Hemp in the U.S. state of Washington has emerged as an experimental crop in the 21st century.
Historical production[edit]
The U.S. Government reported no hemp production in Washington in 1890,[1] nor did the state government in 1914 or 1922.[2][3]
Related crops in Washington[edit]
Cannabis and Humulus lupulus are both members of the family Cannabaceae, and a number of similarities in the botany and human use of the two species have been noted.[4][a] Humulus lupulus produces hops, a crop grown in quantity west of the Cascades historically (especially the Snoqualmie and Puyallup River valleys) and is a major 21st century crop in the Yakima Valley.[b]
Prohibition and legalization[edit]
All cannabis was made illegal by the Washington State Legislature in 1923.[7] Although Washington voters legalized marijuana in 2012 with I-502, the initiative did not authorize hemp cultivation or sales.[8]
In accordance with the Federal 2014 Farm Bill, the state legislature created an Industrial Hemp Research Pilot (IHRP) in 2016 following passage of ESSB 6206 (codified as Revised Code of Washington Chapter 15.120), with regulation by the Washington State Department of Agriculture.[9] Industrial hemp is defined in Washington as cannabis with a THC concentration of 0.3 percent or less by dry weight.[10][c] Under the 2018 farm bill, the state's Department of Agriculture is recognized by the United States federal government as the regulator for industrial-scale non-experimental hemp production.
State law defines hemp-derived products containing less than 0.3% THC as "Cannabis Health and Beauty Aids".[11][12]
Following the 2018 United States farm bill, the state legislature passed SB 5276, and it was signed by the governor on April 26, 2019, establishing a full-scale agriculture program and allowing acquisition of crop seed without federal approval.[13] Revised Code of Washington chapter 15.140 was added as a result.[14]
First crops[edit]
The state's first post-Prohibition experimental hemp crop was planted at Moses Lake in 2017.[15][d] A total of 180 acres (73 ha) was planted statewide 2017.[16] The first crop on tribal land in the United States may have been planted by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation in 2017.[17]
See also[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ See subsection titled "The incredibly parallel histories of cannabis and its closest relative, humulus (hop)" in Small (2016)[5]
- ^ Washington leads national hop production, for instance 75% of national yield in 2015.[6]
- ^ The 0.3% THC definition is compatible with the Hemp Farming Act of 2018.
- ^ As noted by the lack of reports of pre-1923 hemp production, it may have been the state's first hemp crop ever.
References[edit]
- ^ Census 1890.
- ^ WSDA 1914.
- ^ WSDA 1922.
- ^ Harbison, Martha (November 15, 2012), "BeerSci: What's The Connection Between Hops And Marijuana? Because they sure look and smell alike.", Popular Science
- ^ Small 2016.
- ^ National Hop Report (PDF), United States Department of Agriculture, December 17, 2015, ISSN 2158-7825
- ^ Camden, Jim (April 20, 2017). "Marijuana making its way around circle from legal to illegal to legal". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
- ^ Marijuana FAQ, Washington Liquor and Cannabis Board
- ^ Industrial Hemp Research Pilot, March 28, 2018
- ^ RCW 15.120.010
- ^ RCW 69.50.575
- ^ "Meet the Female Entrepreneur Who Is One of the First to Secure a U.S. Cannabis Trademark". Leafly.com. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ^ Don Jenkins (April 29, 2019). "It's 'go time' for Washington hemp, advocate says – Inslee signs bill into law". Salem, Oregon: Capital Press – via The Daily Astorian.
- ^ Washington State Department of Agriculture Hemp Regulatory Plan, as submitted to United States Secretary of Agriculture by the director, packet dated November 20, 2019
- ^ Don Jenkins (June 6, 2017), "Moses Lake farm first in Washington to plant hemp", The Capital Press, Salem, Oregon
- ^ Don Jenkins (March 30, 2018), "Washington resumes its hemp program", The Capital Press, Salem, Oregon
- ^ Samantha Wohlfeil (August 14, 2017), "Just for the Hemp of It", Inlander – via Washington Farm Bureau
Sources[edit]
- Small, Ernest (November 2016), "Prehuman and early history of Cannabis sativa", Cannabis: A Complete Guide, CRC Press, ISBN 978-1498761635, OCLC 971400059
- Report on the Statistics of Agriculture in the United States at the Eleventh Census, 1890, United States. Census Office, p. 65
- Biennial Report of the Department of Conservation and Development to the Governor, Washington State Department of Agriculture, 1914
- Biennial Report of the Department of Conservation and Development to the Governor, Washington State Department of Agriculture, 1922
Further reading[edit]
- Industrial Hemp: Opportunities and Challenges for Washington (PDF), Washington State University School of Economic Sciences, 2015
- Eiji Masuda (director), Dave Olson (producer, writer) (1997). The HempenRoad (Documentary film). (profiles Belltown Hempery, Fremont Hemp Company, and others)