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Changing short description from "Egyptian Muslim polymath (1445–1505)" to "Egyptian Islamic scholar (1445–1505)"
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| nisba = al-Suyūṭī, al-Khuḍayrī, al-Shāfi‘ī}}
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'''Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti''' ({{lang-ar|جلال الدين السيوطي|Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī}}) ({{circa}} 1445–1505 CE),<ref name="Myr18">{{cite journal |title=Women and Men in al-Suyūṭī's Guides to Sex and Marriage |last=Myrne |first=Pernilla |date=2018 |publisher=The Middle East Documentation Center (MEDOC) at the University of Chicago |issn=1947-2404 |doi=10.25846/26hn-gp87 |pages=47–67 |journal=Mamlūk Studies Review |volume=XXI |url=https://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/1253?ln=en}}</ref>{{efn|({{lang-ar|جلال الدين عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر بن محمد الخضيري السيوطي}}; {{transl|ar|''Abū al-Faḍl ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr ibn Muḥammad Jalāl al-Dīn al-Khuḍayrī al-Suyūṭī''}} ([[Brill Publications|Brill]] 2nd)}} or '''Al-Suyuti''', was an [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] polymath, Islamic scholar, historian, [[Sufism|Sufi]], and jurist. From a family of [[Persians|Persian]] origin,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meri|first1=Josef W.|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia|date=January 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-96691-7|page=784|quote=The family of al-Suyuti, of Persian origin, settled during the Mamluk period in Asyut, in Upper Egypt (from where they derive their name).}}</ref> he was described as one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages. His [[biographical dictionary]] ''Bughyat al-Wuʻāh fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyīn wa-al-Nuḥāh'' contains valuable accounts of prominent figures in the early development of Arabic philology. He was appointed to a chair in the mosque of [[Baibars|Baybars]] in [[Cairo]] in 1486, and was an authority of the [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]] school of thought (''[[madhhab]]'').
'''Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti''' ({{lang-ar|جلال الدين السيوطي|Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī}}) ({{circa}} 1445–1505 CE),<ref name="Myr18">{{cite journal |title=Women and Men in al-Suyūṭī's Guides to Sex and Marriage |last=Myrne |first=Pernilla |date=2018 |publisher=The Middle East Documentation Center (MEDOC) at the University of Chicago |issn=1947-2404 |doi=10.25846/26hn-gp87 |pages=47–67 |journal=Mamlūk Studies Review |volume=XXI |url=https://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/1253?ln=en}}</ref>{{efn|({{lang-ar|جلال الدين عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر بن محمد الخضيري السيوطي}}; {{transl|ar|''Abū al-Faḍl ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr ibn Muḥammad Jalāl al-Dīn al-Khuḍayrī al-Suyūṭī''}} ([[Brill Publications|Brill]] 2nd)}} or '''Al-Suyuti''', was an Arab [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] polymath, Islamic scholar, historian, [[Sufism|Sufi]], and jurist. From a family of [[Persians|Persian]] origin,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meri|first1=Josef W.|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia|date=January 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-96691-7|page=784|quote=The family of al-Suyuti, of Persian origin, settled during the Mamluk period in Asyut, in Upper Egypt (from where they derive their name).}}</ref> he was described as one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages. His [[biographical dictionary]] ''Bughyat al-Wuʻāh fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyīn wa-al-Nuḥāh'' contains valuable accounts of prominent figures in the early development of Arabic philology. He was appointed to a chair in the mosque of [[Baibars|Baybars]] in [[Cairo]] in 1486, and was an authority of the [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]] school of thought (''[[madhhab]]'').


== Biography ==
== Biography ==

Revision as of 11:54, 26 October 2022

Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti
جلال الدين السيوطي
Personal
Born3 October 1445 CE / 1 Rajab 849 AH
Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate
Died18 October 1505 CE / 19 Jumadi Ula 911 AH
Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate
ReligionIslam
RegionEgypt
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i[3][4]
CreedAsh'ari[1][2]
Main interest(s)Tafsir, Sharia, Fiqh, Hadith, Quran, Usul al-Fiqh, History, Aqidah
Notable work(s)Tafsir al-Jalalayn Tarikh Al Khulafa Khasais Kubra Khasais Sughra Mazhar Jami al Kabir Jami Al Saghir
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced
Arabic name
Personal (Ism)‘Abd al-Raḥmān
Patronymic (Nasab)ibn Abī Bakr ibn Muḥammad
Teknonymic (Kunya)Abū al-Faḍl
Epithet (Laqab)Jalāl al-Dīn
Toponymic (Nisba)al-Suyūṭī, al-Khuḍayrī, al-Shāfi‘ī

Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (Arabic: جلال الدين السيوطي, romanized: Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī) (c. 1445–1505 CE),[6][a] or Al-Suyuti, was an Arab Egyptian polymath, Islamic scholar, historian, Sufi, and jurist. From a family of Persian origin,[7] he was described as one of the most prolific writers of the Middle Ages. His biographical dictionary Bughyat al-Wuʻāh fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyīn wa-al-Nuḥāh contains valuable accounts of prominent figures in the early development of Arabic philology. He was appointed to a chair in the mosque of Baybars in Cairo in 1486, and was an authority of the Shafi'i school of thought (madhhab).

Biography

Al-Suyuti was born on 3 October 1445 AD (1 Rajab 849 AH) in Cairo, Egypt.[8][9] He hailed from a Persian family on his paternal side. His mother was Circassian.[10] According to al-Suyuti his ancestors came from al-Khudayriyya in Baghdad.[8] His family moved to Asyut in Mamluk Egypt, hence the nisba "Al-Suyuti".[9][11] His father taught Shafi'i law at the Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu in Cairo, but died when al-Suyuti was 5 or 6 years old.[11][12]

Al-Suyuti's studies included: Shafi'i and Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh), traditions (hadith), exegesis (tafsir), theology, history, rhetoric, philosophy, philology,[11] arithmetic, timekeeping (miqat) and medicine. He started teaching Shafi'i jurisprudence at the age of 18, at the same mosque as his father did. In 1486, Sultan Qaitbay appointed him shaykh at the Khanqah of Baybars II, a Sufi lodge.[12] He was a Sufi of the Shadhili order.[9]

Al-Suyuti was named the mujaddid of the 9th century AH and he claimed to be a mujtahid (an authority on source interpretation who gives legal statements on jurisprudence, hadith studies, and Arabic language). This caused friction with scholars and ruling officials, and after a quarrel over the finances of the Sufi lodge, he retreated to the island of Rawda in 1501. Al-Suyuti died on 18 October 1505.[9][12]

Works

The Dalil Makhtutat al-Suyuti ("Directory of al-Suyuti's Manuscripts") states that al-Suyuti wrote works on over 700 subjects,[11] while a 1995 survey put the figure between 500[10] and 981. However, these include short pamphlets, and legal opinions.[9]

He wrote his first book, Sharh Al-Isti'aadha wal-Basmalah, in 866 AH, at the age of seventeen.[citation needed]

Ibn al-ʿImād writes: "Most of his works become world famous in his lifetime." Renowned as a prolific writer, his student Dawudi said: "I was with the Shaykh Suyuti once, and he wrote three volumes on that day. He could dictate annotations on ĥadīth, and answer my objections at the same time. In his time he was the foremost scholar of the ĥadīth and associated sciences, of the narrators including the uncommon ones, the hadith matn (text), isnad (chain of narrators), the derivation of hadith rulings. He has himself told me, that he had memorized one hundred thousand hadith."[13][14][unreliable source?]

In Ḥusn al-Muḥaḍarah al-Suyuti lists 283 of his works on subjects from religion to medicine. As with Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi in his medicinal works, he writes almost exclusively on prophetic medicine, rather than the Islamic-Greek synthesis of medicinal tradition found in the works of Al-Dhahabi. He focuses on diet and natural remedies for serious ailments such as rabies and smallpox, and for simple conditions such as headaches and nosebleeds, and mentions the cosmology behind the principles of medical ethics.[15]

Al-Suyuti also wrote a number of Islamic sexual education manuscripts that represent major works in the genre, which began in the 10th-century in Baghdad. The most significant of these works is Al-Wishāḥ fī Fawāʾid al-Nikāḥ ("The Sash on the Merits of Wedlock"),[6] but other examples of such manuscripts include Shaqāʾiq al-Utrunj fī Raqāʾiq al-Ghunj, Nawāḍir al-Ayk fī Maʻrifat al-Nayk and Nuzhat al-Mutaʾammil.[16]

Major works

Shrine for Galal El-Dean al-Seyoti in Asiut

[19]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ (Arabic: جلال الدين عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر بن محمد الخضيري السيوطي; Abū al-Faḍl ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr ibn Muḥammad Jalāl al-Dīn al-Khuḍayrī al-Suyūṭī (Brill 2nd)

Bibliography

  1. ^ Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. pp. 99, 179. ISBN 978-1438453712.
  2. ^ In Masalik al-Hunafa' fi Walidayy al-Mustafa, he says: "The Prophet's parents died before he was sent as a Prophet and there is no punishment for them, since (We never punish until We send a messenger (whom they reject)( (17:15 ). Our Ash`ari Imams among those in kalam, usul, and fiqh agree on the statement that one who dies while da`wa has not reached him, dies saved. This has been defined by Imam al-Shafi`i.. . . Some of the fuqaha' explained that the reason is, such a person follows fitra or Primordial Disposition, and has not stubbornly refused nor rejected any Messenger"
  3. ^ Barakat, E. R., & Haneef, M. A. (2006). "Must Money Be Limited to Only Gold and Silver?: A Survey of Fiqhi Opinions and Some Implications". Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, 19(1).
  4. ^ Sookhdeo, Patrick. "Issues of interpreting the Koran and Hadith." Connections 5.3 (2006): 57-82.
  5. ^ Ali, Mufti. "Aristotelianisme Dalam Kacamata Para Tokoh Abad Tengah Penentang Logika." Al Qalam 24.3 (2007): 318-339.
  6. ^ a b Myrne, Pernilla (2018). "Women and Men in al-Suyūṭī's Guides to Sex and Marriage". Mamlūk Studies Review. XXI. The Middle East Documentation Center (MEDOC) at the University of Chicago: 47–67. doi:10.25846/26hn-gp87. ISSN 1947-2404.
  7. ^ Meri, Josef W. (January 2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization, Volume 1 An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 784. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. The family of al-Suyuti, of Persian origin, settled during the Mamluk period in Asyut, in Upper Egypt (from where they derive their name).
  8. ^ a b Geoffroy, E. (1960–2007). "al-Suyūṭī". In P. Bearman (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). ISBN 9789004161214.
  9. ^ a b c d e Meri, Josef W., ed. (2005). "Suyuti, Al-, 'Abd al-Rahman". Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 784–786. ISBN 978-1-135-45603-0.
  10. ^ a b Irwin, R. (1998). Julie Scott Meisami; Paul Starkey (eds.). Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Taylor & Francis. p. 746. ISBN 978-0-415-18572-1.
  11. ^ a b c d e Oliver Leaman, ed. (2006). "Al-Suyuti". The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 618–920. ISBN 978-0-415-32639-1.
  12. ^ a b c Dhanani, Alnoor (2007). "Suyūṭī: Abū al‐Faḍl ʿAbd al‐Raḥmān Jalāl al‐Dīn al‐Suyūṭī". In Thomas Hockey (ed.). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 1112–3. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0.
  13. ^ Al-Kawākib as-Sāyirah 1/228[verification needed]
  14. ^ Hasan, Abu, Imām Jalāluddin Suyūţi - Biography and Works (PDF), www.sunniport.com, pp. 6–7, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04, retrieved 2016-01-04
  15. ^ Emilie Savage-Smith, "Medicine." Taken from Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences, pg. 928. Ed. Roshdi Rasheed. London: Routledge, 1996. ISBN 0415124123
  16. ^ Ghersetti, Antonella, ed. (2016). Al-Suyūṭī, a Polymath of the Mamlūk Period: Proceedings of the Themed Day of the First Conference of the School of Mamlūk Studies (Ca' Foscari University, Venice, June 23, 2014). Leiden. ISBN 9789004334502. OCLC 956351174.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^ "USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts". Web Archive. 2 January 2008. Archived from the original on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
  18. ^ James Mansfield Nichols, 'The Arabic Verses of Qasmūna bint Ismāʿil ibn Bagdālah', International Journal of Middle East Studies, 13 (1981), 155-58.
  19. ^ Ghaffari, Talib (7 January 2011). "Writings of Imam Jalaluddin al-Suyuti". Maktabah Mujaddidiyah. Retrieved 23 November 2013.

External links

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Suyuti&diff=prev&oldid=1118330363

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