add map |
Removing merge template; no case made; no support; other page doesn't exist |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
==Geologic History, Stratigraphy & Tectonics== |
==Geologic History, Stratigraphy & Tectonics== |
||
The oldest rocks on the island formed beginning in the early [[Cretaceous]] through island arc plutonism. Before the [[Aptian]], the island was uplifted, particularly in the east, likely due to the collision of a volcanic island arc. In total, Hispaniola is formed from 11 distinct small island arcs. From the [[Albian]] to the [[Campanian]], plutonism, metamorphism and volcanism began simultaneously, taking place underwater on the largely submerged landmass. In the Campanian a second arc collision took place. |
The oldest rocks on the island formed beginning in the early [[Cretaceous]] through island arc plutonism. Before the [[Aptian]], the island was uplifted, particularly in the east, likely due to the collision of a volcanic island arc. In total, Hispaniola is formed from 11 distinct small island arcs. From the [[Albian]] to the [[Campanian]], plutonism, metamorphism and volcanism began simultaneously, taking place underwater on the largely submerged landmass. In the Campanian a second arc collision took place. |
||
[[Picrite]] from the Duarte Complex in central Hispaniola has been inferred as Galapagos hotspot-type island plateau rocks.<ref name="uchicago">{{Cite journal|title=Is the Lower Duarte Igneous Complex (Hispaniola) a Remnant of the Caribbean Plume-Generated Oceanic Plateau? | The Journal of Geology: Vol 105, No 1|journal=The Journal of Geology|volume=105|pages=111–120|doi=10.1086/606151|year = 1997|last1 = Lapierre|first1 = Henriette|last2=Dupuis|first2=Vincent|last3=De Lépinay|first3=Bernard Mercier|last4=Tardy|first4=Marc|last5=Ruíz|first5=Joaquín|last6=Maury|first6=René C.|last7=Hernandez|first7=Jean|last8=Loubet|first8=Michel}}</ref> |
[[Picrite]] from the Duarte Complex in central Hispaniola has been inferred as Galapagos hotspot-type island plateau rocks.<ref name="uchicago">{{Cite journal|title=Is the Lower Duarte Igneous Complex (Hispaniola) a Remnant of the Caribbean Plume-Generated Oceanic Plateau? | The Journal of Geology: Vol 105, No 1|journal=The Journal of Geology|volume=105|pages=111–120|doi=10.1086/606151|year = 1997|last1 = Lapierre|first1 = Henriette|last2=Dupuis|first2=Vincent|last3=De Lépinay|first3=Bernard Mercier|last4=Tardy|first4=Marc|last5=Ruíz|first5=Joaquín|last6=Maury|first6=René C.|last7=Hernandez|first7=Jean|last8=Loubet|first8=Michel|bibcode=1997JG....105..111L |s2cid=128392775}}</ref> |
||
The Cordillera Central in the middle of the island has obducted [[peridotite]] from the mid-Cretaceous on top of a [[mylonite]] and [[phyllonite]] [[schist]] shear zone in the Maimon Formation. Deformation appears in rocks north, as far as the volcanic and sedimentary Los Ranchos Formation. They are unconformably overlain by [[Albian]]-[[Cenomanian]] limestones.<ref name="geoscienceworld">{{Cite journal|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/24/12/1143/189703|title=Thrust emplacement of the Hispaniola peridotite belt: Orogenic expression of the mid-Cretaceous Caribbean arc polarity reversal? | Geology|journal=Geology|volume=24|issue=12|pages=1143|accessdate=2018-11-11|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<1143:TEOTHP>2.3.CO;2|year=1996|last1=Draper|first1=Grenville|last2=Gutiérrez|first2=Gabriel|last3=Lewis|first3=John F.|hdl=10366/19389|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
The Cordillera Central in the middle of the island has obducted [[peridotite]] from the mid-Cretaceous on top of a [[mylonite]] and [[phyllonite]] [[schist]] shear zone in the Maimon Formation. Deformation appears in rocks north, as far as the volcanic and sedimentary Los Ranchos Formation. They are unconformably overlain by [[Albian]]-[[Cenomanian]] limestones.<ref name="geoscienceworld">{{Cite journal|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/24/12/1143/189703|title=Thrust emplacement of the Hispaniola peridotite belt: Orogenic expression of the mid-Cretaceous Caribbean arc polarity reversal? | Geology|journal=Geology|volume=24|issue=12|pages=1143|accessdate=2018-11-11|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<1143:TEOTHP>2.3.CO;2|year=1996|last1=Draper|first1=Grenville|last2=Gutiérrez|first2=Gabriel|last3=Lewis|first3=John F.|hdl=10366/19389|hdl-access=free}}</ref> |
||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
===Cenozoic (66 million years ago-present)=== |
===Cenozoic (66 million years ago-present)=== |
||
Into the [[Paleogene]] at the start of the [[Cenozoic]], volcanism, metamorphism and plutonism continued underwater until the [[Eocene]], still largely below water. However, by the middle Eocene, the amalgamated island arcs collided with the southern margin of the North American Plate at the Florida-Bahama Platform, leading to the formation of extensive carbonates and the end of volcanism and plutonism. The island arc rocks became exposed above the water line and began to erode as an east-west strike-slip fault emerged. |
Into the [[Paleogene]] at the start of the [[Cenozoic]], volcanism, metamorphism and plutonism continued underwater until the [[Eocene]], still largely below water. However, by the middle Eocene, the amalgamated island arcs collided with the southern margin of the North American Plate at the Florida-Bahama Platform, leading to the formation of extensive carbonates and the end of volcanism and plutonism. The island arc rocks became exposed above the water line and began to erode as an east-west strike-slip fault emerged. |
||
From the [[Miocene]] to recent times, oblique strike-slip faults formed along the sutures between old island arcs as the island compressed against North America and oceanic plateau terranes. Nine large fault bounded mountain ranges formed.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=dUICAQAAQBAJ |
From the [[Miocene]] to recent times, oblique strike-slip faults formed along the sutures between old island arcs as the island compressed against North America and oceanic plateau terranes. Nine large fault bounded mountain ranges formed.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dUICAQAAQBAJ&dq=geology+of+hispaniolaM&pg=PA1 | title=Geologic and Tectonic Development of the North America-Caribbean Plate Boundary in Hispaniola| isbn=9780813722627| last1=Mann| first1=Paul| last2=Draper| first2=Grenville| last3=Lewis| first3=John F.| year=1991| publisher=Geological Society of America}}</ref> |
||
Within the Dominican Republic, the central Cordillera Septentrional spans the strike-slip fault boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. Faults and folds from the [[Paleocene]] to the [[Pliocene]] in marine sedimentary rocks indicate its history of uplift, beginning in [[Eocene]] pelagic carbonates. Transpression in the Miocene-Pliocene created an [[anticline]] in shallow marine carbonates.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=dUICAQAAQBAJ |
Within the Dominican Republic, the central Cordillera Septentrional spans the strike-slip fault boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. Faults and folds from the [[Paleocene]] to the [[Pliocene]] in marine sedimentary rocks indicate its history of uplift, beginning in [[Eocene]] pelagic carbonates. Transpression in the Miocene-Pliocene created an [[anticline]] in shallow marine carbonates.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dUICAQAAQBAJ&dq=geology+of+dominican+republic&pg=PA265 | title=Geologic and Tectonic Development of the North America-Caribbean Plate Boundary in Hispaniola| isbn=9780813722627| last1=Mann| first1=Paul| last2=Draper| first2=Grenville| last3=Lewis| first3=John F.| year=1991| publisher=Geological Society of America}}</ref> |
||
==Natural resource geology== |
==Natural resource geology== |
||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
{{North America topic|Geology of}} |
{{North America topic|Geology of}} |
||
{{Dominican Republic topics}} |
{{Dominican Republic topics}} |
||
[[Category:Geology of the Dominican Republic| ]] |
[[Category:Geology of the Dominican Republic| ]] |
||
[[Category:Geology by country| Dominican Republic]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 18:06, 27 April 2024
The geology of the Dominican Republic is part of the broader geology of Hispaniola with rocks formed from multiple island arcs, colliding with North America.
Geologic History, Stratigraphy & Tectonics[edit]
The oldest rocks on the island formed beginning in the early Cretaceous through island arc plutonism. Before the Aptian, the island was uplifted, particularly in the east, likely due to the collision of a volcanic island arc. In total, Hispaniola is formed from 11 distinct small island arcs. From the Albian to the Campanian, plutonism, metamorphism and volcanism began simultaneously, taking place underwater on the largely submerged landmass. In the Campanian a second arc collision took place. Picrite from the Duarte Complex in central Hispaniola has been inferred as Galapagos hotspot-type island plateau rocks.[1]
The Cordillera Central in the middle of the island has obducted peridotite from the mid-Cretaceous on top of a mylonite and phyllonite schist shear zone in the Maimon Formation. Deformation appears in rocks north, as far as the volcanic and sedimentary Los Ranchos Formation. They are unconformably overlain by Albian-Cenomanian limestones.[2]
Cenozoic (66 million years ago-present)[edit]
Into the Paleogene at the start of the Cenozoic, volcanism, metamorphism and plutonism continued underwater until the Eocene, still largely below water. However, by the middle Eocene, the amalgamated island arcs collided with the southern margin of the North American Plate at the Florida-Bahama Platform, leading to the formation of extensive carbonates and the end of volcanism and plutonism. The island arc rocks became exposed above the water line and began to erode as an east-west strike-slip fault emerged. From the Miocene to recent times, oblique strike-slip faults formed along the sutures between old island arcs as the island compressed against North America and oceanic plateau terranes. Nine large fault bounded mountain ranges formed.[3]
Within the Dominican Republic, the central Cordillera Septentrional spans the strike-slip fault boundary between the North American and Caribbean plates. Faults and folds from the Paleocene to the Pliocene in marine sedimentary rocks indicate its history of uplift, beginning in Eocene pelagic carbonates. Transpression in the Miocene-Pliocene created an anticline in shallow marine carbonates.[4]
Natural resource geology[edit]
The large Pueblo Viejo oxide gold deposit formed due to gold, quartz and pyrophyllite weathering in a small basin within the Los Ranchos Formation. At its basin, the formation has conglomerate, ascending to sandstone and carbonaceous sandstone with plant fossils indicating proximity to land. Veins filled with metal due to hydrothermal emplacement.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Lapierre, Henriette; Dupuis, Vincent; De Lépinay, Bernard Mercier; Tardy, Marc; Ruíz, Joaquín; Maury, René C.; Hernandez, Jean; Loubet, Michel (1997). "Is the Lower Duarte Igneous Complex (Hispaniola) a Remnant of the Caribbean Plume-Generated Oceanic Plateau? | The Journal of Geology: Vol 105, No 1". The Journal of Geology. 105: 111–120. Bibcode:1997JG....105..111L. doi:10.1086/606151. S2CID 128392775.
- ^ Draper, Grenville; Gutiérrez, Gabriel; Lewis, John F. (1996). "Thrust emplacement of the Hispaniola peridotite belt: Orogenic expression of the mid-Cretaceous Caribbean arc polarity reversal? | Geology". Geology. 24 (12): 1143. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<1143:TEOTHP>2.3.CO;2. hdl:10366/19389. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
- ^ Mann, Paul; Draper, Grenville; Lewis, John F. (1991). Geologic and Tectonic Development of the North America-Caribbean Plate Boundary in Hispaniola. Geological Society of America. ISBN 9780813722627.
- ^ Mann, Paul; Draper, Grenville; Lewis, John F. (1991). Geologic and Tectonic Development of the North America-Caribbean Plate Boundary in Hispaniola. Geological Society of America. ISBN 9780813722627.
- ^ Kesler, Stephen E.; Russell, N.; Seaward, M.; Rivera, J.; McCurdy, K.; Cumming, George L.; Sutter, J. F. (1981). "Geology and geochemistry of sulfide mineralization underlying the Pueblo Viejo gold-silver oxide deposit, Dominican Republic | Economic Geology". Economic Geology. 76 (5): 1096–1117. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.76.5.1096. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
