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Risk class Country Bank Total blocked or
banned
COI, UPE, or
checkuser blocked editors
Other blocked socks Selected socks Selected sock farms
4  US JP Morgan Chase 84 11 20 Anandmoorti
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
LivinRealGüd
JayJasper
MP1440
Rock5410
VentureKit
3  US Bank of America 125 21 28 Anandmoorti
Coffeedrinker115
Cyberfan195
LivinRealGüd
WikiDon
JayJasper
MP1440
VentureKit
Wikiwriter700
Yoodaba
3  US Citigroup 88 12 28 Anandmoorti
Coffeedrinker115
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
Pig de Wig
JayJasper
MP1440
Rock5410
VentureKit
Wikiwriter700
3  UK HSBC 72 12 21 Anandmoorti
Coffeedrinker115
Kkm010
WikiDon
GoldDragon
JayJasper
VentureKit
Yoodaba
2  CHN Bank of China 32 2 11 Kkm010
Russavia
Yoodaba
2  UK Barclays 63 7 9 Coffeedrinker115
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
Rock5410
2  FRA BNP Paribas 38 8 9 Avaya1
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
JayJasper
Yoodaba
2  DEU Deutsche Bank 65 21 17 Cyberfan195
CLCStudent
Kkm010
LivinRealGüd
Excel23
MP1440
VentureKit
Wikiwriter700
Yoodaba
2  US Goldman Sachs 108 28 27 Cyberfan195
CLCStudent
Glaewnis
Kkm010
LivinRealGüd
Russavia
AlexLevyOne
JayJasper
MP1440
VentureKit
Wikiwriter700
Yoodaba
2  CHN Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 27 3 10 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
Russavia
Yoodaba
2  JPN Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group 16 1 2 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
1  CHN Agricultural Bank of China 26 1 11 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
Russavia
1  US BNY Mellon 20 5 3 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
JayJasper
1  CHN China Construction Bank 19 0 6 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
JayJasper
1   CH Credit Suisse 30 6 5 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
LivinRealGüd
MP1440
1  FRA Groupe BPCE 3 0 1 Bitholov
1  FRA Crédit Agricole 13 0 2 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
1  NLD ING 38 4 22 Anandmoorti
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
Rock5410
VentureKit
1  JPN Mizuho Financial Group 17 2 4 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
1  US Morgan Stanley 44 8 12 CLCStudent
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
LivinRealGüd
MP1440
VentureKit
Wikiwriter700
Yoodaba
1  CAN Royal Bank of Canada 28 6 9 Cyberfan195
Eostrix
Torontopedia
GoldDragon
Yoodaba
1  ESP Banco Santander 36 7 10 CLCStudent
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
VentureKit
1  FRA Société Générale 32 6 8 Cyberfan195
Glaewnis
Kkm010
MP1440
1  UK Standard Chartered 31 5 5 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
Rock5410
VentureKit
1  US State Street 20 3 2 Cyberfan195
LivinRealGüd
Pig de Wig
VentureKit
Yoodaba
1  JPN Sumitomo Mitsui 12 3 1 Cyberfan195
1  CAN Toronto-Dominion Bank 32 8 4 Cyberfan195 Excel23
MP1440
1   CH UBS 51 9 10 Cyberfan195
Kkm010
LivinRealGüd
JayJasper
John254
1  ITA UniCredit 14 0 3 Cyberfan195
1  US Wells Fargo 76 11 26 CLCStudent
Cyberfan195
Kkm010
LivinRealGüd
Pig de Wig
Excel23
JayJasper
MP1440
Rock5410
Yoodaba

Conclusions

The table shows a range of sock puppet editing among these articles on systemically important banks. Some banks such as the French banks Groupe BPCE and Crédit Agricole, Italy's UniCredit, and the China Construction Bank show no sock puppeting by the most likely paid editing socks. On the other hand, three banks, America's Goldman Sachs, the Bank of America, and Germany's Deutsche Bank, have had over 20 socks of this type editing their articles. In general, with some exceptions, American banks have had the most edits by the most likely paid editing socks. Chinese and Japanese banks, along with the above French and Italian banks have the fewest socks of this type editing the articles about them. The two Swiss banks in the news, Credit Suisse and UBS, are in the broad middle ground with only six and nine socks of this type editing the articles about them.

The articles on banks in the highest two risk classes tend to have higher indications of socking than other classes and the articles about the lowest risk class have the lowest indications of socking, with the possible exception of Wells Fargo.

The seventh column shows a selected group of editors who have edited the articles and been blocked for socking. Glaewnis – whose block summary reads "UPE – appeal is only to the Arbitration Committee" has edited two of these articles. Kkm010 who edited several articles on the Adani group, edited at least 23 of these articles. Several other now blocked socks edited multiple articles in this list.

Perhaps the most interesting column in the table is the final one showing the sock farms who edited multiple articles. The Yoodaba sock farm edited at least 11 of these articles. They are known for editing business articles, especially finance articles, as well as political articles. The JayJasper and VentureKit sock farms edited almost as many.

We remind our readers that no examination based purely on Wikipedia's edit history can prove or disprove whether an editor has been paid to edit articles. Nevertheless, we can say that we have little or no reason to suspect those twelve banks which have fewer than five editors listed in column 5 of paying for Wikipedia editing. Similarly, we might say that the three banks with more than twenty editors listed in column 5 are the most likely among these thirty banks to have paid for Wikipedia editing.

None of this evidence can be taken as final proof of any rules being broken, but there certainly is some interesting evidence.




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