Major Archbishop of the Syro-Malabar Church ܪܒܝ ܡܝܛܪܵܦܘܿܠܝܼܛܵܐܹ ܕܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܕܣܘܼܕܝܵܝܹܐ ܡܲܠܲܒܵܪܵܝܹܐ | |
|---|---|
| Bishopric | |
| File:George Alencherry 10.jpg | |
| Incumbent: George Alencherry 29 May 2011 | |
| Style | Mar |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Saint Thomas Christians |
| Sui iuris church | Syro-Malabar Church |
| Rite | East Syriac |
| Archdiocese | Ernakulam-Angamaly |
| Cathedral | St. Mary's Syro-Malabar Cathedral Basilica, Ernakulam |
| Co-cathedral | Mar Hormizd Syro-Malabar Cathedral, Angamaly |
| Website | |
| syromalabarchurch.in | |
The Major Archbishop of the Syro-Malabar Church is the head of the Syro-Malabar Church and the Metropolitan of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly in Kerala, India.
The Vicariate was established in 1896, when the first archbishop was appointed. In 1923 the hierarchy of the Syro-Malabar Church was established, and Ernakulam raised to an archdiocese. In 1993 when Syro Malabar church was raised to Major archiepiscopal church it became the seat of Major archbishop.
Bishop of Angamaly
Through the Synod of Diamper, the Latin Catholic Padroado missionaries abolished the All India jurisdiction and erected the Diocese of Angamaly, suffragan to the Padroado Primatal See of Goa, in place of the Metropolitanate of All India.[1]
- Francisco Ros (1599-1610)
Archbishops of Cranganore-Angamaly
- Francisco Ros (1610-1624)
- Stephen Brito, S.J. (18 Feb 1624 - 2 Dec 1641 Died)
- Francisco Garcia Mendes, S.J. (2 Dec 1641 - 3 Jan 1653) Garcia was overthrown through the Coonan Cross Oath. However he remained archbishop of Cranganore for a small minority of Latin Christians until his death in 1659.
- Parambil Thoma (1653) - intrusus (proclaimed bishop in 1653, remained without consecration until 1665. In 1665, he was consecrated by Jacobite bishop Gregorios Abdul Jaleel, leading to the formation of Puthenkoor Jacobite Syrians led by Malankara Jacobite bishops who succeeded him. This was accompanied by the schism of Saint Thomas Christians into East Syriac and West Syriac factions.)[2]
- Joseph Maria Sebastiani (1656–1663)- intrusus as the Vicar apostolic of Malabar
- Mar Alaksandros I (AD 1663) (also Vicar Apostolic of Malabar)[2]
- Shemon of Ada (1700 – 1720) - sent by Patriarch Eliah IX Yohannan Augen, he was arrested by Latin missionaries. Hoping to get freed, he consecrated Angelo Francisco, the Carmelite Vicar Apostolic of Verapoly in 1701. But was imprisoned in Pondicherry where he was found dead in a well.
- Gabriel of Azerbaijan (1705–1730)- sent by Patriarch Eliah X Augen, he maintained considerable support among both factions of Saint Thomas Christians.
- Mar Yowseph III (1783– 1787)
- Paremakkal Thoma (1787–1799)- never been consecrated as bishop, but appointed as Gobernador (Administrator)
- Abraham Paulose Pandari (1796–1799) - consecrated by Chaldean Catholic Patriarch Yohannan VIII Hormizd, briefly recognised by Dionysius I and Paremmakkal Thoma in 1799, but never recognised by the Pope.
- Thoma Rokkos - consecrated by Chaldean Catholic Patriarch Joseph VI Audo, achieved limited recognition from a section of Saint Thomas Christians of both factions, received by the Jacobite Metropolitan in Angamaly, however excommunicated by the Pope.[3]
- Yohannan Elia Mellus (1874 – 1882) - sent by Patriarch Joseph VI Audo, consolidated strong support among the Catholic Saint Thomas Christians, but excommunicated by the pope. He led the movement which led to the formation of the Chaldean Syrian Church and the erection of separate Syro-Malabar hierarchy.[1][4][5][6][3]
Vicar Apostolics of Kottayam, Thrissur, Ernakulam and Southists
Following the schism, the pope having abandoned the latinisation policy, separated Syro-Malabar Christians in 1887 from the Vicariate of Verapoly, the local Latin Catholic hierarchy.[3]
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Kottayam (Changanacherry)
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Thrissur
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Archbishop of Ernakulam
- Mar Agasthinos I (1923 - 1956)
Archbishops of Ernakulam and Changanacherry
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Changanacherry
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Ernakulam
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Major Archbishops of Ernakulam-Angamaly
- Mar Anthonis I (1992–1997)
- Mar Giwargis I (1997–2011)
- Mar Giwargis II (2011–present)[7][8]
References
- ^ a b Eugène Tisserant: Eastern Christianity in India. Longmans, Green and Co., London 1957, 112-119
- ^ a b "Divisions and Rite of the Churches- Syro Malabar Church, Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church ,Malankara Orthodox Syriac Church, Thozhiyur Church, Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church, Syro Malankara Church, Chaldean Syrain Church". nasrani.net. 14 January 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ a b c Perczel, István (2013). Peter Bruns; Heinz Otto Luthe (eds.). "Some New Documents on the Struggle of the Saint Thomas Christians to Maintain the Chaldaean Rite and Jurisdiction". Orientalia Christiana: Festschrift für Hubert Kaufhold zum 70. Geburtstag; pp. 415-436. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
- ^ Georg Graf: History of Christian Arabic literature. 4th Bd Apost Bibl. Vaticana, Città del Vaticano 1951, 112f
- ^ Joseph Habbi: Les Chaldéens et les Malabar au 19e siècle.In: Oriens Christianus 64 (1980) 82-107.
- ^ Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908765.
- ^ "Syro-Malabar Major Archdiocese of Ernakulam–Angamaly [GCatholic.org]".
- ^ "Major Arch Bishop Alencheril Mar Giwargis II Bava-The Patriarch of Syro Malabar Church and The Gate of All India- A Discussion on The Historical Hierarchical Status of The Church of Saint Thomas Christians". nasrani.net. 8 June 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2022.