| Enterococcus raffinosus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Lactobacillales |
| Family: | Enterococcaceae |
| Genus: | Enterococcus |
| Species: | E. raffinosus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Enterococcus raffinosus Collins et al. 1989
| |
Enterococcus raffinosus is a bacterial species of the Gram-positive genus Enterococcus, named for its facultative anaerobic metabolism, including the ability to ferment the trisaccharide raffinose.[1] This mesophilic microaerophile has optimal growth at 37°C in Columbia Blood Medium (agar mixture of trypticase soy and brain heart infusion).[2] It has an ovoid morphology categorized as coccal with arrangement singly, in pairs, or short chains.[1]
According to analytical profile index results, this non-motile microbe is negative for urease and catalase but positive for Voges–Proskauer and pyrrolidonyl arylamidase. It hydrolyzes aesculin but not hippuric acid or starch. It lacks arginine deiminase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase.[2]
Enterococcus raffinosus has been identified as a pathogen in Homo sapiens and Felis catus with vancomycin-resistant strains (VRE) involved in hospital-acquired infections that cause Crohn's disease.[3][4] Additionally, this species uses Camelus dromedarius and Helix pomatia as hosts.[5]
Sequencing of the CX012922 strain show genes divided between a 2.83 Mb circular genome for virulence factors like ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and a 0.98 Mb circular megaplasmid for substrate utilization enzymes like raffinose permease.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Collins, Matthew D.; Facklam, Richard R.; Farrow, John A.E.; Williamson, Russel (February 1989). "Enterococcus raffinosus sp. nov., Enterococcus solitarius sp. nov. and Enterococcus pseudoavium sp. nov". Oxford Academic. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 57 (3). Oxford University Press: 283–288. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03350.x. PMID 2721919. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ^ a b Podstawka, Adam. "Enterococcus raffinosus 1789/79 | Type strain | DSM 5633, ATCC 49427, NCTC 12192, CCUG 29292, CIP 103329, LMG 12888, JCM 8733, NBRC 100492, CCM 4216, CDC 1789-79, NCAIM B.02061, NCIMB 12901, VTT E-97812 | BacDiveID:5326". bacdive.dsmz.de. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ^ Shaw, Liam P.; Wang, Alethea D.; Dylus, David; Meier, Magda; Pogacnik, Grega; Dessimoz, Christophe; Balloux, François (10 May 2020). "The phylogenetic range of bacterial and viral pathogens of vertebrates". Molecular Ecology. 29 (17). Wiley-Blackwell: 3361–3379. doi:10.1111/mec.15463. PMID 32390272. S2CID 196687946.
- ^ a b Zhao, Hailan; Peng, Yao; Cai, Xunchao; Zhou, Yongjian; Zhou, Youlian; Huang, Hongli; Xu, Long; Nie, Yuqiang (2021-12-07). "Genome insights of Enterococcus raffinosus CX012922, isolated from the feces of a Crohn's disease patient". Gut Pathogens. 13 (1): 71. doi:10.1186/s13099-021-00468-8. ISSN 1757-4749. PMC 8650288. PMID 34876224.
- ^ Wardeh, Maya; Risley, Claire; McIntyre, Marie Kirsty; Setzkorn, Christian; Baylis, Matthew (2015-09-15). "Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution". Scientific Data. 2 (1): 150049. doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.49. ISSN 2052-4463. PMC 4570150. PMID 26401317. S2CID 28547532.
Further reading[edit]
- Epidemiology of Enterococcus: Fisher, K.; Phillips, C. (2009). "The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus". Microbiology. 155 (6): 1749–1757. doi:10.1099/mic.0.026385-0. ISSN 1350-0872. PMID 19383684.
- Wilke WW, Marshall SA, Coffman SL, Pfaller MA, Edmund MB, Wenzel RP, et al. (1997). "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus raffinosus: molecular epidemiology, species identification error, and frequency of occurrence in a national resistance surveillance program". Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 29 (1): 43–9. doi:10.1016/s0732-8893(97)00059-x. PMID 9350415.
- Savini, V.; Manna, A.; D'Antonio, F.; Talia, M.; Catavitello, C.; Balbinot, A.; Febbo, F.; Carlino, D.; Fioritoni, F.; Di Bonaventura, G.; D'Antonio, D. (2008). "First report of vaginal infection caused by Enterococcus raffinosus". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 57 (5): 672–673. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47773-0. ISSN 0022-2615. PMID 18436605.
