Removed a section that relies on refs tagged as unreliable for more than a decade |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The stems are reddish with grey-green [[leaves]] that have a distinctive red-brown tip.<ref name="Rumsey, Fred. Polytrichum Juniperinum">[http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/content/polytrichum-juniperinum Polytrichum juniperinum] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121223203329/http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/content/polytrichum-juniperinum |date=2012-12-23 }}, The British Bryological Society. British mosses and liverworts a field guide.</ref> This characteristic allows them to be separated from the bristly haircap (''[[Polytrichum piliferum]]''), a plant that the juniper haircap moss closely resembles. The difference is that the bristly haircap has a clear (white) leaf tip.<ref name="Drecomm. Juniper haircap Ecomare">[http://www.ecomare.nl/en/ecomare-encyclopedie/organisms/plants/moss/moss-species/screw-moss/juniper-haircap/ Juniper haircap] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726224405/http://www.ecomare.nl/en/ecomare-encyclopedie/organisms/plants/moss/moss-species/screw-moss/juniper-haircap/ |date=2011-07-26 }}. Ecomare.nl. Retrieved on 2011-05-22.</ref> The leaves of juniper haircap moss are lanceolate and upright spreading when dry, and when moist, wide-spreading. Although their growth form can be varied, they generally grow in thin, interwoven mats, and hardly as closely associated individuals.<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum" / |
The stems are reddish with grey-green [[leaves]] that have a distinctive red-brown tip.<ref name="Rumsey, Fred. Polytrichum Juniperinum">[http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/content/polytrichum-juniperinum Polytrichum juniperinum] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121223203329/http://www.bbsfieldguide.org.uk/content/polytrichum-juniperinum |date=2012-12-23 }}, The British Bryological Society. British mosses and liverworts a field guide.</ref> This characteristic allows them to be separated from the bristly haircap (''[[Polytrichum piliferum]]''), a plant that the juniper haircap moss closely resembles. The difference is that the bristly haircap has a clear (white) leaf tip.<ref name="Drecomm. Juniper haircap Ecomare">[http://www.ecomare.nl/en/ecomare-encyclopedie/organisms/plants/moss/moss-species/screw-moss/juniper-haircap/ Juniper haircap] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726224405/http://www.ecomare.nl/en/ecomare-encyclopedie/organisms/plants/moss/moss-species/screw-moss/juniper-haircap/ |date=2011-07-26 }}. Ecomare.nl. Retrieved on 2011-05-22.</ref> The leaves of juniper haircap moss are lanceolate and upright spreading when dry, and when moist, wide-spreading. Although their growth form can be varied, they generally grow in thin, interwoven mats, and hardly as closely associated individuals.<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum" /> Juniper haircap moss have a well-developed system of tiny tubes for carrying water from the [[rhizoid]]s to leaves that is uncharacteristic of mosses, resembling the system that has evolved in [[vascular plant]]s such as [[fern]]s, [[gymnosperms]] and [[angiosperms]]. As a result of this developed system, stems have greater potential for height than in typical mosses.<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum" /> |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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Juniper haircap moss grows across a wide range of habitats but it is most commonly found on dry, acidic, exposed habitats.<ref name="Rumsey, Fred. Polytrichum Juniperinum" /> It is frequent in areas previously disturbed by [[fire]] and [[logging]]. Other areas they occupy are mineral soil, humus and rocks, stumps, banks, trailsides and dry open woods. |
Juniper haircap moss grows across a wide range of habitats but it is most commonly found on dry, acidic, exposed habitats.<ref name="Rumsey, Fred. Polytrichum Juniperinum" /> It is frequent in areas previously disturbed by [[fire]] and [[logging]]. Other areas they occupy are mineral soil, humus and rocks, stumps, banks, trailsides and dry open woods.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} Although Juniper haircap moss is not usually found in moist or wet environments, it has been found growing on moist woods and other moist sites such as streambanks.<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum" /> |
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==Reproduction== |
==Reproduction== |
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[[Image:Antheridia polytrichum.jpg|right|thumb|The male reproductive structures of ''Polytrichum juniperinum''.]] |
[[Image:Antheridia polytrichum.jpg|right|thumb|The male reproductive structures of ''Polytrichum juniperinum''.]] |
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[[Image:Polytrichum.juniperinum.female.jpg|right|thumb|The [[sporophyte]] of ''Polytrichum juniperinum''.]] |
[[Image:Polytrichum.juniperinum.female.jpg|right|thumb|The [[sporophyte]] of ''Polytrichum juniperinum''.]] |
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It is a [[dioecious]] plant, meaning that the male and female [[gametophytes]] are on separate plants. Juniper haircap moss have very obvious male and female parts. Male plants are said to be unusual because they continue growing without losing the old male organs.<ref name="Drecomm. Juniper haircap Ecomare" /> The male plants are very noticeable due to their bright reddish orange modified leaves that form small terminal 'flowers' at the shoot ends.<ref name="Rumsey, Fred. Polytrichum Juniperinum" /> The plant has a gametophyte dominant life cycle similar to other mosses. Water is required for reproduction to take place, to enable the sperm to swim down the neck of the [[archegonia]] to reach the egg. Once fertilization takes place, the sporophyte of the juniper haircap moss lives on the female gametophyte, growing out of the archegonia. The sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, a spore capsule, an [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]], and a [[calyptra]].<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum" /> There are 64 short blunt teeth at the top surrounding the capsule mouth and the hood of the capsule, the calyptra, has long hairs that extends down the entire length of the capsule, hence the name 'haircap moss'.<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum |
It is a [[dioecious]] plant, meaning that the male and female [[gametophytes]] are on separate plants. Juniper haircap moss have very obvious male and female parts. Male plants are said to be unusual because they continue growing without losing the old male organs.<ref name="Drecomm. Juniper haircap Ecomare" /> The male plants are very noticeable due to their bright reddish orange modified leaves that form small terminal 'flowers' at the shoot ends.<ref name="Rumsey, Fred. Polytrichum Juniperinum" /> The plant has a gametophyte dominant life cycle similar to other mosses. Water is required for reproduction to take place, to enable the sperm to swim down the neck of the [[archegonia]] to reach the egg. Once fertilization takes place, the sporophyte of the juniper haircap moss lives on the female gametophyte, growing out of the archegonia. The sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, a spore capsule, an [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]], and a [[calyptra]].<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum" /> There are 64 short blunt teeth at the top surrounding the capsule mouth and the hood of the capsule, the calyptra, has long hairs that extends down the entire length of the capsule, hence the name 'haircap moss'.<ref name="Fryer, Janet L. Polytrichum juniperinum" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 21:58, 8 May 2023
| Polytrichum juniperinum | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Polytrichopsida |
| Order: | Polytrichales |
| Family: | Polytrichaceae |
| Genus: | Polytrichum |
| Species: | P. juniperinum
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| Binomial name | |
| Polytrichum juniperinum | |
Polytrichum juniperinum, commonly known as juniper haircap[1] or juniper polytrichum moss,[2] is an evergreen and perennial species of moss that is widely distributed, growing on every continent including Antarctica.[3][4]
Description
The stems are reddish with grey-green leaves that have a distinctive red-brown tip.[5] This characteristic allows them to be separated from the bristly haircap (Polytrichum piliferum), a plant that the juniper haircap moss closely resembles. The difference is that the bristly haircap has a clear (white) leaf tip.[6] The leaves of juniper haircap moss are lanceolate and upright spreading when dry, and when moist, wide-spreading. Although their growth form can be varied, they generally grow in thin, interwoven mats, and hardly as closely associated individuals.[3] Juniper haircap moss have a well-developed system of tiny tubes for carrying water from the rhizoids to leaves that is uncharacteristic of mosses, resembling the system that has evolved in vascular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. As a result of this developed system, stems have greater potential for height than in typical mosses.[3]
Distribution
Juniper haircap moss grows across a wide range of habitats but it is most commonly found on dry, acidic, exposed habitats.[5] It is frequent in areas previously disturbed by fire and logging. Other areas they occupy are mineral soil, humus and rocks, stumps, banks, trailsides and dry open woods.[citation needed] Although Juniper haircap moss is not usually found in moist or wet environments, it has been found growing on moist woods and other moist sites such as streambanks.[3]
Reproduction
It is a dioecious plant, meaning that the male and female gametophytes are on separate plants. Juniper haircap moss have very obvious male and female parts. Male plants are said to be unusual because they continue growing without losing the old male organs.[6] The male plants are very noticeable due to their bright reddish orange modified leaves that form small terminal 'flowers' at the shoot ends.[5] The plant has a gametophyte dominant life cycle similar to other mosses. Water is required for reproduction to take place, to enable the sperm to swim down the neck of the archegonia to reach the egg. Once fertilization takes place, the sporophyte of the juniper haircap moss lives on the female gametophyte, growing out of the archegonia. The sporophyte consists of a foot, stalk, a spore capsule, an operculum, and a calyptra.[3] There are 64 short blunt teeth at the top surrounding the capsule mouth and the hood of the capsule, the calyptra, has long hairs that extends down the entire length of the capsule, hence the name 'haircap moss'.[3]
References
- ^ Edwards, Sean R. (2012). English Names for British Bryophytes. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-2-7. ISSN 0268-8034.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Polytrichum juniperinum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Polytrichum juniperinum, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
- ^ Plants For A Future. Plant Database.
- ^ a b c Polytrichum juniperinum Archived 2012-12-23 at archive.today, The British Bryological Society. British mosses and liverworts a field guide.
- ^ a b Juniper haircap Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine. Ecomare.nl. Retrieved on 2011-05-22.