Comment: Regarding Special:Diff/1199715324:• The majority of the cited sources don't seem to discuss this draft's topic (Kurds in Caucasia)• Multiple cited sources are not very useful (e.g., the sources referred to in footnotes 1 and 12)• There is a significant logical break: The draft discusses "Kurds in Caucasia", but then describes Kurds in Kazakhstan without citing a single source that discusses why this connection ought to be made, i.e., I suspect WP:SYNTH;• No source seems to discuss the number that expresses the entirety of Kurds in the Caucasus, i.e., WP:SYNTH or WP:OR was used to obtain that figure; • Some parts of the text directly address the reader.One could argue that the cited sources do not indicate notability, but I doubt that peoples or ethnicities cannot be deemed notable, and thus I'd argue that the cited sources are insufficient, hence the verifiability decline. Note that topics related to Kurdish Nationalism might be considered controversial, so a very good sourcing is required, and I'd be more strict in this case. But another AfC reviewer might see it differently. Best regards, --Johannes (Talk) (Contribs) (Articles) 22:10, 27 January 2024 (UTC)
Kurdên Kafkasyayê | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| Unknown | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia and Kazakhstan. | |
| Languages | |
| Kurdish (Kurmanji), Azeri, Armenian, Georgian, Russian and Kazakh. | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam, Shia Islam, Christianity and Yazidism. | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Iranian Peoples |
Caucasian Kurds are ethnic Kurds wich come from or live in the region of the Caucasus, this includes countries like Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and parts of Russia. The first Kurdish presence in the Caucasus region can be traced back to the middle of the 10th Century.[1] Some groups of Caucasian Kurds have been deported to Central Asia in 1937, 1938 and 1944 by the Soviet Union, under Joseph Stalin.[2] Most descendants of wich now reside in Kazakhstan. The total number of Caucasian Kurds inside and outside the Caucasus region is unknown.
Population
Armenia
According to the latest Armenian Census, 37,470 Kurds live in Armenia as of 2011.[3]They mostly live in western Armenia (not to be confused with historical Western Armenia), speaking the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish.
Georgia
According to the latest Georgian Census, 20,843 Kurds live in Georgia as of 2002.[4] Living mostly in Tibilisi and Rustavi, speaking Kurmanji.[5]
Soviet Union (Historical)
The number of Kurds in the Soviet Union in 1959 was 26,000 in Armenia, 16,000 in Georgia and more than 14,000 in Central Asia.[6]
| Country | Number | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armenia | 37,470 | 2011 | [3] |
| Azerbaijan | 70,000 | 2011 | [7] |
| Georgia | 20,843-60,000 | 2014 | [8] |
| Kazakhstan | 49,355 | 2023 | [9] |
| Russia | 50,701 | 2021 | [10] |
 |
Religion
In Armenia
The majority of Kurds in Armenia are Yazidis, the latest Armenian census from 2011[3] recorded 35,308 Yazidis and 2,162 Kurds (Kurd in this case meaning non-Yazidi Kurds, mostly Muslim Kurds with some christians), since in Armenia, Yazidis and Kurds are seen as two different ethnic groups.
In Georgia
In Georgia Yazidis are seen as part of the Kurdish ethnicity by the Georgian government, the number of Yazidis in Georgia has steadily declined since 1989. 30,000 in 1989, 18,000 in 2002 and 6,000 in 2015.[11]
History
Kurdish States in Caucasia
Shaddadid Dynasties (951-1199)
The History of Kurds in Caucasia goes back to the 10th Century, in 951 the Shaddadid Dynasty was established at Dvin by Muhammad ibn Shaddad (Arabic: محمد بن شداد; Kurdish: محمد بن شەداد), the Shaddadid Dynasty reached its greatest extend in 1030, during wich it included territories from modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan. In 1067 the Shaddadids became a Vassal state of the Seljuk Empire after the death of Abu'l-Aswar. The Shaddadid State (of Dvin & Ganja) was fully annexed in 1075 by the Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan, the Dynasty survived in Ani through Manuchihr ibn Shavur. The Shaddadid Dynasty of Ani was independent for almost another 100 years, until the Georgian King George III of Georgia annexed all of Ani for Georgia in 1161. The Shaddadids would rule over Ani again after a coalition of Muslim states defeated Georgia in 1163, though they were a Vassal of Azerbaijan. In 1174 Ani would again be occupied by Georgia, after switching sides between Georgia and the Shaddadids for another 4 times, the Shaddadid family lost all power over Ani in 1199.[12][13][14]
Kurdistan Uezd (1923-1929)
Kurdistan Uezd (also known as "Red Kurdistan") was a Soviet administrative unit wich existed as an Autonomous region inside the Azerbaijan SSR for 6 years. Its Capital was Lachin, overall the region was majority Kurdish. In 1929 the Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets dissolved the Autonomous Region.[15][2]
Kurdistan Okrug (1930)
The administrative unit of Kurdistan Okrug only existed for around 2 months after being dissolved, because it strained relations between the Soviet Union and Iran and Turkey.[2]
Kurdish Lachin (1992)
Kurdish Lachin (Officially: English: The Kurdish Republic of Lachin; Kurdish (Kurmanji): Komara kurdî ya Laçînê) was a unofficial Republic wich existed for one year during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, its Territory was the same as that of Kurdistan Uezd and the following Kurdistan Okrug. It was backed by Armenia, and when their support stopped due to political change in late 1992 the Republic was dissolved.[16][17]
Persecution
Deportation of 1937
The First Deportation of Kurds from Caucasia occurred in 1937, then leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin did not trust the Kurdish population and ordered their forced Deportation to Kazakhstan SSR, Uzbekistan SSR and Kyrgyzstan SSR. This group of Kurds from the first Deportation by Stalin came from Nakhchivan Autonomous SSR (Part of Azerbaijan SSR). Most of them died during the deportation.[18]
Deportation of 1938
In 1938 Azeris, Persians, Kurds and Assyrians were deported from Azerbaijan SSR to Kazakhstan SSR.[19]
Deportation of March 1944
Cleansing of Tbilisi, in March 1944 Azeris and Kurds had been deported from Tbilisi to Southern Georgia SSR.[19]
Deportation of November 1944
In November 1944 multiple ethnicitys from Southwestern Georgia SSR had been deported to Central Asia, among them Caucasian Kurds.[19]
Deportation of 1948
In August 1948 the last Deportation of Caucasian Kurds was carried out, Kurds belonging to the force of Mustafa Barzani from Azerbaijan SSR were deported for their affiliation with Barzani.[19]
Caucasian Kurds in Kazakhstan
History
The Kurdish Population in Kazakhstan is descendent from Caucasian Kurds from Azerbaijan and Georgia SSR, who have been deported to Central Asia in 1937, 1938 and 1944 by Joseph Stalin, then leader of the Soviet Union. Some Caucasian Kurds who were Deported to Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan later migrated north to Kazakhstan, because of the Osh Riots in 1990.[18]
Population
The Population of Kurds in Kazakhstan has steadily increased since 1970. Previous Population data does not exist.
| Year | Number |
|---|---|
| 1970 | 12,313 |
| 1979 | 17,692 |
| 1989 | 25,371 |
| 1999 | 32,764 |
| 2009 | 38,325 |
| 2019 | 46,348 |
| 2023 | 49,355 |
Religion
Most Kurds in Kazakhstan are Muslim, 98.3% of Kurds are Muslim and 0.52% are Christian.[9]
Language
88.7% of Kurds in Kazakhstan speak the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish as their mother tongue. Places in Kazakhstan in which Kurds are a substantial part of the population often teach Kurdish literature and the Kurdish Language in primary and secondary school. Since 1990 there is also a Kurdish newspaper in Kazakhstan named "Kurdistan".[21][9]
Notable People
- Qanate Kurdo, Kurdish philologist (born Kars oblast)
- Samand Siabandov, Kurdish Soviet war hero (born Kars oblast)
- Guram Zakharovich Adzhoyev, Kurdish footballer (born Tibilisi)
- Aziz Sergeyevich Shavershian, Kurdish-Australian bodybuilder (parents are Kurds from Armenia)
See also
References
- ^ "SHADDADIDS-Encyclopedia Iranica".
- ^ a b c "ПАРТИЗАНЫ НА ПОВОДКЕ". www.hist.ru. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ a b c https://armstat.am/file/doc/99478353.pdf Retrieved Jan/20th/2024 via Statistical Committee of Armenia
- ^ "Wayback Machine" (PDF). web.archive.org. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ^ "UNHCR Web Archive". webarchive.archive.unhcr.org. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ^ "The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire". www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ^ "Azerbaijan's Kurds Fear Loss Of National Identity". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
- ^ "Refworld| Georgia:Treatment of the Kurds, in particular of Yezidi Kurds".
- ^ a b c "RESULTS OF THE 2009 NATIONAL POPULATION CENSUS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-02-28. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ "Ethnic composition of Russia 2021". pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
- ^ staff, DFWatch. "Yazidi temple, third in the world, opened in Tbilisi". Democracy & Freedom Watch. Retrieved 2024-01-20.
- ^ Studies in Caucasian History. New York: Taylor’s Foreign Press. 1953. ISBN 0-521-05735-3.
- ^ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ "Meyyāfāriḳīn Tarihi'nde Kafkasya". Marmara Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi (in Turkish). 9 (2): 538–549. 2022-12-19. doi:10.16985/mtad.1161329. ISSN 2148-6743.
- ^ The Kurds: a contemporary overview. Routledge-SOAS politics and culture in the Middle East series. London: Routledge. 1992. ISBN 978-0-415-07265-6.
- ^ "The Kurdish Republic of Lachin being declared in 1992".
- ^ "THE KURDS REMAIN CAUGHT IN THE "TRANSCAUCASIAN TRIANGLE"". Jamestown. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ a b Kassymova, Didar; Kundakbayeva, Zhanat; Markus, Ustina (2012-05-18). Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7983-6.
- ^ a b c d Dundovich, Elena; Gori, Francesca; Guercetti, Emanuela (2003). Reflections on the Gulag: With a Documentary Index on the Italian Victims of Repression in the USSR (37 ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 75. ISBN 978-8807990588.
- ^ "Population statistics of Eastern Europe & former USSR". pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ "KurdishMedia.com: News about Kurds and Kurdistan". 2012-03-25. Archived from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2024-01-21.