Desmond is a software package developed at D. E. Shaw Research to perform high-speed molecular dynamics simulations of biological systems on conventional computer clusters.[1][2][3][4] The code uses novel parallel algorithms[5] and numerical methods[6] to achieve high performance on platforms containing multiple processors,[7] but may also be executed on a single computer.
The core and source code are available at no cost for non-commercial use by universities and other not-for-profit research institutions, and have been used in the Folding@home distributed computing project. Desmond is available as commercial software through Schrödinger, Inc.
Molecular dynamics program[edit]
Desmond supports algorithms typically used to perform fast and accurate molecular dynamics. Long-range electrostatic energy and forces can be calculated using particle mesh Ewald-based methods.[8][9] Constraints can be enforced using the M-SHAKE algorithm. These methods can be used together with time-scale splitting (RESPA-based) integration schemes.
Desmond can compute energies and forces[10] for many standard fixed-charged force fields used in biomolecular simulations, and is also compatible with polarizable force fields based on the Drude formalism. A variety of integrators and support for various ensembles have been implemented in the code, including methods for temperature control (Andersen, Nosé-Hoover, and Langevin) and pressure control (Berendsen, Martyna-Tobias-Klein, and Langevin). The code also supports methods for restraining atomic positions and molecular configurations; allows simulations to be carried out using a variety of periodic cell configurations; and has facilities for accurate checkpointing and restart.
Desmond can also be used to perform absolute and relative free energy calculations (e.g., free energy perturbation). Other simulation methods (such as replica exchange) are supported through a plug-in-based infrastructure, which also allows users to develop their own simulation algorithms and models.
Desmond is also available in a graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated version that is about 60-80 times faster than the central processing unit (CPU) version.
Related software tools[edit]
Along with the molecular dynamics program, the Desmond software also includes tools for minimizing and energy analysis, both of which can be run efficiently in a parallel environment.
Force fields parameters can be assigned using a template-based parameter assignment tool called Viparr. It currently supports several versions of the CHARMM, Amber and OPLS force fields, and a range of different water models.
Desmond is integrated with a molecular modeling environment (Maestro, developed by Schrödinger, Inc.) for setting up simulations of biological and chemical systems, and is compatible with Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) for trajectory viewing and analysis.
See also[edit]
- D. E. Shaw Research
- Folding@home
- Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling
- Metadynamics
- Molecular design software
- Molecular dynamics
References[edit]
- ^ Bowers, Kevin J.; Chow, Edmond; Xu, Huafeng; Dror, Ron O.; Eastwood, Michael P.; Gregersen, Brent A.; Klepeis, John L.; Kolossvary, Istvan; Moraes, Mark A.; Sacerdoti, Federico D.; Salmon, John K.; Shan, Yibing; Shaw, David E. (2006). "Scalable Algorithms for Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Commodity Clusters" (PDF). ACM/IEEE SC 2006 Conference (SC'06). p. 43. doi:10.1109/SC.2006.54. ISBN 978-0-7695-2700-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^ Jensen, M. O.; Borhani, D. W.; Lindorff-Larsen, K.; Maragakis, P.; Jogini, V.; Eastwood, M. P.; Dror, R. O.; Shaw, D. E. (2010). "Principles of conduction and hydrophobic gating in K+ channels". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (13): 5833–5838. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5833J. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911691107. PMC 2851896. PMID 20231479.
- ^ Dror, R. O.; Arlow, D. H.; Borhani, D. W.; Jensen, M. O.; Piana, S.; Shaw, D. E. (2009). "Identification of two distinct inactive conformations of the 2-adrenergic receptor reconciles structural and biochemical observations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (12): 4689–4694. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.4689D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811065106. PMC 2650503. PMID 19258456.
- ^ Shan, Y.; Seeliger, M. A.; Eastwood, M. P.; Frank, F.; Xu, H.; Jensen, M. O.; Dror, R. O.; Kuriyan, J.; Shaw, D. E. (2009). "A conserved protonation-dependent switch controls drug binding in the Abl kinase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (1): 139–144. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106..139S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811223106. PMC 2610013. PMID 19109437.
- ^ Bowers, Kevin J.; Dror, Ron O.; Shaw, David E. (2006). "The midpoint method for parallelization of particle simulations". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 124 (18): 184109. Bibcode:2006JChPh.124r4109B. doi:10.1063/1.2191489. PMID 16709099.
- ^ Lippert, Ross A.; Bowers, Kevin J.; Dror, Ron O.; Eastwood, Michael P.; Gregersen, Brent A.; Klepeis, John L.; Kolossvary, Istvan; Shaw, David E. (2007). "A common, avoidable source of error in molecular dynamics integrators". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 126 (4): 046101. Bibcode:2007JChPh.126d6101L. doi:10.1063/1.2431176. PMID 17286520. S2CID 38661350.
- ^
Edmond Chow; Charles A. Rendleman; Kevin J. Bowers; Ron O. Dror; Douglas H. Hughes; Justin Gullingsrud; Federico D. Sacerdoti; David E. Shaw (July 2008). "Desmond Performance on a Cluster of Multicore Processors". D. E. Shaw Research Technical Report DESRES/TR--2008-01.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Bowers, K.J.; Lippert, R.A.; Dror, R.O.; Shaw, D.E. (2010). "Improved Twiddle Access for Fast Fourier Transforms". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 58 (3): 1122–1130. Bibcode:2010ITSP...58.1122B. doi:10.1109/TSP.2009.2035984. S2CID 17240443.
- ^ Shan, Yibing; Klepeis, John L.; Eastwood, Michael P.; Dror, Ron O.; Shaw, David E. (2005). "Gaussian split Ewald: A fast Ewald mesh method for molecular simulation". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (5): 054101. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122e4101S. doi:10.1063/1.1839571. PMID 15740304. S2CID 35865319.
- ^ Lindorff-Larsen, Kresten; Piana, Stefano; Palmo, Kim; Maragakis, Paul; Klepeis, John L.; Dror, Ron O.; Shaw, David E. (2010). "Improved side-chain torsion potentials for the Amber ff99SB protein force field". Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics. 78 (8): 1950–8. doi:10.1002/prot.22711. PMC 2970904. PMID 20408171.