THC Science

Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
	Peykar's newspaper header including the slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" under the red star
Leader	Alireza Sepasi-Ashtiani and Hossein Rouhani
Founded	1975
Dissolved	1983
Merger of	Some small Maoist groups and Marxist Mujahedin
Split from	People's Mujahedin of Iran
Merged into	Communist Party of Iran
Newspaper	Peykar
Membership (1980–1982)	Maximum 3,000 equipped with light weapons
Ideology	Marxism–Leninism; Trotskyism; Maoism
Political position	Far-left
	Politics of Iran; Political parties; Elections;

Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class (Persian: سازمان پیکار در راه آزادی طبقه کارگر, romanized: Sāzmān-e peykār dar rāh-e āzādī-e ṭabaqa-ye kārgar) or simply Peykar (Persian: پيکار, lit. 'battle'), also called the Marxist Mojahedin, was a secular splinter group from the People's Mujahedin of Iran (PMoI), the largest of Iran's guerrilla groups. Its members broke away from the PMoI to support of secular Marxism Leninism, rather than the Leftist Islamist modernism of the People's Mujahedin. Founded in 1975, by the early 1980s Peykar was no longer considered active.

History

Marxist Mojahedin emblem eliminated the Quranic verse ^{[Quran 4:95]} and olive branch from the original symbol of the People's Mujahedin of Iran

Mojahedin (ML) was founded in October 1975 when the majority of PMOI leaders who had not been imprisoned voted to accept Marxism and declare the organization Marxist-Leninist. At this time the group continued to call itself People's Mujahedin.^[9] Their position was laid out in a pamphlet entitled Manifesto on Ideological Issues, where the group's central leadership declared "that after ten years of secret existence, four years of armed struggle, and two years of intense ideological rethinking, they had reached the conclusion that Marxism, not Islam, was the true revolutionary philosophy."

This meant two rival Mujahedins, each with its own publication, its own organization, and its own activities. This continued just before the 1979 Iranian Revolution when the Marxist Mojahedin changed its name to Peykar, on December 7, 1978 (16 Azar, 1357), the full name is: Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class. This name was after the "St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class", which was a left wing group in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was founded by Lenin in the autumn of 1895.^[10]

Mujtabi Taleqani, son of Ayatollah Taleqani, was one of the PMOI who "converted" to Marxism. Hossein Ruhani was another prominent Peykar member. He ran for Majles candidate in Tehran, and caused a major scandal in 1980 by divulging for the first time secret PMoI negotiations with Ayatollah Khomeini. Ruhani also made Peykar "the first left-wing organization to personally criticize Khomeini", when he called Khomeini a "mediaeval obscurantist" and his regime "reactionary" and "fascistic." Later Ruhani was arrested and imprisoned. In May 1982 he appeared on television as one of the first of numerous opponents of the regime to recant their opposition in what is widely thought to have been the work of prison torture. Ruhani denounced his membership in Peykar, praised "the Imam" Khomeini and proclaimed that he felt freer in prison than "in the outside world."^[11]

Peykar was operationally active in the early 1980s, mostly conducting small-scale insurgency-style raids in Northern Iran, though the group was also responsible for one hostage situation at the Iranian consulate in Geneva in 1982.^[12] Peykar suffered after the Mujahedin June 1981 uprising, which it did not support but whose members were "arrested and executed en masse" afterwards nonetheless.^[9] According to MIPT, Peykar "can be considered inactive, as its members are assumed to have been reintegrated into the MeK or other anti-Ayatollah opposition groups in the early to mid-1980s."

There are two other small groups as offshoot of the Peykar, which are Nabard and Arman.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Maziar, Behrooz (2000). Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 72. ISBN 1860646301.
^ Abrahamian, Ervand (1999). Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran. University of California Press. p. 150. ISBN 0520922905.
^ Mirsepassi, Ali (2004), The Tragedy of the Iranian Left, RoutledgeCurzon, Table 10.2 Characteristics of principal secular left-wing organizations, 1979–83
^ Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971-1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 173–174.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ḥaqšenās, Torāb (October 27, 2011) [December 15, 1992]. "COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 1. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 105–112. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
^ Razoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Hrvard University Press. Appendix E: Armed Opposition. ISBN 9780674915718.
^ Sepehr Zabir (2011). Iran Since the Revolution (RLE Iran A). Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-415-61069-8.
^ Jebnoun, Noureddine; Kia, Mehrdad; Kirk, Mimi, eds. (2013). Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 9781135007317.
^ ^a ^b Abrahamian, Ervand, Tortured Confessions, University of California Press, (1999), p.151
^ Iran Between Two Revolutions by Ervand Abrahamian, Princeton University Press, 1982, p.493-4
^ Abrahamian, Ervand, Tortured Confessions, University of California Press, (1999), p.151-2
^ MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Peykar

External links

[1] Maziar, Behrooz (2000). Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 72. ISBN 1860646301.

[2] Abrahamian, Ervand (1999). Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran. University of California Press. p. 150. ISBN 0520922905.

[3] Mirsepassi, Ali (2004), The Tragedy of the Iranian Left, RoutledgeCurzon, Table 10.2 Characteristics of principal secular left-wing organizations, 1979–83

[4] Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2010). Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971-1979. Syracuse University Press. p. 173–174.

[Iranica-5] Ḥaqšenās, Torāb (October 27, 2011) [December 15, 1992]. "COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 1. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 105–112. Retrieved September 12, 2016.

[6] Razoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Hrvard University Press. Appendix E: Armed Opposition. ISBN 9780674915718.

[7] Sepehr Zabir (2011). Iran Since the Revolution (RLE Iran A). Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 978-0-415-61069-8.

[8] Jebnoun, Noureddine; Kia, Mehrdad; Kirk, Mimi, eds. (2013). Modern Middle East Authoritarianism: Roots, Ramifications, and Crisis. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 9781135007317.

[Abrahamian,_Ervand_1999_p.151-9] Abrahamian, Ervand, Tortured Confessions, University of California Press, (1999), p.151

[10] Iran Between Two Revolutions by Ervand Abrahamian, Princeton University Press, 1982, p.493-4

[11] Abrahamian, Ervand, Tortured Confessions, University of California Press, (1999), p.151-2

[12] MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Peykar

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 | caption = Peykar's newspaper header including the slogan "''[[Workers of the world, unite!]]''" under the [[red star]]
 | split = [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]]
+| leader = Alireza Sepasi-Ashtiani<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maziar |first1=Behrooz|year=2000|title=Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1860646301|page=72}}</ref> and Hossein Rouhani<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abrahamian|first1=Ervand|date=1999|title=Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0520922905|page=150}}</ref>
-| leader =
-Alireza Sepasi-Ashtiani,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maziar |first1=Behrooz|year=2000|title=Rebels With A Cause: The Failure of the Left in Iran|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1860646301|page=72}}</ref>
-Hossein Rouhani<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abrahamian|first1=Ervand|date=1999|title=Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0520922905|page=150}}</ref>
-<br>
-Majid Sharif Vaquefi
-<br>
-Taghi Sahram
-<br>
-Baram Aram
-<br>
-Rahman Vahid Afrakhteh.<ref>{{cite book|authors=Arash Reisinezhad |title=The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia |year=2018|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|page=8|asin=B07FBB6L8Y}}</ref>
 | newspaper = ''[[Peykar (newspaper)|Peykar]]''
 | foundation = 1975
@@ Line 28: / Line 18: @@
 | country = Iran
 }}
-'''Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class''' ({{lang-fa|سازمان پیکار در راه آزادی طبقه کارگر|Sāzmān-e peykār dar rāh-e āzādī-e ṭabaqa-ye kārgar}}) or simply '''Peykar''' ({{lang-fa|پيکار|lit=battle}}), also called the '''Marxist Mojahedin,''' was a secular splinter group from the [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]] (PMoI/MEK), the largest of Iran's guerrilla groups. Its members broke away from the MEK to support secular [[Marxism Leninism]], rather than the [[Islamic socialism|Leftist Islamist]] modernism of the People's Mujahedin. Originating in 1972 and officially founded in 1975, by the early 1980s Peykar was no longer considered active.<ref>{{cite book|authors=Arash Reisinezhad |title=The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia |year=2018|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|page=8|asin=B07FBB6L8Y}}</ref>
+'''Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class''' ({{lang-fa|سازمان پیکار در راه آزادی طبقه کارگر|Sāzmān-e peykār dar rāh-e āzādī-e ṭabaqa-ye kārgar}}) or simply '''Peykar''' ({{lang-fa|پيکار|lit=battle}}), also called the '''Marxist Mojahedin,''' was a secular splinter group from the [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]] (PMoI), the largest of Iran's guerrilla groups. Its members broke away from the PMoI to support of secular [[Marxism Leninism]], rather than the [[Islamic socialism|Leftist Islamist]] modernism of the People's Mujahedin. Founded in 1975, by the early 1980s Peykar was no longer considered active.
+==History==
 [[File:Marxist Mojahedin.gif|thumb|Marxist Mojahedin emblem eliminated the Quranic verse {{Cite quran|4|95}} and [[olive branch]] from the original symbol of the [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]]]]
+Mojahedin (ML) was founded in October 1975 when the majority of PMOI leaders who had not been imprisoned voted to accept [[Marxism]] and declare the organization [[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninist]]. At this time the group continued to call itself People's Mujahedin.<ref name="Abrahamian, Ervand 1999 p.151">Abrahamian, Ervand, ''Tortured Confessions'', University of California Press, (1999), p.151</ref>  Their position was laid out in a pamphlet entitled ''Manifesto on Ideological Issues'', where the group's central leadership declared "that after ten years of secret existence, four years of armed struggle, and two years of intense ideological rethinking, they had reached the conclusion that Marxism, not [[Islam]], was the true revolutionary philosophy."
-[[File:Taghi Shahram.gif|thumb|Taghi Shahram, one of the senior members behind adoption of Marxism]]
+This meant two rival Mujahedins, each with its own publication, its own organization, and its own activities. This continued just before the 1979 [[Iranian Revolution]] when the Marxist Mojahedin changed its name to Peykar, on December 7, 1978 (16 Azar, 1357), the full name is: Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class. This name was after the "St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class", which was a left wing group in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was founded by Lenin in the autumn of 1895.<ref>''Iran Between Two Revolutions'' by Ervand Abrahamian, Princeton University Press, 1982, p.493-4</ref>
-==Foundation==
-In 1971, [[SAVAK]] arrested and executed most of members of the MEK, including senior members and co-founders.<ref name="Ḥaqšenās">{{cite encyclopedia|title =COMMUNISM iii. In Persia after 1953|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|date=27 October 2011|orig-year=15 December 1992|publisher=Bibliotheca Persica Press|location=New York City|url =http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/communism-iii|volume=VI|last1= Ḥaqšenās|first1=Torāb |editor-last=Yarshater|editor-first=Ehsan|editor-link=Ehsan Yarshater|access-date=12 September 2016|series=Fasc. 1|pages=105–112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=Alireza Jafarzadeh|title=The Iran Threat: President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis |year=2008|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|page=8|isbn=978-0230601284}}</ref>
-This led to Marxist members joining the organization, including Majid Sharif Vaquefi in 1972, and Taghi Sahram in 1973. Other Peykar leaders included Bahram Aram, Torab Hghshenas, Aireza Sepasi Ashtiani, Rahman Vahid Afrakhteh, Foad Rohani, Hasan Alapoush, and Mahboobeh Mottahedin.<ref>{{cite book|authors=Arash Reisinezhad |title=The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia |year=2018|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|page=8|asin=B07FBB6L8Y}}</ref>
-Reforms within the MEK started at this time, with Taghi Shahram, Hossein Rohani, and Torab Haqshenas playing key roles in creating the Marxist-Leninist MEK that would later become Peykar. By 1973, the members of the Marxist-Leninist MEK launched an “internal ideological struggle”. Members that did not convert to Marxism were expelled or reported to SAVAK, and Majid Sharif Vaqefi, the only Muslim left in the Central Committee, was executed.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vahabzadeh|first1=Peyman|title=Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979|date=2010|publisher=Syracuse University Press|pages=100, 167–168}}</ref>
-Muslim MEK members that did not convert to Marxism were expelled or reported to SAVAK.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vahabzadeh|first1=Peyman|title=Guerrilla Odyssey: Modernization, Secularism, Democracy, and the Fadai Period of National Liberation In Iran, 1971–1979|date=2010|publisher=Syracuse University Press|pages=167–169}}</ref>
-Between 1973 and 1975, the Marxist-Leninist MEK increased their armed operations in Iran. In 1973 they engaged in two street battles with Tehran police. Also in 1973 they bombed ten buildings including Plan Organization, Pan-American Airlines, Shell Oil Company, Hotel International, Radio City Cinema, and an export company owned by a Baha’i businessman.
-==Schism==
-Mojahedin (Marxist-Leninist) became an official organization on October 1975. At this time the group continued to call itself People's Mujahedin.<ref name="Abrahamian, Ervand 1999 p.151">Abrahamian, Ervand, ''Tortured Confessions'', University of California Press, (1999), p.151</ref>  Their position was laid out in a pamphlet entitled ''Manifesto on Ideological Issues'', where the group's central leadership declared "that after ten years of secret existence, four years of armed struggle, and two years of intense ideological rethinking, they had reached the conclusion that Marxism, not [[Islam]], was the true revolutionary philosophy."
-This meant two rival Mujahedins, each with its own publication, its own organization, and its own activities. This continued just before the 1979 [[Iranian Revolution]] when the Marxist Mojahedin changed its name to Peykar (Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class) on December 7, 1978. This name later became the "St. Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class", which was a left wing group in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was founded by Lenin in the autumn of 1895.<ref>''Iran Between Two Revolutions'' by Ervand Abrahamian, Princeton University Press, 1982, p.493-4</ref>
-Mujtabi Taleqani, son of [[Ayatollah Taleqani]], was an MEK member who "converted" to Marxism.
+Mujtabi Taleqani, son of [[Ayatollah Taleqani]], was one of the PMOI who "converted" to Marxism.
 [[Hossein Ruhani]] was another prominent Peykar member. He ran for [[Majlis of Iran|Majles]] candidate in Tehran, and caused a major scandal in 1980 by divulging for the first time secret PMoI negotiations with [[Ayatollah Khomeini]]. Ruhani also made Peykar "the first left-wing organization to personally criticize Khomeini", when he called Khomeini a "mediaeval obscurantist" and his regime "reactionary" and "fascistic." Later Ruhani was arrested and imprisoned. In May 1982 he appeared on television as one of the first of numerous opponents of the regime to recant their opposition in what is widely thought to have been the work of prison torture. Ruhani denounced his membership in Peykar, praised "the Imam" Khomeini and proclaimed that he felt freer in prison than "in the outside world."<ref>Abrahamian, Ervand, ''Tortured Confessions'', University of California Press, (1999), p.151-2</ref>
+Peykar was operationally active in the early 1980s, mostly conducting small-scale insurgency-style raids in Northern Iran, though the group was also responsible for one hostage situation at the Iranian consulate in Geneva in 1982.<ref>[http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4204 MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Peykar ]</ref> Peykar suffered after the Mujahedin June 1981 uprising, which it did not support but whose members were "arrested and executed en masse" afterwards nonetheless.<ref name="Abrahamian, Ervand 1999 p.151"/> According to MIPT, Peykar "can be considered inactive, as its members are assumed to have been reintegrated into the MeK or other anti-Ayatollah opposition groups in the early to mid-1980s."
-==After 1980's==
+There are two other small groups as offshoot of the Peykar, which are ''Nabard'' and ''Arman''.{{fact|date=February 2017}}
-Peykar was operationally active in the early 1980s, mostly conducting small-scale insurgency-style raids in Northern Iran, though the group was also responsible for one hostage situation at the Iranian consulate in Geneva in 1982.<ref>[http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4204 MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Peykar ]</ref> Peykar suffered after the Mujahedin June 1981 uprising, which it did not support but whose members were "arrested and executed en masse" afterwards nonetheless.<ref name="Abrahamian, Ervand 1999 p.151"/>
-==Assassination of Americans==
-In May 11, 1976, the Washington Post reported that in January of that year, “nine terrorists convicted of murdering the three American colonels… were executed. The leader of the group, Vahid Afrakhteh stated that he personally killed col. [[Lewis Lee Hawkins]] in Tehran in 1973 and led the cell that gunned down Col. Paul Shafer and Lt. Col. Jack Turner.” (p.A9) In November 16, 1976, a UPI story reported that the Tehran police had killed Bahram Aram, the person responsible for the killings of three Americans working for Rockwell International.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mujahedin-E Khalq (MEK) Shackled by a Twisted History|author= Lincoln P. Bloomfield Jr. |year=2013|publisher=University of Baltimore College of Public Affairs|isbn=978-0615783840|pages=17 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=Arash Reisinezhad |title=The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia |year=2018|publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|page=8|asin=B07FBB6L8Y}}</ref>
-In 2005, the Department of State attributed the assassinations of Americans in Iran to Peykar. The Country Reports issued on April 2006 stated that "A Marxist element of the MEK murdered several of the Shah´s US security advisers prior to the Islamic Revolution". <ref>{{cite book|title=Mujahedin-E Khalq (MEK) Shackled by a Twisted History|author= Lincoln P. Bloomfield Jr. |year=2013|publisher=University of Baltimore College of Public Affairs|isbn=978-0615783840|pages=19 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=Mahnaz Shirali |title=The Mystery of Contemporary Iran   |year=2014|publisher= Transaction Publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypcuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT222&lpg=PT222&dq=mojahedin+marxist+lenin ist+american&source=bl&ots=L6XDCBjHEt&sig=f&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQnMOynqLeAhWMKcAKHcMgBuw4ChDoATAAegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=mojahedin%20marxist%20leninist%20american&f=false|asin=B01K0V7SOY}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 70: / Line 42: @@
 ==External links==
 *[https://archive.org/details/InWhichDirectionIsOurSocietyGoing ''In which direction is our society going?'']
-*[http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4204 MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Peykar]
+* [http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4204 MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Peykar]
 {{Iran defunct parties}}
-[[Category:1975 establishments in Iran]]
+[[Category:Defunct communist parties in Iran]]
-[[Category:1983 disestablishments in Iran]]
+[[Category:Political parties of the Iranian Revolution]]
+[[Category:Banned political parties in Iran]]
+[[Category:Political parties in Pahlavi Iran (1941-1979)]]
 [[Category:Banned communist parties]]
-[[Category:Banned political parties in Iran]]
+[[Category:People's Mujahedin of Iran]]
-[[Category:Defunct communist militant groups]]
+[[Category:Militant opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty]]
-[[Category:Defunct communist parties in Iran]]
+[[Category:Militant opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran]]
 [[Category:Far-left political parties]]
-[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in Iran]]
+[[Category:Marxist organizations]]
 [[Category:Maoist organizations]]
-[[Category:Marxist organizations]]
+[[Category:Trotskyist organisations]]
-[[Category:Militant opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran]]
+[[Category:Defunct communist militant groups]]
-[[Category:Militant opposition to the Pahlavi dynasty]]
+[[Category:1975 establishments in Iran]]
-[[Category:People's Mujahedin of Iran]]
+[[Category:Political parties established in 1975]]
+[[Category:1983 disestablishments in Iran]]
 [[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1983]]
-[[Category:Political parties established in 1975]]
+[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in Iran]]
-[[Category:Political parties in Pahlavi Iran (1941-1979)]]
-[[Category:Political parties of the Iranian Revolution]]
-[[Category:Trotskyist organisations]]

Historical political organizations in Iran
Politics of Iran
Qajar monarchy	Social Democratic Party Socialist Revolutionary Party Democrat Party Moderate Socialists Party Union and Progress Party Progressives Party Unified Socialist Party Social Reformers Party Learned Council Revival Party Reformers' Party Socialist Party Communist Party Young Communist League Armenian Revolutionary Federation Social Democrat Hunchakian Party Revolutionary Republican Party
Pahlavi monarchy	New Iran Party Progress Party Justice Party Peykar Party Motherland Party Jungle Party Azure Party National Union Party National Will Party Azerbaijani Democratic Party Democrat Party Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists United Front of Progressive Parties Iran Unity Party Comrades Party SUMKA Aria Party Society of Muslim Warriors Toilers Party Third Force League of Iranian Socialists Organization of Communist Revolutionaries Islamic Nations Party JAMA Union of Communist Militants Union of Iranian Communists Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas People's Democratic Front Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class Organization of Working-class Freedom Fighters Nationalists' Party New Iran Party People's Party Iranians' Party Rastakhiz Party
Islamic Republic	Coalition of Islamic Parties Quintuple Coalition Grand coalition Office for the Cooperation of the People with the President Eponym Group Muslim People's Republic Party National Democratic Front Radical Movement of Iran People's Revolutionary Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran Azadegan Organization Front for the Liberation of Iran Islamic Republican Party Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization Coalition of the Oppressed and Deprived Coalition of Imam's Line groups Association for Defence of Revolution Values Islamic Reconciliation Party Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization Islamic Iran Participation Front Worker-Communist Unity Party of Iran
Active parties

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Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
Peykar's newspaper header including the slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" under the red star
Leader	Alireza Sepasi-Ashtiani^[1] and Hossein Rouhani^[2]
Founded	1975
Dissolved	1983^[3]
Merger of	Some small Maoist groups and Marxist Mujahedin^[4]
Split from	People's Mujahedin of Iran
Merged into	Communist Party of Iran^[5]
Newspaper	Peykar
Membership (1980–1982)	Maximum 3,000 equipped with light weapons^[6]
Ideology	Marxism–Leninism^[5] Trotskyism^[7] Maoism^[8]
Political position	Far-left^[5]
Politics of Iran Political parties Elections