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==Theology==
==Theology==
Zenz is a [[lapsed Catholic]]-turned-[[Born again|born-again Christian]], and has stated that he feels "led by God" in his research on Chinese Muslims and other minority groups.<ref name="WSJ2019"/> Zenz co-authored a book in 2012 with his father-in-law, Marlon L. Sias, titled ''Worthy to Escape: Why All Believers Will Not Be Raptured Before the Tribulation''.<ref name="WSJ2019"/>
Zenz is a [[lapsed Catholic]]-turned-[[Born again|born-again Christian]], and has stated that he feels "led by God" in his research on Chinese Muslims and other minority groups.<ref name="WSJ2019"/> Zenz co-authored a book in 2012 with his father-in-law, Marlon L. Sias, titled, "''Worthy to Escape: Why All Believers Will Not Be Raptured Before the Tribulation"'' which warned certain modern trends, including [[gender equality]], decriminalisation of homosexuality and bans on [[corporal punishment]], are linked to the power of the [[Antichrist]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zenz|first=Adrian|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lRtSQB3HHJcC&pg=PA30 |title=Worthy to Escape: Why All Believers Will Not Be Raptured Before the Tribulation|last2=Sias|first2=Marlon L.|date=November 2012|publisher=WestBow Press|isbn=978-1-4497-6906-2|language=en|pages=46-47 |quote=The deceptive leopard-like power of the Antichrist is the prevailing spirit of the age, the world's dominant philosophy, and it is already becoming quite obvious what that will be: postmodern relativism and tolerance thinking. [...] Rising numbers of countries are banning all forms of physical punishments of children [...] But true scriptural spanking is loving discipline and not violence, and neglecting the wisdom of the church makes the church increasingly vulnerable to the schemes of the enemy. Another important God-given authority structure that Satan is attacking through the postmodern spirit is that of gender authority structures [...] Through notions of gender equality [...] the enemy is undermining God's unique but different role assignments for men and women.}}</ref>


== Reception ==
== Reception ==

Revision as of 12:16, 24 May 2022

Adrian Zenz
Zenz in 2019
Born
Adrian Nikolaus Zenz

1974 (age 49–50)
NationalityGerman[1]
Known forResearch on Xinjiang re-education camps
Academic background
Alma materUniversity of Auckland
University of Cambridge
Academic work
DisciplineAnthropology
InstitutionsVictims of Communism Memorial Foundation
European School of Culture and Theology (Akademie für Weltmission [de] and Columbia International University)

Adrian Nikolaus Zenz[2] (born 1974)[3] is a German anthropologist known for his studies of the Xinjiang internment camps (also known as "re-education" camps) and Uyghur genocide.[4] He is a senior fellow in China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, an anti-communist think tank based in Washington DC.[5][6][7]

Career

Zenz received a master's degree in development studies from the University of Auckland following which he managed development projects in China.[8][9] He later received a PhD in social anthropology from the University of Cambridge, with a doctoral thesis on minority education, job opportunities, and the ethnic identity of young Tibetans in western China.[10][11] He is a fluent speaker of Mandarin Chinese.[11]

He was a lecturer in social research methodology at the European School of Culture and Theology,[5][12] a joint venture between the Evangelical theological institution Akademie für Weltmission [de] and Columbia International University,[13][14] where he advised doctoral students.[15] In the summer of 2018, he moved from Europe to the United States.[16] As of 2021, he is a senior fellow in China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.[5][7]

Zenz also serves as an advisor to the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China.[7][15]

Anthropology

Xinjiang

Zenz's most influential work has been his research on the mass detention of Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities within China's Xinjiang internment camps.[1] Zenz was one of the first researchers to have revealed the existence, size, and scope of these camps.[1][17][18]

Since February 2018,[1] Zenz has studied the mass detention of Uyghurs in internment camps in Xinjiang. His work has been based on Chinese government budget plans, bidding papers, leaked documents, spreadsheets, and other official documents.[1][19][20][21] In a May 2018 report published by the Washington, D.C.-based Jamestown Foundation, Zenz initially estimated the number of detained Muslims to range from 100,000 to just over 1 million.[1] Zenz based this estimate on documents published by Istiqlal, a Turkey-based Uyghur exile media organization, which had reportedly been leaked by anonymous Chinese public security officials in the region, along with two reports on Muslim detention quotas by Shohret Hoshur for Radio Free Asia.[22][23][24][25][26] He then extrapolated from these figures and incorporated information from former detainees and public Chinese government documents that gave indications of the sizes and numbers of the camps.[1][24]

Since then, his estimate has been cited widely, with many sources, including experts on a United Nations human rights panel, preferring to use the higher end of the estimate's range, while other scholars have questioned its accuracy.[1][27] Later, in March 2019, Zenz provided a higher speculative estimate to the United Nations that 1.5 million Uyghurs had been detained in camps, saying that his number accounted for both the increases in the size and scope of detention in the region and public reporting on the stories of Uyghur exiles with family in internment camps.[1] In July 2019, Zenz wrote in the Journal of Political Risk that he speculated that 1.5 million Uyghurs had been extrajudicially detained, which he described as being "an equivalent to just under one in six adult members of a Turkic and predominantly Muslim minority group in Xinjiang."[28] In November 2019, Zenz estimated that the number of internment camps in Xinjiang had surpassed 1,000.[29] In July 2020, Zenz wrote in Foreign Policy that his estimate had increased since November 2019, estimating that a total of 1.8 million Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities had been extrajudicially detained in what he described as "the largest incarceration of an ethnoreligious minority since the Holocaust," arguing that the Chinese Government was engaging in policies in violation of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.[30]

Zenz has also researched publicly available Chinese government documents that showed that the Chinese government has spent tens of millions of dollars since 2016 on a birth control surgery program that includes cash incentives for sterilization procedures.[31][32][33] Zenz's research showed that birth control violations are punishable by internment in the Xinjiang internment camps,[32][33] a conclusion that has been corroborated an Associated Press investigation that also found that women in Xinjiang were forcibly sterilized and subject to forced abortions.[31] According to Zenz, population growth rates in the two largest Uyghur prefectures in Xinjiang, Kashgar and Hotan, fell by 84% between 2015 and 2018 due to forced sterilization, contraception, and abortions on Uyghurs.[34][35][4]

In June 2021, Zenz published a 28-page study in Central Asian Survey arguing that China has carried population control in Xinjiang with the explicit “long-term” intent to reduce population growth of the Uyghur ethnic minority.[36][37]

Tibet

Zenz is the author of 'Tibetanness' Under Threat?, a study of the modern Tibetan education system. In the book, he examines the career prospects of students who major in Tibetan-language studies and the notion that the greater market value of Chinese-language education threatens Tibetan ethnocultural survival.[5][8]

In September 2020, Zenz authored a report that said that 500,000 Tibetans, mostly subsistence farmers and herders, were trained in the first seven months of 2020 in military-style training centres;[38][39][40][41] According to BBC News, experts have said these centres "are akin to labour camps".[40]

Theology

Zenz is a lapsed Catholic-turned-born-again Christian, and has stated that he feels "led by God" in his research on Chinese Muslims and other minority groups.[1] Zenz co-authored a book in 2012 with his father-in-law, Marlon L. Sias, titled, "Worthy to Escape: Why All Believers Will Not Be Raptured Before the Tribulation" which warned certain modern trends, including gender equality, decriminalisation of homosexuality and bans on corporal punishment, are linked to the power of the Antichrist.[42]

Reception

Xinjiang

Zenz's work to expose human rights abuses in Xinjiang has been the subject of widespread international attention and has been widely cited in media reports.[1][43][44][45][46]

An analysis published by the Mercator Institute for China Studies in January 2019 said that estimates by Zenz and others that 1 million Uyghurs had been subject to extrajudicial detention were "credible but remain unavoidably imprecise" and cited Zenz's 2018 study as one of two important studies that "popularized" this number.[43] Zenz's work has been described by the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as delivering solid evidence for the extent of the repression that had only been previously known through anecdotal evidence.[47][need quotation to verify]

The United States banned imports of cotton from Xinjiang shortly after Zenz published a report describing widespread use of forced labor in the region.[45]

As a result of his work on Xinjiang, Zenz has become a target for coordinated disinformation attacks from pro-Beijing and Chinese state-run media, as well as other state-affiliated entities.[11][48][49] Zenz and his work on Xinjiang have been criticized by the Chinese government,[45][50][51][52] which, according to The Globe and Mail, "has called his findings 'lies'—even when it confirmed them."[45] In March 2021, Chinese state media reported that Chinese companies have filed a lawsuit in Xinjiang against Zenz to recoup economic losses and restore their reputations in response to what Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian described as "Zenz's 'rumors' of forced labor in the region".[44] This lawsuit is one in a series of steps that the Chinese government is taking in order to attack critics of Chinese government policies in Xinjiang.[45][53][54] On April 2, 2021, a court in Kashgar accepted the civil case brought by a textile company in Xinjiang against Zenz for defamation.[55] During an interview with The Daily Telegraph published in May 2021, Zenz defended himself against allegations of fabrication, noting that 95% of documents he has analyzed are publicly available government records. Zenz has become the target of repeated cyber attacks, receiving many attempted hacking attacks via email from people posing as Uyghurs.[11]

The European Union, United States, United Kingdom, and Canada imposed coordinated sanctions against Chinese government officials over human rights abuses in Xinjiang in March 2021.[56][57] The Chinese government responded by imposing retaliatory sanctions against Zenz and others who had criticized the Chinese government for its human rights abuses in Xinjiang, including nine other people (five of whom are members of the European Parliament), two European Union bodies, the Mercator Institute for China Studies, and the Alliance of Democracies Foundation.[46][57] The sanctions against Zenz prohibit him from entering the People's Republic of China and restrict his ability to do business with Chinese firms.[46][57]

Tibet

A 2019 article in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung described Zenz's research methods on Tibetans as unconventional and exciting little interest in the professional world. The article stated that Zenz had analyzed job postings for security personnel in Tibet, compared them with data on self-immolation by Tibetans, and then used that data to draw his conclusions about the Chinese government's policies of repression.[47] Development studies researcher Andrew Fischer described Zenz's early work as an "excellent discussion" of Tibetan education that included "interesting ways of measuring and representing" school outcomes[58] and as offering a "rare insight" into Tibetan education with "fascinating" details and of "immense value".[59]

In 2020, a report from Reuters wrote that the news agency had "corroborated Zenz’s findings and found additional policy documents, company reports, procurement filings and state media reports" regarding a growing mass labor program in Tibet.[39][40][41] The Chinese Foreign Ministry said in response that workers were voluntary and strongly denied the involvement of forced labor.[39][41]

Robert Barnett, the former Director of the Modern Tibetan Studies Program at Columbia University, wrote in March 2021 that Zenz's work on Tibet is generally "well-regarded" and noted that Zenz has been subject to unfair and abusive attacks from Chinese state media.[60] Barnett, however, criticized the methods used in creating a report written by Zenz and published in September 2020 by the Jamestown Foundation, writing that the report had not been peer-reviewed prior to publication, did not refer to the findings of other Tibet researchers, and had not been independently verified by field research.[60] Barnett also criticized the timing of and media coverage surrounding the report's publication, arguing that it had been "coordinated with a prominent media campaign" and that prominent newspapers have misrepresented the report by overstating Zenz's conclusions regarding the existence of labor camps in Tibet.[60]

Selected works

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chin, Josh (May 21, 2019). "The German Data Diver Who Exposed China's Muslim Crackdown". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 19, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  2. ^ "British Library EThOS: 'Tibetanness' under threat? : assimilation, career and market reforms in Qinghai, P.R. China". EThOS: e-theses online service. British Library. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  3. '^ Zenz, Adrian (2014). Tibetanness' Under Threat?. ISBN 9789004257962. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved July 31, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "China's genocide against the Uyghurs of Xinjiang, in 4 disturbing charts - Vox". March 10, 2021. Archived from the original on May 15, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d "Adrian Zenz". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  6. ^ Editorial Board (December 16, 2019). "China appears to add a sickening new dimension to its treatment of Uighurs". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c "Adrian Zenz, Ph.D." Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  8. ^ a b Zenz, Adrian (2013). 'Tibetanness' Under Threat?: Neo-Integrationism, Minority Education and Career Strategies in Qinghai, P.R. China. Global Oriental. ISBN 978-9004257962.
  9. ^ U.S. Congress, Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific and Nonproliferation, Hearing: Authoritarianism with Chinese Characteristics: Political and Religious Human Rights Challenges in China, "Witness Biography", December 4, 2019.
  10. ^ "Adrian Zenz". Akademie für Weltmission [de]. Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d Ensor, Josie (May 3, 2021). "Meet the man China is taking desperate measures to silence". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  12. ^ Tiezzi, Shannon (December 1, 2018). "Adrian Zenz on China's Xinjiang Re-Education Campaign". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
  13. ^ National Cable Satellite Corporation. "Adrian Zenz". CSPAN. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  14. ^ "Studien- und Weiterbildungsangebote" (in German). Arbeitsgemeinschaft evangelikaler Missionen e.V. August 9, 2017. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
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  16. ^ "'The Equivalent of Cultural Genocide'". Der Spiegel. November 28, 2019. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2021.
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  19. ^ Gan, Nectar (July 2, 2019). "China calls Xinjiang camps training centres, but government's own documents say otherwise, researcher finds". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  20. ^ Wen, Philip; Duo, Eva (February 17, 2020). "Document Shows Chinese Officials' Calculations in Waging Xinjiang Campaign". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  21. ^ Waters, Nick (April 5, 2019). "Are Historic Mosques In Xinjiang Being Destroyed?". Bellingcat. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  22. ^ "ウイグル絶望収容所の収監者数は89万人以上". Newsweek日本版 (in Japanese). March 13, 2018. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  23. ^ "Where did the one million figure for detentions in Xinjiang's camps come from? | Merics". merics.org. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  24. ^ a b deHahn, Patrick. "More than 1 million Muslims are detained in China—but how did we get that number?". Quartz. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  25. ^ Hoshur, Shohret. "Nearly Half of Uyghurs in Xinjiang's Hotan Targeted For Re-Education Camps". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  26. ^ Hoshur, Shohret. "Xinjiang Authorities Up Detentions in Uyghur Majority Areas of Ghulja City". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  27. ^ Nebehay, Stephanie (August 10, 2018). "U.N. says it has credible reports that China holds million Uighurs in secret camps". Reuters. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
  28. ^ Zenz, Adrian. "Brainwashing, Police Guards and Coercive Internment: Evidence from Chinese Government Documents about the Nature and Extent of Xinjiang's "Vocational Training Internment Camps"". Journal of Political Risk. 7 (7). Archived from the original on August 3, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
  29. ^ Lipes, Joshua (November 12, 2019). "Expert Estimates China Has More Than 1,000 Internment Camps For Xinjiang Uyghurs". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on December 21, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
  30. ^ Zenz, Adrian (July 1, 2020). "China's Own Documents Show Potentially Genocidal Sterilization Plans in Xinjiang". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on March 29, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  31. ^ a b "China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization". Associated Press. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  32. ^ a b "China forcibly sterilising Uighur women in campaign to control population, new report says". SBS News. June 30, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  33. ^ a b Zenz, Adrian (June 2020). "Sterilizations, Forced Abortions, and Mandatory Birth Control" (PDF). Jamestown Foundation. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
  34. ^ "Sterilizations, IUDs, and Coercive Birth Prevention: The CCP's Campaign to Suppress Uyghur Birth Rates in Xinjiang - Jamestown". Archived from the original on September 2, 2020.
  35. ^ "China 'using birth control' to suppress Uighurs". BBC News. June 29, 2020. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  36. ^ Zenz, Adrian (August 24, 2021). "'End the dominance of the Uyghur ethnic group': an analysis of Beijing's population optimization strategy in southern Xinjiang". Central Asian Survey. 40 (3): 291–312. doi:10.1080/02634937.2021.1946483. ISSN 0263-4937. SSRN 3862512.
  37. ^ "New studies show the depths of the unfolding Uyghur catastrophe". The Washington Post. June 14, 2021. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  38. ^ Zenz, Adrian (September 22, 2020). "Xinjiang's System of Militarized Vocational Training Comes to Tibet". China Brief. 20 (17). The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  39. ^ a b c Cadell, Cate (September 22, 2020). "Exclusive: China sharply expands mass labor program in Tibet". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  40. ^ a b c "China 'coercing Tibetans into mass labour camps'". BBC News. September 23, 2020. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  41. ^ a b c Davidson, Helen (September 22, 2020). "Report charts China's expansion of mass labour programme in Tibet". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  42. ^ Zenz, Adrian; Sias, Marlon L. (November 2012). Worthy to Escape: Why All Believers Will Not Be Raptured Before the Tribulation. WestBow Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-1-4497-6906-2. The deceptive leopard-like power of the Antichrist is the prevailing spirit of the age, the world's dominant philosophy, and it is already becoming quite obvious what that will be: postmodern relativism and tolerance thinking. [...] Rising numbers of countries are banning all forms of physical punishments of children [...] But true scriptural spanking is loving discipline and not violence, and neglecting the wisdom of the church makes the church increasingly vulnerable to the schemes of the enemy. Another important God-given authority structure that Satan is attacking through the postmodern spirit is that of gender authority structures [...] Through notions of gender equality [...] the enemy is undermining God's unique but different role assignments for men and women.
  43. ^ a b "Where did the one million figure for detentions in Xinjiang's camps come from? | Merics". merics.org. Archived from the original on September 29, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  44. ^ a b Dou, Eva (March 10, 2021). "Academic faces Chinese lawsuit for exposing human rights abuses in Xinjiang". Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
  45. ^ a b c d e Vanderklippe, Nathan (March 9, 2021). "Lawsuit against Xinjiang researcher marks new effort to silence critics of China's treatment of Uyghurs". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on March 11, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  46. ^ a b c Saric, Ivana; Basu, Zachary (March 22, 2021). "U.S., U.K., EU and Canada sanction Chinese officials over Uyghur abuses". Axios. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
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  52. ^ Guenfoud, Ibtissem; Davies, Guy (March 7, 2021). "Uighur woman living in France speaks out about alleged Chinese 're-education' camp horrors". ABC News. Archived from the original on March 30, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  53. ^ Chan, John (March 22, 2021). "E.U. and Allies Sanction PRC Officials for Xinjiang Abuses; China Retaliates Against Politicians, Diplomats, Academics". China Digital Times. Archived from the original on April 8, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  54. ^ Cheung, Rachel; Wilhelm, Benjamin (March 31, 2021). "China Lashes Out to Silence Its Xinjiang Critics". World Politics Review. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021. The Chinese government has long denied any human rights abuses in Xinjiang province, even as an increasing number of reports shed light on its brutal repression of mostly Muslim Uyghurs there. But in the face of mounting international pressure and now sanctions, Beijing is going on the offensive to silence critics of all stripes.
  55. ^ Mai, Jun; Lew, Linda (April 12, 2021). "Xinjiang court to hear defamation case against German researcher Adrian Zenz over forced labour claims". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  56. ^ Emmott, Robin; Brunnstromm, David (March 22, 2021). "West sanctions China over Xinjiang abuses, Beijing hits back at EU". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  57. ^ a b c Cook, Lorne (March 22, 2021). "EU, US, UK, Canada target China officials over Uyghur abuses". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  58. ^ Fischer, Andrew Martin (2013). The Disempowered Development of Tibet in China: A Study in the Economics of Marginalization. Studies in Modern Tibetan Culture. Lexington Books. p. 287 n. 22 and 23. ISBN 9780739134399. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
  59. ^ Fischer, Andrew M. (2014). "Reviewed Work(s): 'Tibetanness' under Threat? Neo-integrationism, Minority Education and Career Strategies in Qinghai, P.R. China by Adrian Zenz". The China Quarterly. 219: 886–888. doi:10.1017/S0305741014000927. JSTOR 24740656. S2CID 154326730. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  60. ^ a b c Barnett, Robert (March 29, 2021). "China's Policies in Its Far West: The Claim of Tibet-Xinjiang Equivalence". Asia Unbound. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on March 30, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2021.

External links

Library resources
By Adrian Zenz
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Zenz&diff=1089546147&oldid=1089545359