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[[Image:Krupp Case Judges.jpg|right|frame|The judges in the [[Krupp trial]] (back to front: Daly, Anderson, and Wilkins]]
[[Image:Krupp Case Judges.jpg|right|frame|The judges in the [[Krupp trial]] (back to front: Daly, Anderson, and Wilkins]]
The '''Subsequent Nuremberg Trials''' (or, more formally, the ''Trials of War Criminals before the'' '''Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT)''') were a series of twelve U.S. [[military trial]]s for [[war crime]]s against surviving members of the military, political, and economical leadership of [[Nazi Germany]], held in [[Nuremberg]] after [[World War II]] from [[1946]] to [[1949]] following the [[Nuremberg Trials|Trial of the Major War Criminals]] before the [[International Military Tribunal]].
The '''Subsequent Nuremberg Trials''' (more formally, the ''Trials of War Criminals before the'' '''Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT)''') were a series of twelve U.S. [[military tribunal]]s for [[war crime]]s against surviving members of the military, political, and economical leadership of [[Nazi Germany]], held in [[Nuremberg]] after [[World War II]] from [[1946]] to [[1949]] following the [[Nuremberg Trials|Trial of the Major War Criminals]] before the [[International Military Tribunal]].


==Background==
Although it had been initially planned to hold more than just one ''international'' trial at the IMT, the growing differences between the victorious allies (the [[U.S.]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], and [[Soviet Union]]) made this impossible. However, the Control Council Law No. 10, which the [[Allied Control Council]] had issued on [[December 20]], [[1945]], empowered any of the occupying authorities to try suspected war criminals in their respective occupation zones. Based on this law, the U.S. authorities proceeded after the end of the initial Nuremberg Trial against the major war criminals to hold another twelve trials in Nuremberg. The judges in all these trials were American, and so were the prosecutors; the Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was [[Brigadier General]] [[Telford Taylor]]. In the other occupation zones similar trials took place.
Although it had been initially planned to hold more than just one ''international'' trial at the IMT, the growing differences between the victorious allies (the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], and [[Soviet Union]]) made this impossible. However, the Control Council Law No. 10, which the [[Allied Control Council]] had issued on [[December 20]], [[1945]], empowered any of the occupying authorities to try suspected war criminals in their respective occupation zones. Based on this law, the U.S. authorities proceeded after the end of the initial Nuremberg Trial against the major war criminals to hold another twelve trials in Nuremberg. The judges in all these trials were American, and so were the prosecutors; the Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was [[Brigadier General]] [[Telford Taylor]]. In the other occupation zones similar trials took place.


==Trials==
The twelve U.S. trials before the NMT took place from [[December 9]], [[1946]] to [[April 13]], [[1949]]. The trials were:
The twelve U.S. trials before the NMT took place from [[December 9]], [[1946]] to [[April 13]], [[1949]]. The trials were:


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# The [[High Command Trial]]
# The [[High Command Trial]]


==Result==
In total, of the 185 defendants 142 were found guilty of at least one of the charges. 24 persons received death sentences, of which 11 were subsequently converted into lifetime imprisonments; 20 were sentenced to lifetime imprisonment, 98 were handed down prison sentences of varying lengths, and 35 were acquitted. Four defendants had to be removed from trials due to illness, and four more committed suicide during the trials.
In total, 142 of the 185 defendants were found guilty of at least one of the charges. 24 persons received death sentences, of which 11 were subsequently converted into lifetime imprisonments; 20 were sentenced to lifetime imprisonment, 98 were handed down prison sentences of varying lengths, and 35 were acquitted. Four defendants had to be removed from trials due to illness, and four more committed suicide during the trials.


Many of the longer prison sentences were reduced substantially by decree of high commissioner [[John J. McCloy]] in [[1951]], and 10 outstanding death sentences from the [[Einsatzgruppen Trial|''Einsatzgruppen'' Trial]] were converted to prison terms. The same year, an [[amnesty]] released many of those who had received prison sentences.
Many of the longer prison sentences were reduced substantially by decree of high commissioner [[John J. McCloy]] in [[1951]], and 10 outstanding death sentences from the [[Einsatzgruppen Trial|''Einsatzgruppen'' Trial]] were converted to prison terms. The same year, an [[amnesty]] released many of those who had received prison sentences.

Revision as of 01:46, 17 December 2007

The judges in the Krupp trial (back to front: Daly, Anderson, and Wilkins

The Subsequent Nuremberg Trials (more formally, the Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT)) were a series of twelve U.S. military tribunals for war crimes against surviving members of the military, political, and economical leadership of Nazi Germany, held in Nuremberg after World War II from 1946 to 1949 following the Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal.

Background

Although it had been initially planned to hold more than just one international trial at the IMT, the growing differences between the victorious allies (the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Soviet Union) made this impossible. However, the Control Council Law No. 10, which the Allied Control Council had issued on December 20, 1945, empowered any of the occupying authorities to try suspected war criminals in their respective occupation zones. Based on this law, the U.S. authorities proceeded after the end of the initial Nuremberg Trial against the major war criminals to hold another twelve trials in Nuremberg. The judges in all these trials were American, and so were the prosecutors; the Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Brigadier General Telford Taylor. In the other occupation zones similar trials took place.

Trials

The twelve U.S. trials before the NMT took place from December 9, 1946 to April 13, 1949. The trials were:

  1. The Doctors' Trial
  2. The Milch Trial
  3. The Judges' Trial
  4. The Pohl Trial
  5. The Flick Trial
  6. The IG Farben Trial
  7. The Hostages Trial (8 July, 1947 – 19 February, 1948)
  8. The RuSHA Trial
  9. The Einsatzgruppen Trial
  10. The Krupp Trial
  11. The Ministries Trial
  12. The High Command Trial

Result

In total, 142 of the 185 defendants were found guilty of at least one of the charges. 24 persons received death sentences, of which 11 were subsequently converted into lifetime imprisonments; 20 were sentenced to lifetime imprisonment, 98 were handed down prison sentences of varying lengths, and 35 were acquitted. Four defendants had to be removed from trials due to illness, and four more committed suicide during the trials.

Many of the longer prison sentences were reduced substantially by decree of high commissioner John J. McCloy in 1951, and 10 outstanding death sentences from the Einsatzgruppen Trial were converted to prison terms. The same year, an amnesty released many of those who had received prison sentences.

See also

References

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials&diff=prev&oldid=178417239