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|leader = [[Oleh Tyahnybok]]
|leader = [[Oleh Tyahnybok]]
|foundation = 1991
|foundation = 1991
|ideology = [[Ukrainian nationalism|Social-Nationalism]],<ref>[http://www.svoboda.org.ua/pro_partiyu/prohrama/]</ref><br>[[Nativism (politics)|Nativism]],<br>[[Right-wing populism]]
|ideology = [[Left-wing nationalism|Social-Nationalism]],<ref>[http://www.svoboda.org.ua/pro_partiyu/prohrama/]</ref><br>[[Nativism (politics)|Nativism]],<br>[[Right-wing populism]]
|position = [[Far-right]]<ref name = "Shekhovtsov">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2011). [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a934922041 "The Creeping Resurgence of the Ukrainian Radical Right? The Case of the Freedom Party".] ''[[Europe-Asia Studies]]'' Volume 63, Issue 2. pp. 203-228. {{doi|10.1080/09668136.2011.547696}}</ref>
|position = [[Far-right]]<ref name = "Shekhovtsov">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2011). [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a934922041 "The Creeping Resurgence of the Ukrainian Radical Right? The Case of the Freedom Party".] ''[[Europe-Asia Studies]]'' Volume 63, Issue 2. pp. 203-228. {{doi|10.1080/09668136.2011.547696}}</ref>
|international = ''none''
|international = ''none''

Revision as of 21:09, 4 April 2011

Svoboda
LeaderOleh Tyahnybok
Founded1991
HeadquartersKiev
IdeologySocial-Nationalism,[1]
Nativism,
Right-wing populism
Political positionFar-right[2]
European affiliationAlliance of European National Movements
International affiliationnone
ColoursBlue and Yellow
Website
http://www.svoboda.org.ua
Meeting in Kiev.
Meeting in Kiev.

All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda" (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнське об'єднання "Свобода") is a nationalist right-wing political party in Ukraine led by Oleh Tyahnybok. Svoboda's ideology is centered around the concept of "natiocracy", which centers around the right of each nation to have complete control over its own ethnic territory. During recent local elections in Eastern Galicia the party won significantly and became a main forces in local government.[3][4]

"Svoboda" is a controversial party and its actions and ideology have been linked to racism, xenophobia, stirring up ethnic tensions and Nazism.[5][6] But according to partyleader Tyahnybok "it is the ideology of love".[6]

History

First Party Logo (1995(or 1991?)— 2004)

The (political) party was established in 1995,[7] although the movement was founded September 1991. Until February 14, 2004 the party was called Social-National Party of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Соціал-національна партія України). In the 1998 parliamentary elections the party participated in a bloc of parties (together with the All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine")[8] called Less words (Ukrainian: Менше слів) which collected 0,16% of the votes[7][9][10] and one constituency seat for Oleh Tyahnybok.[11] In parliament he became a member of the People's Movement of Ukraine fraction.[11]

One of the most important facts that the organization points is that when the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) outlawed the Communist Party its members were still allowed to be elected or reorganize in under different names such as the Socialist Party of Ukraine of Oleksandr Moroz. The party openly opposes itself to everything that is the Communist ideology.

In the 2007 parliamentary elections the party received 0.76% of the votes cast,[7] more than twice that of the 2006 parliamentary elections when they received 0.36%.[7]

During the 2010 Ukrainian local elections the party won between twenty and thirty percent of the votes in Eastern Galicia where it became one of the main forces in local government.[3] The 2009 provincial elections in Ternopil had that far been the greatest success of the Svoboda party, when it won a majority of votes (34,4%).[4] According to opinion polls the party was expected to achieve the minimum 3% nationwide vote tally[12] needed to enter the Verkhovna Rada in the next nationwide parliamentary elections.[13] During the 2010 Ukrainian local elections Svoboda took surpassed this figure, accounting for 5.2% of the vote nationwide.[14] Annalists explained Svoboda’s victory in Galicia during the 2010 elections as a result of the policies of the Azarov Government, who were seen as too pro-Russian by the electorate.[14][15][16] According to Andreas Umland (Senior Lecturer in Political Science at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy[17]) Svoboda's increasing exposure in the Ukrainian media contributed to its recent successes.[16]

As of 2011 Svoboda has factions in eight of Ukraine's 25 regional councils and in three of those Svoboda is the biggest faction.[5] Umland and novelist Andrey Kurkov have accused the Party of Regions of giving "unofficial support" to Svobada to make there main opponent BYuT weaker.[16][18] A February 10, 2011 poll by Razumkov Centre gave Svoboda 5.5% of the national vote (in a parliamentary election).[19]

Several clergymen of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church are representatives of Svoboda.[20] According to the party they were chosen on election lists "to counterbalance opponents who include “Moscow priests” in there election lists and have aspirations to build the “Russian World” in Ukraine".[20] All clergymen will be recalled if a draft Constitution of Ukraine proposed by the party is approved (see section Recent issue stances).[20]

Ideology

Svoboda is Ukrainian nationalistic, in favour of a purely presidential regime and has anti-Western stances.[16][21] Wich led Andreas Umland to the conclusion (in January 2011) that Svoboda is "somewhat alike" the pro-Russian Party of Regions.[16] The party is known for its anti-Communists points of view and several party activist over the years have been accused of trying to destroy Communist statues.[21][22][23][24][25] A contrast with Svoboda's ideology is that 68% of the population in Svoboda’s core voter regions (which is Western Ukraine) support Ukrainian EU membership.[26]

The party slogan is "Ukraine for Ukrainians".[21]

According to party leader Oleh Tyahnybok Svoboda is not an ‘extremist’ party, "depicting nationalism as extremism is a cliché rooted in Soviet and modern globalist propaganda".[5] He also stated that "countries like" Japan and Israel are fully nationalistic states, "but nobody accuses the Japanese of being extremists".[5]

Recent issue stances

Party leader Oleh Tyahnybok has described the Azarov Government and the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych "a Kremlin colonial administration".[5]

Points in the Svoboda party program are:

  • Criminal prosecution for “Ukrainophobia”[16]
  • The restoration of the Soviet practice indicating nationality in passports and on birth certificates[16]
  • Proportional representation on executive bodies of ethnic Ukrainians, on the one hand, and national minorities, on the other[16]
  • A ban on adoptions by non-Ukrainians of Ukrainian children[16]
  • Preferential treatment for Ukrainian students in the allocation of hostel places, and a series of similar changes to existing legal provisions.[16]
  • Ordained persons should have no right to be elected to state authorities or local self-government authorities[20]

Svoboda also states in its programme that it is both possible and necessary to make Ukraine the “geopolitical centre of Europe”.[16]

Electoral results

Autonomous Republic,
region,
city,
state value 		Flag
oblast` 		Place taken
in the region 		Votes «support»
on party Ukrainian
parliamentary
election, 2006 		% Votes «support» Place taken
in the region 		Votes «support»
party, on Ukrainian
parliamentary
election, 2007 		%
votes «support» 		Place taken
in the region 		Votes «support»
in 2010 Ukrainian Presidential elections for Oleh Tyahnybok 		% Votes «support»
Autonomous Republic of Crimea 34 532 0.05% 16 827 0.09% 11 2 528 0.25%
Vinnytsia Oblast 23 1 374 0.14% 8 4 120 0.47% 9 11 401 1.26%
Volyn Oblast 15 3 347 0.55% 7 8 215 1.45% 7 19 472 3.31%
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast 31 1 853 0.10% 11 4 471 0.27% 9 11 657 0.63
Donetsk Oblast 34 835 0.03% 13 2 123 0.08% 10 4 706 0.19%
Zhytomyr Oblast 28 942 0.13% 9 2 566 0.39% 8 6 863 0.99%
Zakarpattia Oblast 32 1 027 0.17% 7 2 670 0.54% 11 5 527 1.02%
Zaporizhia Oblast 33 609 0.06% 12 1 968 0.21% 10 4 870 0.48%
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 7 10 266 1.28% 3 26 792 3.41% 5 38 346 4.95%
Kiev Oblast 20 1 904 0.19% 7 6 146 0.67% 8 14 783 1.56%
Kirovohrad Oblast 27 728 0.13% 11 1 207 0.25% 9 3 959 0.77%
Luhansk Oblast 33 429 0.03% 15 798 0.06% 10 2 810 0.21%
Lviv Oblast 6 33 829 2.23% 4 45 681 3.06% 5 79 011 5.35%
Mykolaiv Oblast 29 702 0.11% 11 1 137 0.20% 9 3 783 0.62%
Odessa Oblast 28 1 338 0.12% 13 1 771 0.17% 9 6 119 0.52%
Poltava Oblast 25 1 339 0.15% 10 2 378 0.30% 8 9 779 1.21%
Rivne Oblast 20 1 439 0.22% 7 6 680 1.12% 7 16 879 2.70%
Sumy Oblast 23 903 0.13% 11 1 335 0.21% 9 5 016 0.79%
Ternopil Oblast 7 13 317 1.97% 3 22 886 3.44% 5 31 659 4.89%
Kharkiv Oblast 24 1 556 0.10% 12 2 928 0.22% 10 8 361 0.57%
Kherson Oblast File:Kherson flag.jpg 34 402 0.07% 12 1 010 0.20% 9 4 046 0.75%
Khmelnytskyi Oblast 18 2 457 0.31% 7 3 461 0.48% 8 12 726 1.70%
Cherkasy Oblast 18 1 670 0.23% 7 4 851 0.73% 9 8 634 1.26%
Chernivtsi Oblast 19 1 903 0.41% 7 3 129 0.76% 8 5 167 1.18%
Chernihiv Oblast 29 743 0.11% 11 1 645 0.28% 9 4 887 0.81%
Kiev 17 5 490 0.37% 7 17 105 1.25% 9 27 635 1.93%
City of Sevastopol 35 105 0.05% 16 170 0.09% 11 603 0.29%
Constituency of polling stations located abroad 9 295 0.85% 4 590 2.28% 6 1 055 3.29%
Ukraine 18 91 321 0.36% 8 178 660 0.76% 8 352 282 1.43%

Representation in regional council

Oblast
council 		Flag Total council
members 		Svoboda % Svoboda individual seats won Swoboda total seats won
Ternopil` oblast council
120
34,69%
—
50
L`viv oblast council
116
25,98%
16
41
Ivano-Frankivsk oblast council
114
16,60%
5
17
Volyn` oblast council
80
7,44%
1
6
Rivne oblast council
80
6,34%
1
5
Cernivtsi oblast council
104
3,90%
4
Kyiv oblast council
148
3,48%
0
5
Khmelnyts`kyi oblast council
104
4,06%
0
5

Change in party voting
2006 2007
2010 (January — Oleh Tyahnybok) 2010 (October, local election)

Other actions

See also

References & footnotes

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Shekhovtsov, Anton (2011). "The Creeping Resurgence of the Ukrainian Radical Right? The Case of the Freedom Party". Europe-Asia Studies Volume 63, Issue 2. pp. 203-228. doi:10.1080/09668136.2011.547696
  3. ^ a b Local government elections in Ukraine: last stage in the Party of Regions’ takeover of power, Centre for Eastern Studies (October 4, 2010)
  4. ^ a b Template:Uk icon Генеральна репетиція президентських виборів: на Тернопільщині стався прогнозований тріумф націоналістів і крах Тимошенко, Ukrayina Moloda (March 17, 2009)
  5. ^ a b c d e Ukrainian nationalist leader thriving in hard times, Business Ukraine (January 20, 2011)
  6. ^ a b Tiahnybok at Shuster show (video)
  7. ^ a b c d Template:Uk icon Всеукраїнське об'єднання «Свобода», Database ASD
  8. ^ Elections of folk deputies of Ukraine on March 29, 1998 the Election programmes of political parties and electoral blocs, Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (1998)
  9. ^ Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  10. ^ Candidates list for Less words, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
  11. ^ a b Template:Uk icon Олег Тягнибок, Ukrinform
  12. ^ Laws of Ukraine. Law No. 1665-IV: On elections of People's deputies of Ukraine. Adopted on 2004-03-25. (Ukrainian). Article 96.
  13. ^ If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday how would you vote? (recurrent, 2008-2010), Razumkov Centre
  14. ^ a b Nationalist Svoboda scores election victories in western Ukraine, Kyiv Post (November 11, 2010)
  15. ^ Template:Uk icon Підсилення "Свободи" загрозою несвободи, BBC Ukrainian (November 4, 2010)
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle?, openDemocracy.net (January 3, 2011)
  17. ^ On the move: Andreas Umland, Kyiv – Mohyla Academy, Kyiv Post (September 30, 2010)
  18. ^ Ukraine viewpoint: Novelist Andrey Kurkov, BBC News (January 13, 2011)
  19. ^ Template:Uk icon Динаміка виборчих орієнтацій громадян України, Razumkov Centre (February 10, 2011)
  20. ^ a b c d Tiahnybok: Priests on Lists of Svoboda Party Are to Counterbalance 'Moscow Priests' on Lists of Opponents, Religious Information Service of Ukraine (19 October 2010)
  21. ^ a b c Ukraine's Orange band loses its voice, BBC News ()
  22. ^ Monument to Lenin was opened with scandal, UNIAN (November 27, 2009)
  23. ^ Police detain two persons who threw bottle of paint at Lenin monument in Kyiv, Kyiv Post (November 27, 2009)
  24. ^ Template:Uk icon Події за темами: У Києві облили фарбою пам’ятник Леніну під час його відкриття після реставрації, UNIAN (November 27, 2009)
  25. ^ Svoboda activists questioned due to explosion of monument to Stalin, Kyiv Post (January 3, 2010)
  26. ^ Should we fear the rise of the Ukrainian Right?, Business Ukraine (January 19, 2011)

External links

Template:Link FA

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Svoboda%22&action=historysubmit&diff=422386345