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[[Image:Red Rose at Intl Test Garden.JPG|thumb|right|Rose at the [[International Rose Test Garden]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], a city nicknamed "The City of Roses"]]
[[Image:Red Rose at Intl Test Garden.JPG|thumb|right|alt=A rose at the International Rose Test Garden|Rose at the [[International Rose Test Garden]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], a city nicknamed "The City of Roses"]]
[[Rose]]s have a significant history in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]. Located within the [[Marine west coast]] [[climate]] region, Portland's climate is ideal for growing roses. For more than a century Portland has been known as "The City of Roses", or "Rose City". Many [[rose garden]]s are found throughout the city, the most prominent of which is the [[International Rose Test Garden]].


⚫
[[Rose]]s have a significant history in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]. Located within the [[Marine west coast]] [[climate]] region, Portland's warm, dry summers and rainy but mild winters, along with "rich, heavy, yellowish" clay are ideal for growing roses.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K0TnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA228&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Where Roses Run Roit|first=Frederick V.|last=Holman|page=228–229|work=Garden & Home Builder|volume=11|year=1910|publisher=Doubleday, Page and Company|editor=Leonard Barron|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref name=Dresbeck>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZfLNLhNfQioC&pg=PA4&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Insiders' Guide to Portland, Oregon|first=Rachel|last=Dresbeck|page=4|publisher=Globe Pequot|year=2011|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> Since 1888, when the Portland Rose Society was established, Portland has been known as "The City of Roses", or "Rose City". "The City of Roses" became the city's offical nickname in 2003.
==Climate==

⚫
Portland lies in the [[Marine west coast]] [[climate]] region, having a climate marked by warm, dry summers and rainy but mild winters. This climate and Portland's "rich, heavy, yellowish" clay are ideal for growing [[rose]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K0TnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA228&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Where Roses Run Roit|first=Frederick V.|last=Holman|page=228–229|work=Garden & Home Builder|volume=11|year=1910|publisher=Doubleday, Page and Company|editor=Leonard Barron|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref name=Dresbeck>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZfLNLhNfQioC&pg=PA4&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Insiders' Guide to Portland, Oregon|first=Rachel|last=Dresbeck|page=4|publisher=Globe Pequot|year=2011|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref>
The [[Rose City Park, Portland, Oregon|Rose City Park]] neighborhood in northeast Portland was formed in 1907, the same year of the first annual [[Portland Rose Festival]]. The festival occurs each June with a carnival, multiple parades, and navy ships docked along the [[Tom McCall Waterfront Park]] to promote the city of Portland. For 15 years, there was also an air show associated with the festival.

During [[World War I]], nursery owners in Portland began planning a large rose garden. This became the [[International Rose Test Garden]], first designed in 1921 in hopes of protecting European rose species. It currently covers {{convert|4.5|acre|ha|0}}, with over 8,000 rose plants and more than 550 different species.


==History==
==History==
In 1888, Georgiana Burton Pittock (wife of [[Henry Pittock]]) invited friends and neighbors to display their roses in a tent set up in her garden, establishing the Portland Rose Society. Two years later, the rose [[cultivar]] ''Mme. Caroline Testout'' was introduced by Pernet-Ducher. The cultivar gained popularity and by 1905 Portland had 200 miles of rose-bordered streets, attracting visitors to the [[Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition]].<ref name=IRTG/> In 1915, rose hobbyist and ''[[The Oregon Journal]]'' editor Jesse Currey convinced city officials to establish a rose test garden to protect [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] roses grown in Europe during [[World War I]]. Portland's Park Bureau approved the idea in 1917, allowing rose enthusiasts send roses overseas. City landscape architect Florence Holmes Gerke began designing the [[International Rose Test Garden]] and accompanying amphitheatre in 1921. The garden was dedicated in June 1924. Currey was appointed as the garden's first curator and held the position until his death in 1927.<ref name=IRTG/>
In 1888, Georgiana Burton Pittock (wife of [[Henry Pittock]]) invited friends and neighbors to display their roses in a tent set up in her garden, establishing the Portland Rose Society. Two years later, the rose [[cultivar]] ''Mme. Caroline Testout'' was introduced by Pernet-Ducher. The cultivar gained popularity, and by 1905, Portland had {{convert|200|mi|km|0}} of rose-bordered streets, attracting visitors to the [[Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition]].<ref name=IRTG/> In 1915, rose hobbyist and ''[[The Oregon Journal]]'' editor Jesse Currey convinced city officials to establish a rose test garden to protect [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] roses grown in Europe during [[World War I]]. Portland's Park Bureau approved the idea in 1917, allowing rose enthusiasts send roses overseas. City landscape architect Florence Holmes Gerke began designing the [[International Rose Test Garden]] and accompanying amphitheatre in 1921. The garden was dedicated in June 1924. Currey was appointed as the garden's first curator and held the position until his death in 1927.<ref name=IRTG/>


==Nickname==
==Nickname==
[[Image:Harry Lane.jpg|thumb|right|alt=|[[List of mayors of Portland, Oregon|Mayor of Portland]] [[Harry Lane]] suggested at the 1905 [[Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition]] that the city needed a "festival of roses"]]
[[Image:Harry Lane.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Former Portland mayor Harry Lane|[[List of mayors of Portland, Oregon|Mayor of Portland]] [[Harry Lane]] suggested at the 1905 [[Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition]] that the city needed a "festival of roses"]]
{{Main|Nicknames of Portland, Oregon}}
{{Main|Nicknames of Portland, Oregon}}


The official, and most common, nickname for Portland is "The City of Roses" or "Rose City". According to Charles Paul Keyser, Portland Parks Superintendent from 1917 to 1950, the first known reference to Portland as "The City of Roses" was made by visitors at an [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]] convention in 1888, the year of the Portland Rose Society's formation. The city's first annual rose show was held the following year and by 1904 the Society began sponsoring fiestas to accompany the shows. The nickname grew in popularity after the 1905 [[Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition]] where [[List of mayors of Portland, Oregon|mayor]] [[Harry Lane]] suggested that the city needed a "festival of roses."<ref name=<ref name=CityFlower>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=284494&c=51811|title=City Flower|publisher=
The official, and most common, nickname for Portland is "The City of Roses" or "Rose City". According to Charles Paul Keyser, Portland Parks Superintendent from 1917 to 1950, the first known reference to Portland as "The City of Roses" was made by visitors at an [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal Church]] convention in 1888, the year of the Portland Rose Society's formation. The city's first annual rose show was held the following year, and by 1904, the society began sponsoring fiestas to accompany the shows. The nickname grew in popularity after the 1905 [[Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition]] where [[List of mayors of Portland, Oregon|mayor]] [[Harry Lane]] suggested that the city needed a "festival of roses."<ref name=CityFlower>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=284494&c=51811|title=City Flower|publisher=
City of Portland Auditor's Office|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref> The first [[Portland Rose Festival]] was held two years later and remains the city's major annual festival a century later. Other cities officially named [[Rose City]] exist in [[Rose City, Michigan|Michigan]], in [[Rose City, Texas|Texas]], and in [[Rose City, Minnesota|Minnesota]];<ref name=minnesota>{{cite gnis|id=650258|name=Rose City|entrydate=January 11, 1980|accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> additional cities nicknamed "City of Roses" can be found throughout the world, including in [[Panguipulli|Chile]], in [[Shiraz|Iran]], and in [[Bloemfontein|South Africa]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/travel-shiraz-18194.html|title=Travel to Shiraz|first=Edwin|last=Thomas|work=[[USA Today]]|publisher=[[Gannett Company]]|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/7851828/England-v-Germany-fans-facing-World-Cup-alcohol-ban-in-Bloemfontein.html|title=England v Germany: fans facing World Cup alcohol ban in Bloemfontein|first=Mark|last=Ogden|accessdate=July 29, 2011|date=June 24, 2010|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> The Portland Rose Society, which offers educational programs on "rose culture" and advocates the use of roses in the landscape, remains in operation today.<ref name=IRTG>{{cite web|title=International Rose Test Garden – Washington Park|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?PropertyID=1113&action=ViewPark|accessdate=July 29, 2011|publisher=[[Portland Parks & Recreation]]}}</ref>
City of Portland Auditor's Office|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref> The first [[Portland Rose Festival]] was held two years later and remains the city's major annual festival a century later. Other cities officially named "Rose City" exist in [[Rose City, Michigan|Michigan]], in [[Rose City, Texas|Texas]], and in [[Rose City, Minnesota|Minnesota]];<ref name=minnesota>{{cite gnis|id=650258|name=Rose City|entrydate=January 11, 1980|accessdate=August 15, 2011}}</ref> additional cities nicknamed "City of Roses" can be found throughout the world, including in [[Panguipulli|Chile]], in [[Shiraz|Iran]], and in [[Bloemfontein|South Africa]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/travel-shiraz-18194.html|title=Travel to Shiraz|first=Edwin|last=Thomas|work=[[USA Today]]|publisher=[[Gannett Company]]|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/7851828/England-v-Germany-fans-facing-World-Cup-alcohol-ban-in-Bloemfontein.html|title=England v Germany: fans facing World Cup alcohol ban in Bloemfontein|first=Mark|last=Ogden|accessdate=July 29, 2011|date=June 24, 2010|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|location=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> The Portland Rose Society, which offers educational programs on "rose culture" and advocates the use of roses in the landscape, remains in operation today.<ref name=IRTG>{{cite web|title=International Rose Test Garden – Washington Park|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?PropertyID=1113&action=ViewPark|accessdate=July 29, 2011|publisher=[[Portland Parks & Recreation]]}}</ref>


In Portland, the nickname is often attributed to Leo Samuel, who founded the Oregon Life Insurance Company in 1906 (known today as Standard Insurance Company). Samuel, who moved to Portland in 1871, grew roses outside his home. He placed a pair of shears outside his garden so people could snip a rose from his garden to take for themselves. This encouraged other people and businesses to plant their own roses outside their homes and business. Today, roses are still planted outside the Standard Insurance Company's home office building in downtown Portland.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
In Portland, the nickname is often attributed to Leo Samuel, who founded the Oregon Life Insurance Company in 1906 (known today as Standard Insurance Company). Samuel grew roses outside his home and placed a pair of shears outside his garden, so people could snip a rose from his garden to take for themselves.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pacific Northwest's Best Bed & Breakfasts|year=1997|publisher=Fodor's Travel Publications|isbn=9780679032656|author=Fodor's Travel Publications|edition=3rd|page=55}}</ref>


This nickname likely inspired the name for Rosy, the four-year-old female [[Asian elephant]] who arrived to Portland in 1953. The first elephant ever to live in Oregon, she remained the matriarch of the herd and gave birth to six calves before her death in 1993. On August 31, 1994, her daughter Me-Tu became the first elephant in North America to have twins. On August 23, 2008, her granddaughter Rose-Tu (the surviving twin) gave birth to Samudra, the first third-generation elephant born in the United States.<ref name=kval>{{cite news|title=Baby elephant Samudra 'energized herd' at Zoo in first year - and snow|url=http://www.kval.com/news/local/37346494.html|accessdate=August 15, 2011|newspaper=[[KVAL-TV]]|date=January 9, 2009|author=Oregon Zoo}}</ref>
This nickname likely inspired the name for Rosy, the four-year-old female [[Asian elephant]] who arrived to Portland in 1953. The first elephant ever to live in Oregon, she remained the matriarch of the herd and gave birth to six calves before her death in 1993. On August&nbsp;31, 1994, her daughter Me-Tu became the first elephant in North America to have twins. On August&nbsp;23, 2008, her granddaughter Rose-Tu (the surviving twin) gave birth to Samudra, the first third-generation elephant born in the United States.<ref name=kval>{{cite news|title=Baby elephant Samudra 'energized herd' at Zoo in first year - and snow|url=http://www.kval.com/news/local/37346494.html|accessdate=August 15, 2011|newspaper=[[KVAL-TV]]|date=January 9, 2009|author=Oregon Zoo}}</ref>


On June 18, 2003, the city council unanimously approved a resolution adopting "the City of Roses" as the city's official nickname.<ref name=CityFlower/><ref name=Moniker>{{cite news|last=Stern|first=Henry|date=June 19, 2003|title=Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking 'City of Roses' as Portland's moniker|work=[[The Oregonian]]|publisher=[[Advance Publications]]|location=Portland, Oregon}}</ref>
On June&nbsp;18, 2003, the city council unanimously approved a resolution adopting "the City of Roses" as the city's official nickname.<ref name=CityFlower/><ref name=Moniker>{{cite news|last=Stern|first=Henry|date=June 19, 2003|title=Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking 'City of Roses' as Portland's moniker|work=[[The Oregonian]]|publisher=[[Advance Publications]]|location=Portland, Oregon}}</ref>


==Gardens==
==Gardens==
[[Image:RoseTehst.jpg|right|thumb|[[International Rose Test Garden]] in 2010]]
[[Image:RoseTehst.jpg|right|thumb|alt=refer to caption|The [[International Rose Test Garden]] in 2010]]
{{Main|International Rose Test Garden}}
{{Main|International Rose Test Garden}}


Many [[rose garden]]s are found throughout Portland, the most prominent of which is the [[International Rose Test Garden]]. [[Peninsula Park]] became the city's first public rose garden in 1909 when it was purchased for $60,000 with funds raised in a 1908 bond measure.<ref name=Peninsula>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?PropertyID=507&action=ViewPark|title=Peninsula Park & Rose Garden|accessdate=July 29, 2011|publisher=Portland Parks & Recreation}}</ref> Designed by Emanuel L. Mische, the two-acre garden contains 8,900 plantings featuring 65 rose varieties. The official rose of Portland, named ''Mme. Caroline Testout'', was cultivated at Peninsula Park. In 1913, the park was chosen as the location for an annual rose show, where it remained until [[Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)|Washington Park]] was selected as the location of the International Rose Test Garden in 1917.<ref name=Peninsula/> The park remains a popular Portland tourist destination with more than 8,000 rose bushes representing over 600 varieties.<ref name=IRTG/><ref name=Hooked>{{cite news|url=http://www.katu.com/outdoors/destinations/125110014.html|title='Portland's hooked on roses'|first=Shannon L.|last=Cheesman|publisher=[[KATU]]|location=Portland, Oregon|date=July 8, 2011|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref>
Many [[rose garden]]s are found throughout Portland, the most prominent of which is the [[International Rose Test Garden]]. [[Peninsula Park]] became the city's first public rose garden in 1909 when it was purchased for $60,000 with funds raised in a 1908 bond measure.<ref name=Peninsula>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?PropertyID=507&action=ViewPark|title=Peninsula Park & Rose Garden|accessdate=July 29, 2011|publisher=Portland Parks & Recreation}}</ref> Designed by Emanuel L. Mische, the {{convert|2|acre|ha|0|adj=on}} garden contains 8,900 plantings featuring 65 rose varieties. The official rose of Portland, named ''Mme. Caroline Testout'', was cultivated at Peninsula Park. In 1913, the park was chosen as the location for an annual rose show, where it remained until [[Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)|Washington Park]] was selected as the location of the International Rose Test Garden in 1917.<ref name=Peninsula/> The park remains a popular Portland tourist destination, with more than 8,000 rose bushes representing over 600 varieties.<ref name=IRTG/><ref name=Hooked>{{cite news|url=http://www.katu.com/outdoors/destinations/125110014.html|title='Portland's hooked on roses'|first=Shannon L.|last=Cheesman|publisher=[[KATU]]|location=Portland, Oregon|date=July 8, 2011|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref>


The neighborhood [[Ladd's Addition]] contains four diamond-shaped rose gardens. Originally designed by Emanuel Mische in 1909, the park was acquired by [[Portland Parks & Recreation]] in 1981 and today features 3,000 roses representing sixty varieties that were popular in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=221&c=38308|title=Ladd Circle Park & Rose Gardens|publisher=Portland Parks & Recreation|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref> Other notable rose gardens surrounding the Portland metropolitan area include [[Esther Short Park]] in [[Vancouver, Washington]], Avery Park Rose Garden in [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]], Owen Rose Garden in [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], and Heirloom Roses in [[St. Paul, Oregon|St. Paul]].<ref name=Pokorny/>
The neighborhood [[Ladd's Addition]] contains four diamond-shaped rose gardens. Originally designed by Emanuel Mische in 1909, the park was acquired by [[Portland Parks & Recreation]] in 1981 and currently features 3,000 roses representing sixty varieties that were popular in the early 20th&nbsp;century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=221&c=38308|title=Ladd Circle Park & Rose Gardens|publisher=Portland Parks & Recreation|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref> Other rose gardens surrounding the Portland metropolitan area include [[Esther Short Park]] in [[Vancouver, Washington]], Avery Park Rose Garden in [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]], Owen Rose Garden in [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], and Heirloom Roses in [[St. Paul, Oregon|St. Paul]].<ref name=Pokorny/>


==Events==
==Events==
{{Main|Portland Rose Festival}}
{{Main|Portland Rose Festival}}
The [[Portland Rose Festival]] is an annual civic festival held during the month of June. Events, including multiple parades, a carnival, fleet week, and the crowning of a queen,<ref name=Dresbeck/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/rosefest/index.ssf/2011/06/rose_festival_events_preview_p.html|title=Rose Festival events preview: Portland's best rose, milk carton boat races|first=Dominique|last=Fong|work=The Oregonian|accessdate=August 18, 2011|date=June 11, 2011}}</ref> are organized by the volunteer non-profit Portland Rose Festival Association with the purpose of promoting the Portland region. Coinciding with the festival is the Annual Spring Rose Show, considered to be one of the largest and longest-running in the nation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2009/may/03/portland-authority/|title=Portland authority|date=may 3, 2009|accessdate=August 18, 2011|work=The Spokesman-Review|publisher=Cowles Publishing Company|location=Spokane, Washington|first=Joseph B.|last=Frazier}}</ref> The Portland's Best Rose event, sponsored by the Portland Rose Society, began in 1996. The competition includes 100 judges ranking varieties in a blind contest to determine "the city's finest flower".<ref name=Pokorny>{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/rosefest/index.ssf/2011/05/anxiety_grows_for_the_portland.html|date=May 27, 2011|title=Roses are a no-show for Portland Rose Festival|accessdate=August 18, 2011|work=The Oregonian|first=Kym|last=Pokorny}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandrosesociety.org/portlands_best_rose.html|publisher=Portland Rose Society|title=Portland's Best Rose|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> One day prior to the competition, the public is invited to vote for the People's Choice award recipient.<ref name=Pokorny/>
The [[Portland Rose Festival]] is an annual civic festival held during the month of June. Events, including multiple parades, a carnival, fleet week, and the crowning of a queen,<ref name=Dresbeck/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/rosefest/index.ssf/2011/06/rose_festival_events_preview_p.html|title=Rose Festival events preview: Portland's best rose, milk carton boat races|first=Dominique|last=Fong|work=The Oregonian|accessdate=August 18, 2011|date=June 11, 2011}}</ref> are organized by the volunteer non-profit Portland Rose Festival Association with the purpose of promoting the Portland region. Coinciding with the festival is the Annual Spring Rose Show, considered to be one of the largest and longest-running in the nation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2009/may/03/portland-authority/|title=Portland authority|date=May 3, 2009|accessdate=August 18, 2011|work=The Spokesman-Review|publisher=Cowles Publishing Company|location=Spokane, Washington|first=Joseph B.|last=Frazier}}</ref> The Portland's Best Rose event, sponsored by the Portland Rose Society, began in 1996. The competition includes 100 judges ranking varieties in a blind contest to determine "the city's finest flower".<ref name=Pokorny>{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/rosefest/index.ssf/2011/05/anxiety_grows_for_the_portland.html|date=May 27, 2011|title=Roses are a no-show for Portland Rose Festival|accessdate=August 18, 2011|work=The Oregonian|first=Kym|last=Pokorny}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portlandrosesociety.org/portlands_best_rose.html|publisher=Portland Rose Society|title=Portland's Best Rose|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref> One day prior to the competition, the public is invited to vote for the People's Choice award recipient.<ref name=Pokorny/>


==Local namesakes==
==Local namesakes==
[[Image:Yeon Visitors Information Center ground level - Portland Oregon.jpg|thumb|right|The Visitors Information Center, also known as the Rose Building, in 2010]]
[[Image:Yeon Visitors Information Center ground level - Portland Oregon.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The Visitors Information Center|The Visitors Information Center, also known as the Rose Building, in 2010]]
[[Rose City Park, Portland, Oregon|Rose City Park]] is a neighborhood and park in northeast Portland.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/29/overpriced-zips-homes-forbeslife-cx_mw_0729realestate_slide_3.html?thisSpeed=20000|title=In Depth: America's Most Overpriced ZIP Codes|first=Matt|last=Woolsey|date=July 29, 2008|accessdate=July 29, 2011|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> The neighborhood formed in 1907, the year of the first Portland Rose Festival.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Built in 1948, the [[Visitors Information Center (Portland, Oregon)|Visitors Information Center]] (also known as the Rose Building), was designed by architect [[John Yeon]] and has served as a [[chamber of commerce]] office and [[visitor center]], city offices, a restaurant, and the headquarters of the Portland Rose Festival.<ref name=VIC>{{cite web|last1=Minor|first1=Kristen|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Visitors Information Center|date=February 20, 2010|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|url=http://www.oregonheritage.org/OPRD/HCD/NATREG/docs/national_register_recent/multnomah_portland_visitorsinformationcenter_nrnom.pdf|format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]]}}</ref> Located along [[Tom McCall Waterfront Park]], the Visitors Information Center was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2010 and features a rose garden and neon rose sign.<ref name=NRHP>{{cite web|publisher=National Park Service|title=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 9/20/10 through 9/24/10|date=October 1, 2010|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20101001.htm|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rosefestival.org/about/openhouse.shtml|title=Rose Building Open House|accessdate=July 29, 2011|publisher=Portland Rose Festival Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogtown.portlandmercury.com/BlogtownPDX/archives/2010/10/13/its-historiceven-with-randy-leonards-neon-rose|title=It's Historic—Even With Randy Leonard's Neon Rose|first=Denis C.|last=Theriault|date=October 13, 2010|accessdate=July 29, 2011|work=[[The Portland Mercury]]|publisher=Index Publishing}}</ref> The private company [[Rose City Transit]] provided most mass transit service in Portland from 1956 to 1969.<ref name=DJC>{{cite news|last=Graf|first=Tyler|title=The tracks of time|date=November 9, 2007|newspaper=[[Daily Journal of Commerce]]|url=http://djcoregon.com/news/2007/11/09/the-tracks-of-time/|accessdate=July 29, 2011|location=Portland, Oregon}}</ref>
[[Rose City Park, Portland, Oregon|Rose City Park]] is a neighborhood and park in northeast Portland.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/07/29/overpriced-zips-homes-forbeslife-cx_mw_0729realestate_slide_3.html?thisSpeed=20000|title=In Depth: America's Most Overpriced ZIP Codes|first=Matt|last=Woolsey|date=July 29, 2008|accessdate=July 29, 2011|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> The neighborhood formed in 1907, the year of the first Portland Rose Festival.<ref name="Oregon Encyclopedia">{{cite web|title=Portland Rose Festival|url=http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/entry/view/portland_rose_festival/|work=[[The Oregon Encyclopedia]]|publisher=Portland State University|accessdate=November 25, 2011}}</ref><ref name="Rose City Park">{{cite web|title=Rose City Park Neighborhood Association|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/oni/index.cfm?c=48544|publisher=City of Portland, Office of Neighborhood Involvement|accessdate=November 25, 2011}}</ref> Built in 1948, the [[Visitors Information Center (Portland, Oregon)|Visitors Information Center]] (also known as the Rose Building), was designed by architect [[John Yeon]] and has served as a [[chamber of commerce]] office and [[visitor center]], city offices, a restaurant, and the headquarters of the Portland Rose Festival.<ref name=VIC>{{cite web|last1=Minor|first1=Kristen|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Visitors Information Center|date=February 20, 2010|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|url=http://www.oregonheritage.org/OPRD/HCD/NATREG/docs/national_register_recent/multnomah_portland_visitorsinformationcenter_nrnom.pdf|format=[[Portable Document File|PDF]]}}</ref> Located along [[Tom McCall Waterfront Park]], the Visitors Information Center was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2010 and features a rose garden and neon rose sign.<ref name=NRHP>{{cite web|publisher=National Park Service|title=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 9/20/10 through 9/24/10|date=October 1, 2010|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20101001.htm|accessdate=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rosefestival.org/about/openhouse.shtml|title=Rose Building Open House|accessdate=July 29, 2011|publisher=Portland Rose Festival Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogtown.portlandmercury.com/BlogtownPDX/archives/2010/10/13/its-historiceven-with-randy-leonards-neon-rose|title=It's Historic—Even With Randy Leonard's Neon Rose|first=Denis C.|last=Theriault|date=October 13, 2010|accessdate=July 29, 2011|work=[[The Portland Mercury]]|publisher=Index Publishing}}</ref> The private company [[Rose City Transit]] provided most mass transit service in Portland from 1956 to 1969.<ref name=DJC>{{cite news|last=Graf|first=Tyler|title=The tracks of time|date=November 9, 2007|newspaper=[[Daily Journal of Commerce]]|url=http://djcoregon.com/news/2007/11/09/the-tracks-of-time/|accessdate=July 29, 2011|location=Portland, Oregon}}</ref>


[[Image:RoseGardenArenaS.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Rose Garden (arena)|Rose Garden]], home of the [[Portland Trail Blazers]], in 2007]]
[[Image:RoseGardenArenaS.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The Rose Garden basketball arena|The [[Rose Garden (arena)|Rose Garden]], home of the [[Portland Trail Blazers]], in 2007]]
The short-lived [[Portland Roses]] baseball team of the West Coast Baseball Association, a negro league, was established in 1946.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4rNeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4y8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=1333,5520861&dq|title=Portland, Seattle Colored Nines Tangle Tonight at Bengal Field|work=Lewiston Morning Tribune|page=4|date=June 16, 1946|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hCxWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=POUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6948,3220288&dq|title=Negro Nines Set for Tilts Here|work=[[The Spokesman-Review]]|publisher=[[Cowles Publishing Company]]|date=June 12, 1946|accessdate=August 18, 2011|location=Spokane, Washington}}</ref> The [[Rose Garden (arena)|Rose Garden]] is an indoor [[sports arena]] named after the flower.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/football/bal-sp.unitas17sep17,0,2703334.story|title=Naming stadium for Unitas costly, not unprecedented|first=Jon|last=Morgan|work=[[Baltimore Sun]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=September 17, 2002|accessdate=July 29, 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20041010210602/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/football/bal-sp.unitas17sep17,0,2703334.story|archivedate=October 10, 2004}}</ref> As of 2011, the venue remains one of only a handful of [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) facilities for which [[naming rights]] have not been sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://law.marquette.edu/cgi-bin/site.pl?2130&pageID=2688|title=Sports Facility Reports (National Basketball Association)|work=Sports Facility Reports|publisher=[[Marquette University Law School]] National Sports Law Institute|accessdate=October 29, 2007}}</ref>
The short-lived [[Portland Roses]] baseball team of the West Coast Baseball Association, a negro league, was established in 1946.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4rNeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4y8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=1333,5520861&dq|title=Portland, Seattle Colored Nines Tangle Tonight at Bengal Field|work=Lewiston Morning Tribune|page=4|date=June 16, 1946|accessdate=August 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hCxWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=POUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6948,3220288&dq|title=Negro Nines Set for Tilts Here|work=[[The Spokesman-Review]]|publisher=[[Cowles Publishing Company]]|date=June 12, 1946|accessdate=August 18, 2011|location=Spokane, Washington}}</ref> The [[Rose Garden (arena)|Rose Garden]] is an indoor [[sports arena]] named after the flower.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/football/bal-sp.unitas17sep17,0,2703334.story|title=Naming stadium for Unitas costly, not unprecedented|first=Jon|last=Morgan|work=[[Baltimore Sun]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=September 17, 2002|accessdate=July 29, 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20041010210602/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/football/bal-sp.unitas17sep17,0,2703334.story|archivedate=October 10, 2004}}</ref> As of 2011, the venue remains one of only a handful of [[National Basketball Association]] (NBA) facilities for which [[naming rights]] have not been sold.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://law.marquette.edu/assets/sports-law/pdf/sports-facility-reports/v12-nba-2011.pdf|title=Sports Facility Reports (National Basketball Association)|work=Sports Facility Reports|publisher=[[Marquette University Law School]] National Sports Law Institute|page=25|format=PDF|accessdate=November 25, 2011}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==

Revision as of 21:56, 25 November 2011

A rose at the International Rose Test Garden
Rose at the International Rose Test Garden in Portland, Oregon, a city nicknamed "The City of Roses"

Roses have a significant history in Portland, Oregon. Located within the Marine west coast climate region, Portland's warm, dry summers and rainy but mild winters, along with "rich, heavy, yellowish" clay are ideal for growing roses.[1][2] Since 1888, when the Portland Rose Society was established, Portland has been known as "The City of Roses", or "Rose City". "The City of Roses" became the city's offical nickname in 2003.

The Rose City Park neighborhood in northeast Portland was formed in 1907, the same year of the first annual Portland Rose Festival. The festival occurs each June with a carnival, multiple parades, and navy ships docked along the Tom McCall Waterfront Park to promote the city of Portland. For 15 years, there was also an air show associated with the festival.

During World War I, nursery owners in Portland began planning a large rose garden. This became the International Rose Test Garden, first designed in 1921 in hopes of protecting European rose species. It currently covers 4.5 acres (2 ha), with over 8,000 rose plants and more than 550 different species.

History

In 1888, Georgiana Burton Pittock (wife of Henry Pittock) invited friends and neighbors to display their roses in a tent set up in her garden, establishing the Portland Rose Society. Two years later, the rose cultivar Mme. Caroline Testout was introduced by Pernet-Ducher. The cultivar gained popularity, and by 1905, Portland had 200 miles (322 km) of rose-bordered streets, attracting visitors to the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition.[3] In 1915, rose hobbyist and The Oregon Journal editor Jesse Currey convinced city officials to establish a rose test garden to protect hybrid roses grown in Europe during World War I. Portland's Park Bureau approved the idea in 1917, allowing rose enthusiasts send roses overseas. City landscape architect Florence Holmes Gerke began designing the International Rose Test Garden and accompanying amphitheatre in 1921. The garden was dedicated in June 1924. Currey was appointed as the garden's first curator and held the position until his death in 1927.[3]

Nickname

Former Portland mayor Harry Lane
Mayor of Portland Harry Lane suggested at the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition that the city needed a "festival of roses"
Main article: Nicknames of Portland, Oregon

The official, and most common, nickname for Portland is "The City of Roses" or "Rose City". According to Charles Paul Keyser, Portland Parks Superintendent from 1917 to 1950, the first known reference to Portland as "The City of Roses" was made by visitors at an Episcopal Church convention in 1888, the year of the Portland Rose Society's formation. The city's first annual rose show was held the following year, and by 1904, the society began sponsoring fiestas to accompany the shows. The nickname grew in popularity after the 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition where mayor Harry Lane suggested that the city needed a "festival of roses."[4] The first Portland Rose Festival was held two years later and remains the city's major annual festival a century later. Other cities officially named "Rose City" exist in Michigan, in Texas, and in Minnesota;[5] additional cities nicknamed "City of Roses" can be found throughout the world, including in Chile, in Iran, and in South Africa.[6][7] The Portland Rose Society, which offers educational programs on "rose culture" and advocates the use of roses in the landscape, remains in operation today.[3]

In Portland, the nickname is often attributed to Leo Samuel, who founded the Oregon Life Insurance Company in 1906 (known today as Standard Insurance Company). Samuel grew roses outside his home and placed a pair of shears outside his garden, so people could snip a rose from his garden to take for themselves.[8]

This nickname likely inspired the name for Rosy, the four-year-old female Asian elephant who arrived to Portland in 1953. The first elephant ever to live in Oregon, she remained the matriarch of the herd and gave birth to six calves before her death in 1993. On August 31, 1994, her daughter Me-Tu became the first elephant in North America to have twins. On August 23, 2008, her granddaughter Rose-Tu (the surviving twin) gave birth to Samudra, the first third-generation elephant born in the United States.[9]

On June 18, 2003, the city council unanimously approved a resolution adopting "the City of Roses" as the city's official nickname.[4][10]

Gardens

refer to caption
The International Rose Test Garden in 2010
Main article: International Rose Test Garden

Many rose gardens are found throughout Portland, the most prominent of which is the International Rose Test Garden. Peninsula Park became the city's first public rose garden in 1909 when it was purchased for $60,000 with funds raised in a 1908 bond measure.[11] Designed by Emanuel L. Mische, the 2-acre (1 ha) garden contains 8,900 plantings featuring 65 rose varieties. The official rose of Portland, named Mme. Caroline Testout, was cultivated at Peninsula Park. In 1913, the park was chosen as the location for an annual rose show, where it remained until Washington Park was selected as the location of the International Rose Test Garden in 1917.[11] The park remains a popular Portland tourist destination, with more than 8,000 rose bushes representing over 600 varieties.[3][12]

The neighborhood Ladd's Addition contains four diamond-shaped rose gardens. Originally designed by Emanuel Mische in 1909, the park was acquired by Portland Parks & Recreation in 1981 and currently features 3,000 roses representing sixty varieties that were popular in the early 20th century.[13] Other rose gardens surrounding the Portland metropolitan area include Esther Short Park in Vancouver, Washington, Avery Park Rose Garden in Corvallis, Owen Rose Garden in Eugene, and Heirloom Roses in St. Paul.[14]

Events

Main article: Portland Rose Festival

The Portland Rose Festival is an annual civic festival held during the month of June. Events, including multiple parades, a carnival, fleet week, and the crowning of a queen,[2][15] are organized by the volunteer non-profit Portland Rose Festival Association with the purpose of promoting the Portland region. Coinciding with the festival is the Annual Spring Rose Show, considered to be one of the largest and longest-running in the nation.[16] The Portland's Best Rose event, sponsored by the Portland Rose Society, began in 1996. The competition includes 100 judges ranking varieties in a blind contest to determine "the city's finest flower".[14][17] One day prior to the competition, the public is invited to vote for the People's Choice award recipient.[14]

Local namesakes

The Visitors Information Center
The Visitors Information Center, also known as the Rose Building, in 2010

Rose City Park is a neighborhood and park in northeast Portland.[18] The neighborhood formed in 1907, the year of the first Portland Rose Festival.[19][20] Built in 1948, the Visitors Information Center (also known as the Rose Building), was designed by architect John Yeon and has served as a chamber of commerce office and visitor center, city offices, a restaurant, and the headquarters of the Portland Rose Festival.[21] Located along Tom McCall Waterfront Park, the Visitors Information Center was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 and features a rose garden and neon rose sign.[22][23][24] The private company Rose City Transit provided most mass transit service in Portland from 1956 to 1969.[25]

The Rose Garden basketball arena
The Rose Garden, home of the Portland Trail Blazers, in 2007

The short-lived Portland Roses baseball team of the West Coast Baseball Association, a negro league, was established in 1946.[26][27] The Rose Garden is an indoor sports arena named after the flower.[28] As of 2011, the venue remains one of only a handful of National Basketball Association (NBA) facilities for which naming rights have not been sold.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ Holman, Frederick V. (1910). Leonard Barron (ed.). "Where Roses Run Roit". Garden & Home Builder. 11. Doubleday, Page and Company: 228–229. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  2. ^ a b Dresbeck, Rachel (2011). Insiders' Guide to Portland, Oregon. Globe Pequot. p. 4. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d "International Rose Test Garden – Washington Park". Portland Parks & Recreation. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  4. ^ a b "City Flower". City of Portland Auditor's Office. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  5. ^ "Rose City". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. January 11, 1980. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
  6. ^ Thomas, Edwin. "Travel to Shiraz". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  7. ^ Ogden, Mark (June 24, 2010). "England v Germany: fans facing World Cup alcohol ban in Bloemfontein". The Daily Telegraph. London, United Kingdom: Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  8. ^ Fodor's Travel Publications (1997). The Pacific Northwest's Best Bed & Breakfasts (3rd ed.). Fodor's Travel Publications. p. 55. ISBN 9780679032656.
  9. ^ Oregon Zoo (January 9, 2009). "Baby elephant Samudra 'energized herd' at Zoo in first year - and snow". KVAL-TV. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
  10. ^ Stern, Henry (June 19, 2003). "Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking 'City of Roses' as Portland's moniker". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon: Advance Publications.
  11. ^ a b "Peninsula Park & Rose Garden". Portland Parks & Recreation. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  12. ^ Cheesman, Shannon L. (July 8, 2011). "'Portland's hooked on roses'". Portland, Oregon: KATU. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  13. ^ "Ladd Circle Park & Rose Gardens". Portland Parks & Recreation. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  14. ^ a b c Pokorny, Kym (May 27, 2011). "Roses are a no-show for Portland Rose Festival". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  15. ^ Fong, Dominique (June 11, 2011). "Rose Festival events preview: Portland's best rose, milk carton boat races". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  16. ^ Frazier, Joseph B. (May 3, 2009). "Portland authority". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington: Cowles Publishing Company. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  17. ^ "Portland's Best Rose". Portland Rose Society. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  18. ^ Woolsey, Matt (July 29, 2008). "In Depth: America's Most Overpriced ZIP Codes". Forbes. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  19. ^ "Portland Rose Festival". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Portland State University. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
  20. ^ "Rose City Park Neighborhood Association". City of Portland, Office of Neighborhood Involvement. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
  21. ^ Minor, Kristen (February 20, 2010). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Visitors Information Center" (PDF). National Park Service.
  22. ^ "Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 9/20/10 through 9/24/10". National Park Service. October 1, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  23. ^ "Rose Building Open House". Portland Rose Festival Foundation. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  24. ^ Theriault, Denis C. (October 13, 2010). "It's Historic—Even With Randy Leonard's Neon Rose". The Portland Mercury. Index Publishing. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  25. ^ Graf, Tyler (November 9, 2007). "The tracks of time". Daily Journal of Commerce. Portland, Oregon. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  26. ^ "Portland, Seattle Colored Nines Tangle Tonight at Bengal Field". Lewiston Morning Tribune. June 16, 1946. p. 4. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  27. ^ "Negro Nines Set for Tilts Here". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington: Cowles Publishing Company. June 12, 1946. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  28. ^ Morgan, Jon (September 17, 2002). "Naming stadium for Unitas costly, not unprecedented". Baltimore Sun. Tribune Company. Archived from the original on October 10, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  29. ^ "Sports Facility Reports (National Basketball Association)" (PDF). Sports Facility Reports. Marquette University Law School National Sports Law Institute. p. 25. Retrieved November 25, 2011.

Further reading

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roses_in_Portland&diff=462467112&oldid=445613354