"Chasing the dragon" (CTD) (traditional Chinese: 追龍; simplified Chinese: 追龙; pinyin: zhuī lóng; Jyutping: zeoi1 lung4), or "foily" in Australian English,[1] refers to inhaling the vapor of a powdered psychoactive drug off a heated sheet of aluminium foil. The moving vapor is chased after with a tube (often rolled foil) through which the user inhales.[2] The "chasing" occurs as the user gingerly keeps the liquid moving in order to keep it from overheating and burning up too quickly, on a heat conducting material such as aluminium foil.
Another use of the term "chasing the dragon" refers to the elusive pursuit of a high equal to the user's first in the use of a drug, which after acclimation is no longer achievable.[3] Used in this way, "chasing the dragon" can refer to any recreational drug administered by any means.
Etymology[edit]
Chasing the dragon is a slang phrase of Cantonese origin from Hong Kong. The Hong Kong film Chasing the Dragon is named from the origin of the etymology.[citation needed]
History[edit]
The practice of smoking low grade heroin via heating on tin-foil first originated in Hong Kong in the late 1950s, and thereafter spread to other parts of Southeast Asia during the 1960s, Western Europe during the late 1970s, and to the Indian sub-continent during the 1980s.[2] A report published in 1958 by the Government of Hong Kong stated that since syringes were difficult to obtain in the colony, local addicts bought street deals of crude heroin (often mixed with powdered barbiturates) weighing approximately 0.126 grams for HK$2 each, which was then vaporized on tin-foil while the consumer inhaled the rising smoke through a cardboard tube. The use of common materials for consumption of the drugs allowed the addict to quickly dispose of the evidence if they detected the police nearby, and also allowed them to forgo carrying incriminating objects on their person (such as pipes or syringes).[4]
Cultural aspects[edit]
Aluminum foil is considered to be low-quality drug paraphernalia.[by whom?] It is commonly associated with drug abuse.
Risks[edit]
It is always harmful to expose the lungs to any kind of smoke or heated vapor.[5] (See smoke inhalation.)
Drug overdose[edit]
A drug overdose caused by chasing the dragon is hard to predict because this technique does not deliver a standardized dosage. It is virtually impossible even for skilled users to know how much of the substance has been evaporated, burned, and inhaled. These combined factors may create a false sense of security when a given dose seems safe to repeat, but may cause an overdose when all the factors are randomly excluded.
A vaporizer is a safer drug paraphernalia than aluminum foil.
Lung cancer from natural talc[edit]
Talc is an excipient often used in pharmaceutical tablets. Also, illicit drugs that occur as white powder in their pure form are often cut with cheap talc. Natural talc is cheap but contains asbestos while asbestos-free talc is more expensive. Talc that has asbestos is generally accepted as being able to cause lung cancer if it is inhaled. The evidence about asbestos-free talc is less clear, according to the American Cancer Society.[6]
Talc can be avoided by dissolving the substance in water, filtering and discarding non-dissolving particles with a syringe, and evaporating the water of the dissolved substances.
Substance specific[edit]
Example Drugs Used[edit]
Drugs that are commonly inhaled this way include but are not limited to morphine, heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, opium, and ya ba (a pill containing caffeine and methamphetamine).
Heroin[edit]
Inhaling heroin appears to rarely lead to toxic leukoencephalopathy.[7][8] There are also documented cases of both severe acute asthma and exacerbation of underlying asthma caused by heroin inhalation, potentially resulting in death.[9][10][11]
Advantages[edit]
Vaporizing significantly decreases or eliminates certain risks of heroin use, such as the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other blood-borne diseases through needle sharing, the introduction of skin bacteria to the bloodstream due to non-sterile injection, and the stress that injection puts on veins.
Oral administration may also eliminate these risks, but the high is much less intense and longer.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ foily. ISBN 978-0-19-982994-1. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ a b Strang, John; Griffiths, Paul; Gossop, Michael (June 1997). "Heroin smoking by 'chasing the dragon': origins and history". Addiction. 92 (6): 673–684. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02927.x. PMID 9246796.
- ^ "What Does It Mean To "Chase The Dragon"?". Serenity Oaks Wellness. 16 May 2018.
- ^ "The smoking of heroin in Hong Kong". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1 January 1958.
- ^ Gorguner, Metin; Akgun, Metin (2010). "Acute Inhalation Injury". The Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 42 (1): 28–35. doi:10.5152/eajm.2010.09. PMC 4261306. PMID 25610115.
- ^ "Talcum Powder and Cancer". www.cancer.org.
- ^ Offiah, C.; Hall, E. (February 2008). "Heroin-induced leukoencephalopathy: characterization using MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and MR spectroscopy". Clinical Radiology. 63 (2): 146–152. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2007.07.021. PMID 18194689.
- ^ Buxton, Jane A; Sebastian, Renee; Clearsky, Lorne; Angus, Natalie; Shah, Lena; Lem, Marcus; Spacey, Sian D (2011). "Chasing the dragon - characterizing cases of leukoencephalopathy associated with heroin inhalation in British Columbia". Harm Reduction Journal. 8 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-3. PMC 3035193. PMID 21255414.
- ^ Hughes, S.; Calverley, P. M. (10 December 1988). "Heroin inhalation and asthma". BMJ. 297 (6662): 1511–1512. doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6662.1511. PMC 1835195. PMID 3147049.
- ^ Krantz, Anne J.; Hershow, Ronald C.; Prachand, Nikhil; Hayden, Dana M.; Franklin, Cory; Hryhorczuk, Daniel O. (February 2003). "Heroin Insufflation as a Trigger for Patients With Life-Threatening Asthma". Chest. 123 (2): 510–517. doi:10.1378/chest.123.2.510. PMID 12576374. S2CID 14206292.
- ^ Levine, Michael; Iliescu, Maria Elena; Margellos-Anast, Helen; Estarziau, Melanie; Ansell, David A. (October 2005). "The Effects of Cocaine and Heroin Use on Intubation Rates and Hospital Utilization in Patients With Acute Asthma Exacerbations". Chest. 128 (4): 1951–1957. doi:10.1016/S0012-3692(15)52588-9. PMID 16236840.