhistory.htm |access-date=2019-12-01 |website=Cmi.ac.in}}</ref> |
During the reign of [[Later Cholas]], from ninth to twelfth century CE, the region was called Churathur Nadu. Churathur Nadu was named after Thiruchuram, the present-day [[Tirusulam|Trisulam]]. The Churathur Nadu extended from Tambaram in the south to [[Adambakkam]] and [[Alandur]] in the north. The region included the areas of Pammal, Pallavaram, and Thiruneermalai.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2018 |title=Now known for the airport, Tirusulam is actually an ancient, historical part of Puliyur Kottam, aka Chennai |url=https://inmathi.com/2018/09/24/now-known-for-the-airport-tirusulam-is-actually-an-ancient-historical-part-of-puliyur-kottam-aka-chennai/13200/}}</ref><ref name="cmi.ac.in">{{cite web |title=History of Chennai Southern Suburbs |url=https://www.cmi.ac.in/gift/Archeaology/arch_tambaramhistory.htm |access-date=2019-12-01 |website=Cmi.ac.in}}</ref> |
||
Line 96: | Line 105: | ||
=== Post-Independence === |
=== Post-Independence === |
||
In the 1951 census, Tambaram was classified as a [[Nagar panchayat|Town Panchayat]] for the first time.<ref name="census1961" /> In 1964, Tambaram Town Panchayat was incorporated as a Grade III Municipality by annexing the Village Panchayats of Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=<nowiki>Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund, Government of Tamil Nadu</nowiki> |title=City Corporate cum Business Plan: Tambaram Municipality |date=October 2007 |url=http://tnuifsl.com/documents/ccpbp/Tambaram.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801144944/http://tnuifsl.com/documents/ccpbp/Tambaram.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite act|type=Government Order (Manuscript)|index=1756|date=1 December 1964|legislature=Department of Rural Development and Local Administration, [[Government of Tamil Nadu|State Government of Tamil Nadu]]}}</ref> |
In the 1951 census, Tambaram was classified as a [[Nagar panchayat|Town Panchayat]] for the first time.<ref name="census1961">{{Citation |last=Nambiar |first=P.K. |title=Madras District Census Handbook, Chingleput, Part X-VI, Vol-II, VoI-IX - Census 1961 |date=1965 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31273/download/34454/22102_1961_CHI.pdf |work= |volume= |page=68 |type=Census Report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922224511/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/31274/download/34455/22101_1961_CHI.pdf |chapter=General Population Tables—"A" Series |publication-place=Madras |publisher=The Director of Stationery and Printing |archive-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> In 1964, Tambaram Town Panchayat was incorporated as a Grade III Municipality by annexing the Village Panchayats of Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=<nowiki>Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund, Government of Tamil Nadu</nowiki> |title=City Corporate cum Business Plan: Tambaram Municipality |date=October 2007 |url=http://tnuifsl.com/documents/ccpbp/Tambaram.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801144944/http://tnuifsl.com/documents/ccpbp/Tambaram.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite act|type=Government Order (Manuscript)|index=1756|date=1 December 1964|legislature=Department of Rural Development and Local Administration, [[Government of Tamil Nadu|State Government of Tamil Nadu]]}}</ref> |
||
Due to rapid development and growth of the town commercially and residentially, the Municipality was classified as a 'Selection Grade Municipality'.<ref name=":0" /> The extent of the municipality was {{cvt|20.72|km2}}. The revenue villages under this municipality are Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur. The number of households is 26,333, the number of notified slums is 17 and the number of unnotified slums is 7.<ref name="autogenerated12">{{cite web |date=1978-11-15 |title=Welcome to Tambaram Municipality Home Page |url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tambaram/gen_info.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309173119/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tambaram/gen_info.htm |archive-date=2012-03-09 |access-date=2012-02-24 |publisher=Municipality.tn.gov.in}}</ref> The Tambaram range comprises forest lands in Nanmangalam, Madurapakkam, Tambaram, Pulikoradu, Kumili, Vandalur, Onnamancherry, Erumaiyur, Vattampakkam and Vadakupattu.<ref>{{cite web |title=After 14 years, encroachments in Nanmangalam reserve forest removed |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-30/chennai/28183139_1_forest-officials-reserve-forest-encroachments |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716003841/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-30/chennai/28183139_1_forest-officials-reserve-forest-encroachments |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=18 September 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> |
Due to rapid development and growth of the town commercially and residentially, the Municipality was classified as a 'Selection Grade Municipality'.<ref name=":0" /> The extent of the municipality was {{cvt|20.72|km2}}. The revenue villages under this municipality are Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur. The number of households is 26,333, the number of notified slums is 17 and the number of unnotified slums is 7.<ref name="autogenerated12">{{cite web |date=1978-11-15 |title=Welcome to Tambaram Municipality Home Page |url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tambaram/gen_info.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309173119/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/tambaram/gen_info.htm |archive-date=2012-03-09 |access-date=2012-02-24 |publisher=Municipality.tn.gov.in}}</ref> The Tambaram range comprises forest lands in Nanmangalam, Madurapakkam, Tambaram, Pulikoradu, Kumili, Vandalur, Onnamancherry, Erumaiyur, Vattampakkam and Vadakupattu.<ref>{{cite web |title=After 14 years, encroachments in Nanmangalam reserve forest removed |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-30/chennai/28183139_1_forest-officials-reserve-forest-encroachments |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716003841/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-30/chennai/28183139_1_forest-officials-reserve-forest-encroachments |archive-date=16 July 2012 |access-date=18 September 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> |
||
Line 103: | Line 112: | ||
==== Incorporation as a city ==== |
==== Incorporation as a city ==== |
||
The increasing population and rapid urbanisation increased the need for town planning, improved administration structure and human resource planning. These demands drove the creation of |
The increasing population and rapid urbanisation increased the need for town planning, improved administration structure and human resource planning. These demands drove the creation of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation.<ref name="tm ref5">{{cite news |date=5 November 2021 |title=Tambaram, Chennai's southern gateway, now a municipal corporation |language=en |publisher=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tambaram-chennais-southern-gateway-now-municipal-corporation-157263 |access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="tm ref4">{{cite news |date=5 November 2021 |title=Tambaram becomes the 20th municipal corporation of Tamil Nadu, Ordinance promulgated |publisher=The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/nov/05/tambaram-becomes-the-20th-municipal-corporation-of-tamil-naduordinance-promulgated-2379839.html |access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref> The announcement to establish the Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was made by Minister for Municipal Administration [[K. N. Nehru]] in the state Assembly, on August 24, 2021<ref name=":3">{{cite web |date= |title=Ordinance issued for formation of Tambaram Corporation |url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2021/11/06062632/1327474/Ordinance-issued-for-formation-of-Tambaram-Corporation.vpf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202104857/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2021/11/06062632/1327474/Ordinance-issued-for-formation-of-Tambaram-Corporation.vpf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 December 2021 |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=DTNext.in}}</ref> by merging five municipalities, five town panchayats and fifteen village panchayats.<ref name="tm ref7">{{cite news |last1=Lopez |first1=Aloysius Xavier |date=30 August 2021 |title=Tambaram Corporation takes shape amidst great expectations |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tambaram-corporation-takes-shape-amidst-great-expectations/article36172796.ece |access-date=3 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Left out of upgrade plans, village panchayats irked |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2021/sep/15/left-out-of-upgrade-plans-village-panchayats-irked-2358882.html |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> |
||
Following a supreme court ruling to conduct rural local body elections by October 2021, the village panchayats elections for [[Pozhichalur]], [[Cowl Bazaar]], [[Tirusulam]], [[Moovarasampettai|Moovarasampattu]], Kovilambakkam, Nanmangalam, [[Medavakkam]], Vengaivasal, [[Perumbakkam]], [[Sithalapakkam]], Ottiyambakkam, Madurambakkam, Agaramthen, Thiruvancheri, [[Mudichur]] of the St.Thomas Mount panchayat union were held. As a result, the 15 village panchayats were excluded from the Government order issued by the State [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] on September 11, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rural local body polls in 9 districts on Oct. 6, 9 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/rural-local-body-polls-in-9-districts-on-oct-6-9/article36444134.ece |access-date=2022-02-19}}</ref> |
Following a supreme court ruling to conduct rural local body elections by October 2021, the village panchayats elections for [[Pozhichalur]], [[Cowl Bazaar]], [[Tirusulam]], [[Moovarasampettai|Moovarasampattu]], Kovilambakkam, Nanmangalam, [[Medavakkam]], Vengaivasal, [[Perumbakkam]], [[Sithalapakkam]], Ottiyambakkam, Madurambakkam, Agaramthen, Thiruvancheri, [[Mudichur]] of the St.Thomas Mount panchayat union were held. As a result, the 15 village panchayats were excluded from the Government order issued by the State [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] on September 11, 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rural local body polls in 9 districts on Oct. 6, 9 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/rural-local-body-polls-in-9-districts-on-oct-6-9/article36444134.ece |access-date=2022-02-19}}</ref> |
||
The five municipalities— |
The five municipalities—[[Anakaputhur]], [[Pallavaram]], [[Pammal]], [[Sembakkam]] and Tambaram, and five town panchayats—[[Chitlapakkam]], [[Madambakkam]], [[Perungalathur|Perungaluthur]], [[Peerkankaranai|Peerkangaranai]] and [[Thiruneermalai|Tiruneermalai]], were incorporated as Tambaram City, with Tambaram City Municipal Corporation as governing body.<ref name="thehindu.com6">{{Cite news |date=5 November 2021 |title=Gazette notification on Tambaram Municipal Corporation |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/gazette-notification-on-tambaram-municipal-corporation/article37339026.ece}}</ref> After the tenure of existing village panchayats ends in 2024, the proposed village panchayats may get annexed into corporation limits, and may accordingly be converted into urban wards.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Village panchayats’ merger only in 2026 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/nov/04/village-panchayats-merger-only-in-2026-2379475.html |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> |
||
== Geography == |
== Geography == |
||
=== Climate === |
=== Climate === |
||
Tambaram features a [[Tropical savanna climate|tropical |
Tambaram features a [[Tropical savanna climate|tropical savanna climate with a dry winter]]. Tambaram lies on the [[thermal equator]] and is also coastal, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. For most of the year, the weather is hot and [[Humidity|humid]]. The hottest part of the year is late May and early June, known locally as ''Agni Nakshatram'' ("fiery star") or as ''Kathiri Veyyil'', with maximum temperatures around {{convert|38|–|42|C|lk=on|F}}. The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around {{convert|18|–|20|C|F}}. The lowest temperature recorded is {{convert|15.8|°C|°F|abbr=on}} and highest {{convert|45|°C|°F|abbr=on}}(30 May 2003) both being recorded at the observatory at IMD Numgambakkam.<ref name="Singapore-temp">{{cite web |title=Climate of India |url=http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1111 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006131405/http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1111 |archive-date=6 October 2006 |access-date=4 August 2005 |work=National Environment Agency – Singapore}}</ref><ref name="hightemp">{{cite news |date=31 May 2003 |title=Highest temperature |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/05/31/stories/2003053104790101.htm |url-status=usurped |access-date=2007-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711171303/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2003/05/31/stories/2003053104790101.htm |archive-date=11 July 2011}}</ref> |
||
The average annual [[rainfall]] is about {{convert|1400|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The city gets most of its [[season]]al rainfall from the north-east [[monsoon]] winds, from mid-September to mid-December. [[Cyclone]]s in the Bay of Bengal sometimes hit Tambaram. The highest annual rainfall recorded is {{cvt|2,570|mm}} in 2005 for IMD Nungambakkam.<ref>{{cite news |author=T. Ramakrishnan |date=3 January 2006 |title=Entering 2006, city's reservoirs filled to the brim |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/03/stories/2006010315310300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2007-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228083427/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/03/stories/2006010315310300.htm |archive-date=28 February 2007}}</ref> The most prevailing winds in Tambaram is the Southwesterly between the end of May to end of September and the Northeasterly during the rest of the year.{{Weather box |
The average annual [[rainfall]] is about {{convert|1400|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The city gets most of its [[season]]al rainfall from the north-east [[monsoon]] winds, from mid-September to mid-December. [[Cyclone]]s in the Bay of Bengal sometimes hit Tambaram. The highest annual rainfall recorded is {{cvt|2,570|mm}} in 2005 for IMD Nungambakkam.<ref>{{cite news |author=T. Ramakrishnan |date=3 January 2006 |title=Entering 2006, city's reservoirs filled to the brim |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/03/stories/2006010315310300.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2007-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228083427/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/03/stories/2006010315310300.htm |archive-date=28 February 2007}}</ref> The most prevailing winds in Tambaram is the Southwesterly between the end of May to end of September and the Northeasterly during the rest of the year.{{Weather box |
||
Line 293: | Line 302: | ||
== Governance == |
== Governance == |
||
{{Main articles|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation}} |
|||
Tambaram is governed by the [[Tambaram City Municipal Corporation]], which was established on November 3, 2021.<ref name="thehindu.com6" /> The executive authority is vested in [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Corporation Commissioner]].<ref name="thehindu.com6" /> The current Corporation Commissioner is R. Alagumeena, who has held the position since 12th February 2023. |
|||
=== Administration Divisions === |
|||
{{See also|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation#Administrative Divisions|label 1=Administrative Divisions}} |
|||
When Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was established on 3rd November 2021, it consisted of 70 wards under 5 zones. |
|||
The Council of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation consists of elected [[councillors]] from each ward. The Council is presided over by the Mayor who is indirectly elected by the councillors.<ref name="thehindu.com6" /> The Mayor is the head of the city government, but the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the Corporation Commissioner. The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the city government meeting as well as a ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city.<ref name="thehindu.com6" /> Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor for a five-year term.<ref name="thehindu.com6" /> |
|||
=== Executive Branch === |
|||
{{See also|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation#Corporation Commissioner|label 1=Executive Branch}} |
|||
At the present, the corporation is governed by [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] which collectively holds 54 out of 70 seats in the Council. The opposition is led by [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] which holds 9 seats in the Council. The current Mayor is Vasanthakumari Kamalakannan, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022. The current Deputy Mayor is G Kamaraj, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022. |
|||
The executive authority in Tambaram City is vested in Corporation Commissioner.<ref name="thehindu.com6"/><ref name=":24">The Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation Act of 1981, Tamil Nadu Act XXV OF 1981 (1981)</ref> The current Corporation Commissioner is R. Alagumeena, who has held the position since 12th February 2023. |
|||
=== |
=== Administration Divisions === |
||
{{See also|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation# |
{{See also|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation#Administrative Divisions|label 1=Administrative Divisions}} |
||
When Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was established on 3rd November 2021, it consisted of 70 wards under 5 zones.<ref name="thehindu.com6" /> |
|||
The legislative branch of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation consists of a council of elected [[councillors]] from each ward. The Legislative body is presided over by the Mayor who is indirectly elected by the councillors.<ref name="thehindu.com6"/><ref name=":24"/> The Mayor is the head of the municipal corporation, but the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the [[Municipal Commissioner (India)|Corporation Commissioner]]. The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the Corporation meeting as well as a ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city.<ref name="thehindu.com6"/><ref name=":24"/> Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor for a five-year term.<ref name="thehindu.com6"/><ref name=":24"/> |
|||
At the present, the corporation is governed by [[Secular Progressive Alliance]] which collectively holds 54 out of 70 seats in the council. The opposition is led by [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] which holds 9 seats in the council. The current Mayor is Vasanthakumari Kamalakannan, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022. The current Deputy Mayor is G Kamaraj, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022. |
|||
=== Law and order === |
=== Law and order === |
||
{{See also|Tambaram City Police|label 1=}} |
{{See also|Tambaram City Police|label 1=}} |
||
In September 2021, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|State Government of Tamil Nadu]] revealed its plans of reforming the [[Greater Chennai Police|Greater Chennai City Police]] and setting up two new commissionerates in Tambaram and Avadi |
In September 2021, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu|State Government of Tamil Nadu]] revealed its plans of reforming the [[Greater Chennai Police|Greater Chennai City Police]] and setting up two new commissionerates in Tambaram and Avadi. The new Police Commissionerates in Tambaram was formally inaugurated by the Chief Minister [[M. K. Stalin]] on 1 January 2022. |
||
The Tambaram police commissionerate |
The Tambaram police commissionerate functions with two police districts—Tambaram and Pallikaranai, comprising 20 police stations. For ease of administration, Somangalam and Manimangalam police stations from Kancheepuram district along with Otteri, Guduvanchery, Maraimalai Nagar, Thalambur and Kelambakkam police stations from Chengalpattu district have been attached to the Tambaram Police Commissionerate.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 2022 |title=New Police Commissionerates in Tambaram, Avadi opened |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/new-police-commissionerates-in-tambaram-avadi-opened/article38085909.ece}}</ref> |
||
=== Urban Planning === |
=== Urban Planning === |
||
{{See also|Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority}} |
{{See also|Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority}} |
||
The [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) is the nodal agency responsible for planning and development of Tambaram. It is responsible for all the three [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]] in the [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]]—[[Tambaram City Municipal Corporation]], [[Avadi Municipal Corporation]], [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] and [[Kancheepuram City Municipal Corporation]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Srivathsan |first=A. |date=2013-09-19 |title=Indecisiveness keeps urban projects on hold |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/indecisiveness-keeps-urban-projects-on-hold/article5142863.ece |access-date=2022-03-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
The [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) is the nodal agency responsible for planning and development of Tambaram. It is responsible for all the three [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]] in the [[Chennai Metropolitan Area]]—[[Tambaram City Municipal Corporation]], [[Avadi Municipal Corporation]], [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] and [[Kancheepuram City Municipal Corporation]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Srivathsan |first=A. |date=2013-09-19 |title=Indecisiveness keeps urban projects on hold |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/indecisiveness-keeps-urban-projects-on-hold/article5142863.ece |access-date=2022-03-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
||
== Politics == |
|||
=== National elections === |
|||
{{See also|Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency|label 1=Sriperumbudur House of the People constituency}} |
|||
{| style="text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
{| style="text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan=" |
! colspan="7" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Members of House of the People |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
||
! |
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |[[Sriperumbudur Lok Sabha constituency|Sriperumbudur]] |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
!scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|DMDK]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
![[Indian National Congress|INC]] |
|||
!{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
!colspan="2" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Party |
|||
! |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:8em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:1em;" |Member |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
! |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="text-align:left;" |[[2019 Indian general election|2019]] |
|||
! style="text-align:left;" |2022<ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Tamil Nadu State Election Commission |title=Municipal City Corporations: Chengalpattu District |date=22 February 2022 |url=https://tnsec.tn.nic.in/tnsec_upload/results/ulbe2022/corp_cpt.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406132443/https://tnsec.tn.nic.in/tnsec_upload/results/ulbe2022/corp_cpt.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2023 |author-link=Tamil Nadu State Election Commission}}</ref> |
|||
! style="border-right:0.25px solid black; border-left:0.25px solid black; width:4px; background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
|1.05% |
|||
|{{no2|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]}} |
|||
| style="padding-right:0.25em;" |— |
|||
|{{no2|[[T. R. Baalu]]}} |
|||
|24.65% |
|||
|- |
|||
| style="padding-right:0.25em;" |— |
|||
| colspan="15" style="text-align: left; border-top:1px solid black;" |<small>Source: [[Election Commission of India]]</small> |
|||
|5.98% |
|||
|}{{clear}} |
|||
| style="padding-right:0.25em;" |— |
|||
|0.79% |
|||
=== State elections === |
|||
| style="padding-right:0.25em;" |— |
|||
{{See also|Pallavaram Assembly constituency|Tambaram Assembly constituency|label 1=Pallavaram Legislative Assembly constituency|label 2=Tambaram Legislative Assembly constituency}} |
|||
|2.62% |
|||
| style=" |
{| style="text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
||
|- |
|||
|39.92% |
|||
! colspan="7" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Members of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |
|||
| style="padding-right:0.25em;" |— |
|||
|- |
|||
|2.26% |
|||
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
|||
|— |
|||
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |[[Pallavaram Assembly constituency|Pallavaram]] |
|||
! colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |[[Tambaram Assembly constituency|Tambaram]] |
|||
|- |
|||
!colspan="2" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Party |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:8em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:1em;" |Member |
|||
!colspan="2" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Party |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:8em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:1em;" |Member |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align:left;" |[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]] |
|||
! style="border-right:0.25px solid black; border-left:0.25px solid black; width:4px; background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
|{{yes2|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]}} |
|||
|{{yes2|[[I. Karunanithi]]}} |
|||
! style="border-right:0.25px solid black; border-left:0.25px solid black; width:4px; background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
|{{yes2|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]}} |
|||
|{{yes2|[[S. R. Raja]]}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="15" style="text-align: left; border-top:1px solid black;" |<small>Source: [[Election Commission of India]]</small> |
|||
|}{{clear}} |
|||
=== Local elections === |
|||
{{See also|Tambaram City Municipal Corporation#Electoral history|label 1=Electoral history of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation}} |
|||
{| style="text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="15" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Popular vote |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="3" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|DMDK]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] |
|||
|- style="height:6px;" |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"| |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Votes |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Votes |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Votes |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Votes |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Votes |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Votes |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Votes |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align:left;" |[[2022 Tambaram City municipal corporation election|2022]]<ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Tamil Nadu State Election Commission |title=Municipal City Corporations: Chengalpattu District |date=22 February 2022 |url=https://tnsec.tn.nic.in/tnsec_upload/results/ulbe2022/corp_cpt.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406132443/https://tnsec.tn.nic.in/tnsec_upload/results/ulbe2022/corp_cpt.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2023 |author-link=Tamil Nadu State Election Commission}}</ref> |
|||
| {{lost|1.05}} |
|||
| {{lost|—}} |
|||
| {{no2|24.65%}} |
|||
| {{no2|—}} |
|||
| {{lost|5.98%}} |
|||
| {{lost|—}} |
|||
| {{yes2|0.79%}} |
|||
| {{yes2|—}} |
|||
| {{lost|2.62%}} |
|||
| {{lost|—}} |
|||
| {{yes2|39.92%}} |
|||
| {{yes2|—}} |
|||
| {{yes2|2.26%}} |
|||
| {{yes2|—}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="15" style="text-align: left; border-top:1px solid black;" |<small>Source: [[Tamil Nadu State Election Commission]]</small> |
| colspan="15" style="text-align: left; border-top:1px solid black;" |<small>Source: [[Tamil Nadu State Election Commission]]</small> |
||
|}{{clear}} |
|}{{clear}} |
||
{| style="text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="15" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Seats |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan="3" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|DMDK]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] |
|||
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0.25px solid black;" |[[Indian National Congress|INC]] |
|||
|- style="height:6px;" |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}};"| |
|||
! colspan="2" style="border-bottom:0.25px solid black; background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"| |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Seats |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Seats |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Seats |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Seats |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Seats |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Seats |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Seats |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|+/-|Swing}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align:left;" |[[2022 Tambaram City municipal corporation election|2022]]<ref name=":12" /> |
|||
|{{lost|0}} |
|||
|{{lost|—}} |
|||
|{{no2|9}} |
|||
|{{no2|—}} |
|||
|{{lost|0}} |
|||
|{{lost|—}} |
|||
|{{yes2|1}} |
|||
|{{yes2|—}} |
|||
|{{lost|0}} |
|||
|{{lost|—}} |
|||
|{{yes2|50}} |
|||
|{{yes2|—}} |
|||
|{{yes2|2}} |
|||
|{{yes2|—}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| colspan="15" style="text-align: left; border-top:1px solid black;" |<small>Source: [[Tamil Nadu State Election Commission]]</small> |
|||
|}{{clear}} |
|||
== Demographics == |
== Demographics == |
||
{| style="float:right; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
{| style="float:right; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
||
Line 384: | Line 493: | ||
! scope="col" style="width:6em; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
! scope="col" style="width:6em; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Population |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Population |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="text-align:left;" |2021 (est.) |
! style="text-align:left;" |2021 (est.) |
||
Line 404: | Line 513: | ||
! colspan="5" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Sex Ratio |
! colspan="5" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Sex Ratio |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
||
| |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Sex Ratio |
|||
| |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:6em; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:12em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Relative Difference |
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:12em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Relative Difference |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Sex Ratio |
||
! style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! style="width:6em; padding-right:0.25em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
! style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Tamil Nadu |
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Tamil Nadu |
||
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |India |
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |India |
||
Line 427: | Line 535: | ||
! colspan="5" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Gender Parity in Adult Literacy |
! colspan="5" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Gender Parity in Adult Literacy |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
||
| |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:6em;" |Literacy |
|||
| |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:6em; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:12em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Relative Difference |
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width:12em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Relative Difference |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Literacy |
||
! style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! style="width:6em; padding-right:0.25em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
! style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Tamil Nadu |
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Tamil Nadu |
||
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |India |
! scope="col" style="width:6em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |India |
||
Line 447: | Line 554: | ||
|} |
|} |
||
{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
||
=== Caste === |
=== Caste === |
||
{| style="text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
{| style="text-align: center; border-spacing: 0;" |
||
Line 452: | Line 560: | ||
! colspan="9" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Caste |
! colspan="9" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Caste |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
||
! |
! colspan="2" |[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|SCs]] |
||
! colspan="2" |[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|STs]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Other Backward Class|OBCs]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|ST]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |Others |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
|- |
|||
!scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Other Backward Class|OBCs]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="text-align:left;" |2011 |
! style="text-align:left;" |2011 |
||
Line 479: | Line 592: | ||
! colspan="13" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Native Language Speakers |
! colspan="13" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Native Language Speakers |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
||
! |
! colspan="2" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]] |
||
! colspan="2" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Urdu]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Malayalam]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Hindi]] |
|||
!scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Urdu]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Kannada]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Malayalam]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="text-align:left;" |2011<ref>{{Citation |last=<nowiki>Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India</nowiki> |title=Table C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level), Tamil Nadu - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10259 |work=Census of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925183449/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10259 |url-status= |id=PC11_C16city-33 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |author-link=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}</ref> |
! style="text-align:left;" |2011<ref>{{Citation |last=<nowiki>Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India</nowiki> |title=Table C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level), Tamil Nadu - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10259 |work=Census of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925183449/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10259 |url-status= |id=PC11_C16city-33 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |author-link=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}</ref> |
||
Line 514: | Line 634: | ||
! colspan="13" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Religion |
! colspan="13" style="background: lavender; border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-right:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:none; border-left:1px #aaa solid" |Religion |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! |
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em; text-align:left; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |Year |
||
! |
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism|Hindus]] |
||
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity|Christians]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Islam|Muslims]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Christianity|Christians]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism|Jains]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism|Sikhs]] |
|||
!scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Islam|Muslims]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |[[Jainism|Jains]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" | |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}} |
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black;" |% |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:4em; border-bottom:1px solid black; padding-right:0.25em;" |{{Nowrap|{{Abbr|±%p.a|per annum change rate}}}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! style="text-align:left;" |2011<ref>{{Citation |last=<nowiki>Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India</nowiki> |title=Primary Census Abstract - By religion, Tamil Nadu - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11356 |work=Census of India |id=PCA_REL-33 |author-link=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}</ref> |
! style="text-align:left;" |2011<ref>{{Citation |last=<nowiki>Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India</nowiki> |title=Primary Census Abstract - By religion, Tamil Nadu - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11356 |work=Census of India |id=PCA_REL-33 |author-link=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}</ref> |
||
Line 633: | Line 760: | ||
[[File:Madras Christian College.jpg|thumb|[[Madras Christian College]] entrance]] |
[[File:Madras Christian College.jpg|thumb|[[Madras Christian College]] entrance]] |
||
[[File:National Institute of Siddha.jpg|thumb|[[National Institute of Siddha]] entrance]] |
[[File:National Institute of Siddha.jpg|thumb|[[National Institute of Siddha]] entrance]] |
||
[[File:Tambaram Railway Station Entrance.jpg|thumb|[[Tambaram railway station]] ]] |
|||
[[File:Perungalathur Gateway office park.jpg|thumb|Perungalathur Gateway office park]] |
[[File:Perungalathur Gateway office park.jpg|thumb|Perungalathur Gateway office park]] |
||
[[File:Thiruneermalai Temple.jpg|thumb|Thiruneermalai Temple overlooking the temple pond]] |
[[File:Thiruneermalai Temple.jpg|thumb|Thiruneermalai Temple overlooking the temple pond]] |
Revision as of 03:36, 12 May 2024
Tambaram is a city located within the Chennai Metropolitan Area in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu.[2] The city is governed by Tambaram City Municipal Corporation.[6]
Etymology
Tambaram is an ancient town referred to as Taamapuram in an inscription of the 13th century. The word was inscribed on the walls around the sanctum sanctorum at Marundeeswarar temple in Tirukachur village, near Chengalpattu.[7]
History
The earliest mention of Tambaram dates back to the 13th century when the word 'Taamapuram' was inscribed on the walls around the sanctum sanctorum at Marundeeswarar temple in Tirukachur village, near Chengalpattu.[7]
Old Stone Age
The oldest locality in the city is Pallavapuram which is considered one of the oldest inhabited places in South Asia.[8] Pallavapuram is most commonly known today as Pallavaram.[9]
On May 13, 1863, Robert Bruce Foote, a British geologist with the Geological Survey of India (GSI), discovered a hand axe belonging to the Lower Palaeolithic Age at Pallavaram (Pallavapuram).[10][11] Since then, several Stone Age artefacts have been discovered.[11] Most of these artefacts are currently lodged in the Egmore museum.[11]
Early Medieval Period
Pallava Dynasty
The oldest locality in the city, Pallavapuram, existed during the reign of Pallava king Mahendravarman I (600–630 CE). The Pallavas have left titles in early Pallava script at the cave temple in Pallavaram neighbourhood, which dates back to 600 CE. The remains of a cave shrine constructed by the Pallava ruler have been found at Asthana-E-Moula Ali Dargah.[12]
Chola Dynasty
During the reign of Later Cholas, from ninth to twelfth century CE, the region was called Churathur Nadu. Churathur Nadu was named after Thiruchuram, the present-day Trisulam. The Churathur Nadu extended from Tambaram in the south to Adambakkam and Alandur in the north. The region included the areas of Pammal, Pallavaram, and Thiruneermalai.[13][14]
Colonial Period
During the Carnatic wars in the late 17th century, the city was an entrenchment camp for the British East India Company. During the 17th century, Pallavaram neighborhood of the city remained dependent upon the Portuguese colony of San Thome. Later, the British established a cantonment at Pallavaram, supplementary to the one at St. Thomas Mount.
A wireless station was established in the early years of the 20th century. The Madras Aerodrome was opened at Pallavaram in 1929.
Post-Independence
In the 1951 census, Tambaram was classified as a Town Panchayat for the first time.[1] In 1964, Tambaram Town Panchayat was incorporated as a Grade III Municipality by annexing the Village Panchayats of Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur.[15][16]
Due to rapid development and growth of the town commercially and residentially, the Municipality was classified as a 'Selection Grade Municipality'.[15] The extent of the municipality was 20.72 km2 (8.00 sq mi). The revenue villages under this municipality are Pulikoradu, Kadapperi, Tambaram, Irumbliyur, and Selaiyur. The number of households is 26,333, the number of notified slums is 17 and the number of unnotified slums is 7.[17] The Tambaram range comprises forest lands in Nanmangalam, Madurapakkam, Tambaram, Pulikoradu, Kumili, Vandalur, Onnamancherry, Erumaiyur, Vattampakkam and Vadakupattu.[18]
In 2009, Tambaram taluk was trifurcated into Tambaram, Sholinganallur and Alandur taluks. Clubbing all the three taluks, a new revenue division with Tambaram as headquarters was formed.[19]
Incorporation as a city
The increasing population and rapid urbanisation increased the need for town planning, improved administration structure and human resource planning. These demands drove the creation of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation.[6][20] The announcement to establish the Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was made by Minister for Municipal Administration K. N. Nehru in the state Assembly, on August 24, 2021[21] by merging five municipalities, five town panchayats and fifteen village panchayats.[22][23]
Following a supreme court ruling to conduct rural local body elections by October 2021, the village panchayats elections for Pozhichalur, Cowl Bazaar, Tirusulam, Moovarasampattu, Kovilambakkam, Nanmangalam, Medavakkam, Vengaivasal, Perumbakkam, Sithalapakkam, Ottiyambakkam, Madurambakkam, Agaramthen, Thiruvancheri, Mudichur of the St.Thomas Mount panchayat union were held. As a result, the 15 village panchayats were excluded from the Government order issued by the State Government of Tamil Nadu on September 11, 2021.[24]
The five municipalities—Anakaputhur, Pallavaram, Pammal, Sembakkam and Tambaram, and five town panchayats—Chitlapakkam, Madambakkam, Perungaluthur, Peerkangaranai and Tiruneermalai, were incorporated as Tambaram City, with Tambaram City Municipal Corporation as governing body.[25] After the tenure of existing village panchayats ends in 2024, the proposed village panchayats may get annexed into corporation limits, and may accordingly be converted into urban wards.[26]
Geography
Climate
Tambaram features a tropical savanna climate with a dry winter. Tambaram lies on the thermal equator and is also coastal, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. For most of the year, the weather is hot and humid. The hottest part of the year is late May and early June, known locally as Agni Nakshatram ("fiery star") or as Kathiri Veyyil, with maximum temperatures around 38–42 °C (100–108 °F). The coolest part of the year is January, with minimum temperatures around 18–20 °C (64–68 °F). The lowest temperature recorded is 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) and highest 45 °C (113 °F)(30 May 2003) both being recorded at the observatory at IMD Numgambakkam.[27][28]
The average annual rainfall is about 1,400 mm (55 in). The city gets most of its seasonal rainfall from the north-east monsoon winds, from mid-September to mid-December. Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal sometimes hit Tambaram. The highest annual rainfall recorded is 2,570 mm (101 in) in 2005 for IMD Nungambakkam.[29] The most prevailing winds in Tambaram is the Southwesterly between the end of May to end of September and the Northeasterly during the rest of the year.
Climate data for Tambaram, Tamil Nadu, India (Nungambakkam) 1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 34.4 (93.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
41.3 (106.3) |
42.8 (109.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
43.3 (109.9) |
41.1 (106.0) |
40.0 (104.0) |
38.9 (102.0) |
39.4 (102.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
33.0 (91.4) |
45.0 (113.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
34.5 (94.1) |
37.1 (98.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.2 (93.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
33.1 (91.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.2 (77.4) |
26.6 (79.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.4 (90.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
30.3 (86.5) |
29.8 (85.6) |
28.4 (83.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.2 (75.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 25.9 (1.02) |
3.4 (0.13) |
3.5 (0.14) |
14.4 (0.57) |
34.2 (1.35) |
55.8 (2.20) |
103.8 (4.09) |
126.8 (4.99) |
147.7 (5.81) |
315.6 (12.43) |
399.9 (15.74) |
177.4 (6.98) |
1,382.9 (54.44) |
Average rainy days | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 5.8 | 58.8 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 67 | 66 | 67 | 70 | 68 | 63 | 65 | 66 | 71 | 76 | 76 | 71 | 69 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 232.5 | 240.1 | 291.4 | 294.0 | 300.7 | 234.0 | 142.6 | 189.1 | 195.0 | 257.3 | 261.0 | 210.8 | 2,848.5 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.7 | 7.8 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 6.8 | 7.8 |
Source 1: Indian Meteorological Department | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Japan Meteorological Agency[30] |
Water Bodies
Some of the notable lakes in and around the suburb are Chitlapakkam Lake, Pallavaram Lake (locally known as Periya eri), Thiruneermalai Lake, Thirupananthal Lake, Peerkankaranai Lake, and Perungalathur Lake.
Governance
Tambaram is governed by the Tambaram City Municipal Corporation, which was established on November 3, 2021.[25] The executive authority is vested in Corporation Commissioner.[25] The current Corporation Commissioner is R. Alagumeena, who has held the position since 12th February 2023.
The Council of Tambaram City Municipal Corporation consists of elected councillors from each ward. The Council is presided over by the Mayor who is indirectly elected by the councillors.[25] The Mayor is the head of the city government, but the role is largely ceremonial as executive powers are vested in the Corporation Commissioner. The office of the Mayor combines a functional role of chairing the city government meeting as well as a ceremonial role associated with being the First Citizen of the city.[25] Deputy Mayor is appointed by the Mayor for a five-year term.[25]
At the present, the corporation is governed by Secular Progressive Alliance which collectively holds 54 out of 70 seats in the Council. The opposition is led by All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam which holds 9 seats in the Council. The current Mayor is Vasanthakumari Kamalakannan, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022. The current Deputy Mayor is G Kamaraj, who assumed the position on 4 March 2022.
Administration Divisions
When Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was established on 3rd November 2021, it consisted of 70 wards under 5 zones.[25]
Law and order
In September 2021, the State Government of Tamil Nadu revealed its plans of reforming the Greater Chennai City Police and setting up two new commissionerates in Tambaram and Avadi. The new Police Commissionerates in Tambaram was formally inaugurated by the Chief Minister M. K. Stalin on 1 January 2022.
The Tambaram police commissionerate functions with two police districts—Tambaram and Pallikaranai, comprising 20 police stations. For ease of administration, Somangalam and Manimangalam police stations from Kancheepuram district along with Otteri, Guduvanchery, Maraimalai Nagar, Thalambur and Kelambakkam police stations from Chengalpattu district have been attached to the Tambaram Police Commissionerate.[35]
Urban Planning
The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) is the nodal agency responsible for planning and development of Tambaram. It is responsible for all the three Municipal Corporation in the Chennai Metropolitan Area—Tambaram City Municipal Corporation, Avadi Municipal Corporation, Greater Chennai Corporation and Kancheepuram City Municipal Corporation.[36]
Politics
National elections
Members of House of the People | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Sriperumbudur | |||||||||||||
Party | Member | |||||||||||||
2019 | DMK | T. R. Baalu | ||||||||||||
Source: Election Commission of India |
State elections
Members of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Pallavaram | Tambaram | ||||||||||||
Party | Member | Party | Member | |||||||||||
2021 | DMK | I. Karunanithi | DMK | S. R. Raja | ||||||||||
Source: Election Commission of India |
Local elections
Popular vote | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | AAP | AIADMK | BJP | CPI(M) | DMDK | DMK | INC | |||||||
Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | Votes | +/- | |
2022[37] | 1.05 | — | 24.65% | — | 5.98% | — | 0.79% | — | 2.62% | — | 39.92% | — | 2.26% | — |
Source: Tamil Nadu State Election Commission |
Seats | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | AAP | AIADMK | BJP | CPI(M) | DMDK | DMK | INC | |||||||
Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
2022[37] | 0 | — | 9 | — | 0 | — | 1 | — | 0 | — | 50 | — | 2 | — |
Source: Tamil Nadu State Election Commission |
Demographics
Population | ||
---|---|---|
Year | Population | ±%p.a |
2021 (est.) | 960,887 | +3.29% |
2011 | 722,982 | — |
Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |
According to the 2011 Census of India conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Tambaram had a population of 722,982, with 364,012 being male and 358,970 being female.[3] The 2021 population estimates project the population of Tambaram at 960,887.[4][38]
Gender
Sex Ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Relative Difference | |||
Sex Ratio | ±%p.a | Tamil Nadu | India | |
2011 | 986 | — | ![]() |
![]() |
Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |
Gender Parity in Adult Literacy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Relative Difference | |||
Literacy | ±%p.a | Tamil Nadu | India | |
2011 | 0.93 | — | ![]() |
![]() |
Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |
Caste
Caste | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | SCs | STs | OBCs | Others | ||||
% | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | |
2011 | 15.09% | — | 0.57% | — | — | — | 84.32% | — |
Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |
Language
Native Language Speakers | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Tamil | Telugu | Urdu | Malayalam | Hindi | Kannada | ||||||
% | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | |
2011[39] | 87.02% | — | 8.14% | — | 2.37% | — | 2.10% | — | 1.44% | — | 0.77% | — |
Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |
Religion
Religion | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Hindus | Christians | Muslims | Jains | Sikhs | Buddhist | ||||||
% | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | % | ±%p.a | |
2011[40] | 82.97% | — | 10.23% | — | 6.47% | — | 0.19% | — | 0.05% | — | 0.03% | — |
Source: Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |
Economy
When established, Tambaram City Municipal Corporation was estimated to earn ₹ 3 billion in revenue approximately through local bodies connected to it.[41]
Madras Export Processing Zone
Madras Export Processing Zone (MEPZ) is a special economic zone located on GST Road, six kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Chennai International Airport. It is one of the seven export processing zones in the country set up by the central government.[42] It was established in 1984 to promote foreign direct investment, enhance foreign exchange earnings, and create greater employment opportunities in the region.[43]
The zone is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industries and caters to the needs of units within the SEZ, in addition to monitoring the functions of 100-percent export-oriented units (EOUs) located in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.[44] The zone is headed by a development commissioner.
Spread over an area of 265 acres (109 hectares),[44] MEPZ SEZ is a multi-product zone housing 117 functional units.[45] In addition, another 27 units are under various stages of implementation.[45] The zone employs over 26,000 people.[44] In the manufacturing front, there are 110 SME units in the zone. MEPZ's manufacturing sector employs nearly 20,000 people.[44] IT companies housed in the zone include Cognizant Technology Solutions, Computer Sciences Corporation, CSS and HTC Global Services among others.[43] About 50 container trucks arrive at and leave the zone every day.[46]
Culture
Architecture
Dravidian
Medieval Cholas
Dhenupureeswarar Temple
Dhenupureeswarar Temple is also known as Dhenupurisvara, and Thiripureeswarar temple. These names are colloquial name of Hindu deity Shiva. The temple is located in the area of Madambakkam and it was built during the reign of Parantaka Chola II (r. 962–980 CE).[47]
The garbhagriha, which is Sanskrit equivalent of sanctum sanctorum,[48] houses the primary deity Dhenupureeswara in linga form.[47] The main garbhagriha is apsidal in shape and this is a characteristic feature of Shiva Temples built during Chola Period.[49] This type of garbhagriha are known as gajaprishta vimana, where "gajaprishta" literally means "back of an elephant" in Samskrit.[50] This type of vimana here is a separate south-facing garbhagriha for the Dhenupureeswarar's Consort Goddess Dhenukambal adjacent to the main garbhagriha.
The epigraphs in the temple date to the reign of Kulottunga Chola III and Rajaraja Chola III of Chola Dynasty; Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I of Pandya Dyanasty; Kampana Udaiyar and Devaraya II of Sangama dynasty and Sadasiva Raya of Tuluva dynasty. These epigraphs and expansions shows the continued patronage of the temple under various dyanastic rule.[47]
The temple is one of the 163 megalithic sites in the state of Tamil Nadu.[51] The temple has been declared a monument of national importance under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (amendment and validation) 2010 Act.[52] The temple has been conserved and restored by Archaeological Survey of India.[53]
Infrastructure
Transportation
Rail
The Tambaram Railway Station serves as one of the four primary terminals of the Indian Railways in the Chennai Metropolitan Area. The other three terminals are Chennai Central, Chennai Egmore, Chennai Beach. The inter-state railway service is provided by Southern Railway of Indian Railways. The inter-city railway service is provided by Chennai Suburban Railway operated by Indian Railways.
Inter-state
Similar to Chennai Egmore Station, Tambaram Railway Station provides access to destinations primarily within Tamil Nadu; however, it also handles a few interstate trains.
Inter-city
Chennai Suburban Railway
The Chennai Suburban Railway is a commuter rail system in the Chennai Metropolitan Area, operated by the Indian Railways. Every day, 160 train services are operated between Chennai Beach and Tambaram, 70 between Tambaram and Chengalpet and 16 between Tambaram and Kancheepuram.[54]
The City is served by the South Line of Chennai Suburban Railway which runs between Chennai Beach to Chengalpattu. The South Line connects Tambaram with seven major interchange stations out of the eight in Chennai Suburban Railway Network.
The longest circular train in India runs through Tambaram, connecting the City with Chennai Beach, Egmore, Chengalpattu, Kanchipuram, Takkolam, Arakkonam Junction, Tiruvallur, Avadi, Ambattur, Vyasarpadi Jeeva, Washermanpet and Royapuram.
Notable places
- Embassy splendid IT Park, Pallavaram
- Madras Institute of Technology, Chromepet, Pallavapuram. Former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was a student of this institute.[55]
- Madras Christian College, East Tambaram
- Tambaram Air Force Station, Selaiyur
- Thiruneermalai (temple complex), one among the 108 Divya desams
- Rettai Pillayar Koil, Pammal
- National Institute of Siddha, Kadapperi, Tambaram
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram Sanatorium, Chitlapakkam
- Government Hospital, Chromepet, Pallavapuram[56]
- Airport Authority of India Signal Office, Iyyappa Nagar, Pammal
- Dhenupureeswarar Temple, Madambakkam
- Catholic Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima, East Tambaram
- Sankara Eye Hospital, Pammal
- Sri Sankara Vidyalaya Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Pammal
- PKS Fishmarket, Nagalkeni, Pammal
- Holy Family Convent Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Keelkattalai, Pallavapuram
- Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Pallavapuram
- Gateway office IT park, New Perungalathur
- Anakaputhur Jute Weavers Association, Anakaputhur. An internationally renowned place for natural fibre fabrics.[57]
- Velco Cinemas, Anakaputhur
- Ganesh Cinemas Hall, Anakaputhur
- Varadharaja Theatres, Chitlapakkam
- Vettri Theatres, Chromepet, Pallavapuram
- National Theatre, Tambaram
- Dr. Rela Institute & Medical Centre, Chromepet, Pallavapuram
- Royal Balaji Hospital, Chromepet, Pallavapuram
- Sembakkam EB children's Park, Sembakkam
- Sooriyamman Temple Pond and Park, Pammal
- Alavattamman Kovil Park, Kamarajapuram, Sembakkam
Gallery
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Embassy_Splendid_Tech_Zone_Pallavaram.jpg/220px-Embassy_Splendid_Tech_Zone_Pallavaram.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/MIT_ENTRANCE.jpg/220px-MIT_ENTRANCE.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Madras_Christian_College.jpg/220px-Madras_Christian_College.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/National_Institute_of_Siddha.jpg/220px-National_Institute_of_Siddha.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Perungalathur_Gateway_office_park.jpg/220px-Perungalathur_Gateway_office_park.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Thiruneermalai_Temple.jpg/220px-Thiruneermalai_Temple.jpg)
See also
- Tambaram City Municipal Corporation
- Tambaram Police
- Chennai Metropolitan Area
- Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority
- List of municipal corporations in Tamil Nadu
References
- ^ a b Nambiar, P.K. (1965), "General Population Tables—"A" Series", Madras District Census Handbook, Chingleput, Part X-VI, Vol-II, VoI-IX - Census 1961 (PDF) (Census Report), Madras: The Director of Stationery and Printing, p. 68, archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2023
- ^ a b The Tambaram City Municipal Corporation Act, 2022 (PDF) (5). Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Tambaram City Municipal Corporation: Ward-wise Population". Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ a b "தாம்பரம் மாநகராட்சிக்கு அரசாணை வெளியீடு: முதல்கட்டமாக 5 நகராட்சிகள், 5 பேரூராட்சிகள் மட்டுமே இணைப்பு". Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Retrieved 5 March 2022.
- ^ "52nd report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Ministry of Minority Affairs (Government of India). 29 March 2016. p. 132. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017.
- ^ a b "Tambaram, Chennai's southern gateway, now a municipal corporation". The News Minute. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Dr.Gift Siromoney's Home Page". Cmi.ac.in. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ "How Pallavaram changed archeologists' understanding of burial in South Asia". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ Muthiah, S. (2014). Madras Rediscovered. Chennai: EastWest. p. 145. ISBN 978-93-84030-28-5.
- ^ Muthiah, S. (2008). Madras: The land the people & their governance. ISBN 9788183794688.
- ^ a b c Muthiah, Pg 129
- ^ Venkat, Vaishali R. (17 July 2014). "Silent presence for 400 years". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ "Now known for the airport, Tirusulam is actually an ancient, historical part of Puliyur Kottam, aka Chennai". 24 September 2018.
- ^ "History of Chennai Southern Suburbs". Cmi.ac.in. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ a b Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund, Government of Tamil Nadu (October 2007), City Corporate cum Business Plan: Tambaram Municipality (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2014
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Government Order (Manuscript) 1756. Department of Rural Development and Local Administration, State Government of Tamil Nadu. 1 December 1964.
- ^ "Welcome to Tambaram Municipality Home Page". Municipality.tn.gov.in. 15 November 1978. Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
- ^ "After 14 years, encroachments in Nanmangalam reserve forest removed". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Tambaram trifurcated into 3 taluks". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Tambaram becomes the 20th municipal corporation of Tamil Nadu, Ordinance promulgated". The New Indian Express. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
- ^ "Ordinance issued for formation of Tambaram Corporation". DTNext.in. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ Lopez, Aloysius Xavier (30 August 2021). "Tambaram Corporation takes shape amidst great expectations". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
- ^ "Left out of upgrade plans, village panchayats irked". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ "Rural local body polls in 9 districts on Oct. 6, 9". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Gazette notification on Tambaram Municipal Corporation". The Hindu. 5 November 2021.
- ^ "Village panchayats' merger only in 2026". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ "Climate of India". National Environment Agency – Singapore. Archived from the original on 6 October 2006. Retrieved 4 August 2005.
- ^ "Highest temperature". The Hindu. 31 May 2003. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ T. Ramakrishnan (3 January 2006). "Entering 2006, city's reservoirs filled to the brim". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2007.
- ^ "Normals Data". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ "Station: Chennai (Nungambakkam) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 185–186. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M192. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
- ^ "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India" (PDF). Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
- ^ "Chennai Climatological Table 1981–2010". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
- ^ "New Police Commissionerates in Tambaram, Avadi opened". The Hindu. January 2022.
- ^ Srivathsan, A. (19 September 2013). "Indecisiveness keeps urban projects on hold". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
- ^ a b Tamil Nadu State Election Commission (22 February 2022), Municipal City Corporations: Chengalpattu District (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2023
- ^ "தாம்பரம் மாநகராட்சிக்கான அரசாணை வெளியீடு!". Dinamani (in Tamil). Retrieved 5 March 2022.
- ^ Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, "Table C-16 City: Population by mother tongue (town level), Tamil Nadu - 2011", Census of India, PC11_C16city-33, archived from the original on 25 September 2023
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, "Primary Census Abstract - By religion, Tamil Nadu - 2011", Census of India, PCA_REL-33
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Ayyappan, V. (25 September 2021). "Tamil Nadu: It's going to take more than a name change to make Tambaram a corporation | Chennai News – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
- ^ Narasimhan, T. E. (23 June 2010). "Six new SEZs to come up in TN". Business Standard. Chennai. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- ^ a b "MEPZ not to allow more IT firms". Business Standard. Chennai. 29 May 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d Menon, Ravi (8 October 2007). "MEPZ posts 25% growth in exports". Business Standard. Chennai. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- ^ a b "About us". MEPZ.gov.in. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- ^ "New gate at Tambaram SEZ to end traffic hassles on GST Road". The Hindu. Chennai. 24 March 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- ^ a b c "The Hindu : Ancient Chola temple at Madambakkam". 6 December 2003. Archived from the original on 6 December 2003. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ Hardy, Adam (1995). Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation: the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 9788170173120.
- ^ "Several gods adorn the walls here". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ Grover, Satish (1981). The Architecture of India (Buddhist and Hindu period). New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.
- ^ Madhavan, D. (20 December 2012). "National Institute of Siddha modifies expansion plan". The Hindu. Chennai: The Hindu. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ J. V. Siva Prasanna Kumar (3 August 2012). "1,000-year-old Chola legacy draws devotees". The Asian Age. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
- ^ T. Ramakrishnan (2 October 2001). "Restoring past glory". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 22 January 2002. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ Madhavan, D (24 March 2012). "Shortage of funds derails gauge conversion works at Tambaram". The Times of India. Chennai. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ Chandrasekhar, Chandrakala (20 December 2014). "The_Hindu-Chromepet of my childhood". The Hindu.
- ^ "Government Hospital, Chromepet | Chengalpattu District, Government of Tamilnadu | India". Chengalpattu.nic.in. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^ Shekhar, Laasya (30 January 2018). "Internationally famous Anakaputhur weavers waiting for assistance in their home state". Citizen Matters, Chennai. Retrieved 16 February 2022.