Mariajuana Smoking in Panama is the title of a 1933 report created by United States Army Medical Corps Colonel Joseph Franklin Siler (J.F. Siler) for the Commanding General of the Army's Panama Canal Department concerning cannabis (marijuana) use by U.S. military members. Use at that time in the Panama Canal Zone, then a U.S. territory, was a concern for military discipline and health.
The report has been called "one of the earliest semi-experimental studies" of cannabis.[1] The report on Siler's research, going back to 1925,[2] found that cannabis was "not habit forming in the same way as opiates and cocaine" and military delinquencies due to its use were "negligible in number" compared to alcohol.[3]
Citations[edit]
By other reports and research[edit]
The 1933 report has been cited by other reports and research including the Surgeon General's 1988 Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction,[4] the Department of Health, Education and Welfare's 1972 report to Congress,[5] Licit and Illicit Drugs by Consumers Union (1972),[6] medical studies on human appetite,[7] and others.
By legal defenses[edit]
In 1964, Lowell Eggemeier's legal defense cited the 1933 government report, in the nation's first protest against what was called irrational drug control policy.[8][9]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Madras & Kuhar 2013, p. 428.
- ^ Booth 2005, p. 160.
- ^ Swartz 2012, p. 82.
- ^ Koop 1988, p. 368.
- ^ Health, Education, and Welfare 1972.
- ^ Licit and Illicit Drugs chapter 60, via Schaffer Library of Drug Policy
- ^ Greenberg 1976.
- ^ 50th Anniversary of First Pot Protest, California NORML, August 16, 2014
- ^ Dufton 2017, p. 18.
Sources[edit]
- Swartz, James (2012). Substance Abuse in America: A Documentary and Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35376-5. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
- Madras, B.; Kuhar, M. (2013). The Effects of Drug Abuse on the Human Nervous System. Elsevier Science. ISBN 978-0-12-418685-9.
- Dufton, Emily (2017). Grass Roots: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Marijuana in America. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-09617-6.
- Koop, C. Everett, ed. (1988), "Tobacco use compared to other dependencies", Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction, United States Department of Health and Human Services, ISBN 9780788123146
- Booth, M. (2005). Cannabis: A History. Picador. ISBN 978-0-312-42494-7.
- Greenberg, I.; et al. (J. Kuehnle, J.H. Mendelson) (1976), "Effects of Marihuana Use on Body Weight and Caloric Intake in Humans", Psychopharmacology, 49 (79), Springer-Verlag: 79–84, doi:10.1007/BF00427475, ISSN 0033-3158, PMID 822452, S2CID 1662989
- Marihuana and Health: Second Annual Report to Congress from the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, U.S. Government Printing Office, May 1972, p. 128
Further reading[edit]
- J.F. Siler; et al. (July–December 1933), "Mariajuana Smoking in Panama", The Military Surgeon, vol. 73 – via Schaffer Library of Drug Policy (online)