[[Image:Krupp Case Judges.jpg|right|frame|The judges in the [[Krupp trial]] (back to front: Daly, Anderson, and Wilkins]]

The '''Subsequent Nuremberg Trials''' (more formally, the ''Trials of War Criminals before the'' '''Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT)''') were a series of twelve U.S. [[military tribunal]]s for [[war crime]]s against surviving members of the military, political, and economical leadership of [[Nazi Germany]], held in [[Nuremberg]] after [[World War II]] from [[1946]] to [[1949]] following the [[Nuremberg Trials|Trial of the Major War Criminals]] before the [[International Military Tribunal]].

==Background==

Although it had been initially planned to hold more than just one ''international'' trial at the IMT, the growing differences between the victorious allies (the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], and [[Soviet Union]]) made this impossible. However, the Control Council Law No. 10, which the [[Allied Control Council]] had issued on [[December 20]], [[1945]], empowered any of the occupying authorities to try suspected war criminals in their respective occupation zones. Based on this law, the U.S. authorities proceeded after the end of the initial Nuremberg Trial against the major war criminals to hold another twelve trials in Nuremberg. The judges in all these trials were American, and so were the prosecutors; the Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was [[Brigadier General]] [[Telford Taylor]]. In the other occupation zones similar trials took place.

==Trials==

The twelve U.S. trials before the NMT took place from [[December 9]], [[1946]] to [[April 13]], [[1949]]. The trials were:

# The [[Doctors' Trial]] ([[9 December]] 1946 - [[20 August]] [[1947]])

# The [[Milch Trial]] ([[2 January]] - [[14 April]] 1947)

# The [[Judges' Trial]] ([[5 March]] - [[4 December]] 1947)

# The [[Pohl Trial]] ([[8 April]] - [[3 November]] 1947)

# The [[Flick Trial]] ([[19 April]] - [[22 December]] 1947)

# The [[Hostages Trial]] ([[8 July]] 1947 – [[19 February]] [[1948]])

# The [[IG Farben Trial]] ([[27 August]] 1947 - [[30 July]] 1948)

# The [[Einsatzgruppen Trial]] ([[29 September]] 1947 - [[10 April]] 1948)

# The [[RuSHA Trial]] ([[20 October]] 1947 - [[10 March]] 1948)

# The [[Krupp Trial]] ([[8 December]] 1947 - [[31 July]] 1948)

# The [[High Command Trial]] ([[30 December]] 1947 - [[28 October]] 1948)

# The [[Ministries Trial]] ([[6 January]] 1948 - [[13 April]] 1949)

==Result==

In total, 142 of the 185 defendants were found guilty of at least one of the charges. 24 persons received death sentences, of which 11 were subsequently converted into lifetime imprisonments; 20 were sentenced to lifetime imprisonment, 98 were handed down prison sentences of varying lengths, and 35 were acquitted. Four defendants had to be removed from trials due to illness, and four more committed suicide during the trials.

Many of the longer prison sentences were reduced substantially by decree of high commissioner [[John J. McCloy]] in [[1951]], and 10 outstanding death sentences from the [[Einsatzgruppen Trial|''Einsatzgruppen'' Trial]] were converted to prison terms. The same year, an [[amnesty]] released many of those who had received prison sentences.

==See also==

* [[Nuremberg Trials]]

* [[Dachau Trials]]

* [[Auschwitz trial]]

* [[Belsen Trial]]

* [[Command responsibility]]

* [[Frankfurt Auschwitz trials]]

* [[Mauthausen-Gusen camp trials]]

* [[Ravensbrück Trial]]

== References ==

*[http://www.mazal.org/NMT-HOME.htm The NMT proceedings] at the Mazal Library.

*[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/nuremberg/subsequenttrials.html An overview].

*[http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/cntrl10_trials.htm A more detailed overview].

*[http://www.benferencz.org/encyclo.htm A summary] written by [[Benjamin B. Ferencz]].

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