Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction

Content deleted Content added
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Alter: chapter-url, url, title. Add: author pars. 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were actually parameter name changes. | You can use this bot yourself. Report bugs here. | Suggested by Headbomb | via #UCB_webform
ce
Line 27: Line 27:


*Collart, Jean-Luc. « Saint-Quentin », dans Blaise Pichon, ''Carte archéologique de la Gaule – l’Aisne – 02'', Paris, 2002, p. 378-404.
*Collart, Jean-Luc. « Saint-Quentin », dans Blaise Pichon, ''Carte archéologique de la Gaule – l’Aisne – 02'', Paris, 2002, p. 378-404.
*{{Cite journal|last=Collart|first=Jean-Luc|date=2007|title=Recherches archéologiques récentes à Saint-Quentin et Vermand : leur apport à la question de la localisation du chef-lieu des Viromandui dans l'Antiquité|url=https://www.academia.edu/6591929|journal=Mémoires de la fédération des sociétés d’Histoire et d’Archéologie de l’Aisne|volume=2|pages=9–39|via=}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Collart|first=Jean-Luc|date=2007|title=Recherches archéologiques récentes à Saint-Quentin et Vermand : leur apport à la question de la localisation du chef-lieu des Viromandui dans l'Antiquité|url=https://www.academia.edu/6591929|journal=Mémoires de la fédération des sociétés d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de l'Aisne|volume=2|pages=9–39|via=}}


{{coord|49.8486|N|3.2864|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{coord|49.8486|N|3.2864|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

Revision as of 23:44, 6 October 2020

Augusta Viromanduorum is an ancient Gallo-Roman settlement, corresponding to the modern city of Saint-Quentin (Aisne, Hauts-de-France).

History

Augusta Viromandorum, was founded during the reign of Emperor Augustus, just 11km away from Vermand, the main oppidum of the Viromandui.[1] The settlement is mentioned as Au̓goústa Ou̓iromandúōn (Αὐγούστα <Οὐι>ρομανδύων) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[2] as Augusta Veromandorum in the Antonine Itinerary, as Aug. Viro Muduorum on the Tabula Peutingeriana (5th c.), and perhaps as Civitas Veromandorum by the Notitia Galliarum (ca. 400).[3][4]

Closer to an important trade route between Italy and the port of Boulogne, Augusta Viromandorum soon replaced Vermand as the main settlement of the region.[5] It reached a size of 40–60ha during the Roman era, in the average of Gallo-Roman chief towns.[6]

During the 4th century, the lack of archaeological evidence suggest that the settlement was deserted or its population considerably reduced.[7] Some scholars have argued that Vermand replaced Augusta as the capital from this period up until the 9th century, when the regional prominence shifted definitely to Saint-Quentin in the 9th century. This "fluctuation" of power could be explained by the insecurities of the period, which led the local inhabitants to seek for protection in the old though near oppidum, since Saint-Quentin did not possess a castrum.[8] Malsy (2001) rejects this hypothesis,[9] and Beaujard and Prévot (2004) doubt it, suggesting that the episcopal siege may have been in Saint-Quentin before its transfer to Noyon.[10]

References

  1. ^ Collart 2007, p. 367. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFCollart2007 (help)
  2. ^ Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:9:6
  3. ^ Nègre 1990, p. 158.
  4. ^ Falileyev 2010, entry 1858.
  5. ^ Collart 2007, p. 366. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFCollart2007 (help)
  6. ^ Collart 2007, pp. 367, 377. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFCollart2007 (help)
  7. ^ Collart 2007, p. 378. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFCollart2007 (help)
  8. ^ Collart & Gaillard 2004, p. 493.
  9. ^ Malsy 2001, pp. 639–645.
  10. ^ Beaujard & Prévot 2004, pp. 32–33.

Bibliography

Further reading

49°50′55″N 3°17′11″E / 49.8486°N 3.2864°E / 49.8486; 3.2864