THC Science

Portal topics: Activities; Culture; Geography; Health; History; Mathematics; Nature; People; Philosophy; Religion; Society; Technology; Random portal

The Finland Portal

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, with Swedish being the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of the Swedish Empire as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became a Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of full independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its full independence. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence. (Full article...)

Refresh with new selections below (purge)

Selected article - show another

Ilkka “Emu” Lehtinen at his store in 2016.

Ilkka Raimo Olavi “Emu” Lehtinen (3 March 1947 – 22 October 2017) was a record dealer in Helsinki, Finland, a founder and the chief executive officer of the record store Digelius Music. According to Helsingin Sanomat, Lehtinen was “a local guru for people who would be curious to listen to music irrespective of genres, and a person with whose help customers would find wonderful new experiences starting from clean slate.” According to another Helsinki newspaper, Hufvudstadsbladet, Lehtinen was “a living legend in Finnish music circles”. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

Selected image - show another

Photo credit: fi:User:Neofelis Nebulosa
The Central Park of Helsinki during the summer

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that Kaija Saariaho's 2021 opera Innocence includes traditional Finnish cow-herding calls?
... that the Finnish 7th Division was formed in 1940 by renumbering another unit to make it appear to the Soviets that it had been replaced with fresh troops?
... that Finnish politician Maija Perho encouraged future president Sauli Niinistö to join the National Coalition Party in the 1960s?
... that Anna-Liisa Tiekso dropped out of university in 1951 to become the youngest member of the Finnish parliament?
... that Sinikka Luja-Penttilä published a novel in the same year that she retired from the Finnish parliament?
... that Turku remained the largest city in Finland after three quarters of it burned down?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

More did you know - show different entries

...that the career of Tiia Piili, four-time FISAF World Champion in sport aerobics, was threatened when she got food poisoning attending a competition in Morocco?
...that Erkki Karu founded both Suomi-Filmi and Suomen Filmiteollisuus, the two largest film production companies during the 'Golden Age' of Finnish cinema?
...that "Blooddrunk", a track by Finnish band Children of Bodom about self-destructive behaviour, debuted at number one in Finland?
...that Taisto Mäki, one of the so-called Flying Finns, was the first man to run 10,000 metres in under half an hour?
...that when called by the opposition to quit after the Kauhajoki school shooting, Finnish politician Anne Holmlund refused and compared resigning her post as Interior Minister to "desertion"?

... that the asteroid 1536 Pielinen is named after Pielinen Lake (pictured) in Finland?

More did you know facts

Good article - show another

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Kiprusoff with the Calgary Flames in 2007

Miikka Sakari Kiprusoff (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈmiːkːɑ ˈsɑkɑri ˈkiprusofː]; born October 26, 1976), nicknamed "Kipper", is a Finnish former professional ice hockey goaltender who played in the National Hockey League for the San Jose Sharks and Calgary Flames between 2000 and 2013. He was selected in the fifth round, 116th overall, by the Sharks in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft, and has also played professionally for TPS of the Finnish SM-liiga, as well as for both AIK IF and Timrå IK of the Swedish Elitserien.

Kiprusoff represented Finland several times on the international stage, earning silver medals at the Ice Hockey World Championships in 1999 and 2001, as well as leading the Finns to a surprise second-place finish at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey. He also helped the Finnish national team win the bronze medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics. (Full article...)

List of Good articles

General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 2Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 3Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 4Sámi / Laplander family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 5The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 6Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki (from Culture of Finland)
Image 7Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 8The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 9A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 10A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 112007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 12The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 13Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 14Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 15Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 16An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 17Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 18Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 19This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 20Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 21Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 22(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 23The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 24Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 25Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 26Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 27Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 28In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 29Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 30People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 31Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 32Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 33The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)
Image 34Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 35In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 36The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 37Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 38Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 39A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 40Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 41Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 42Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 43Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 44Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 45Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture [fi] (from History of Finland)
Image 46Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 47Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 48Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 49Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 50Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 51Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 52Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 53Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 54The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 55Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 56A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 57Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 58The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 59A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 60A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 61Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 62President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 63Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 64Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 65The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 66Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 67A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 68In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 69S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 70President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 71Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 72Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 73Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 74Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 75Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)

In the news

1 March 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is sworn in as the 13th President of Finland. (Reuters)
11 February 2024 – 2024 Finnish presidential election: Alexander Stubb is elected President of Finland with 51.6% of the vote.(Yle)
27 January 2024 – Israel–Hamas war: The United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Italy, Canada, Finland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany suspend humanitarian aid to UNRWA over allegations that some UNRWA staff members were involved in the Hamas-led attack on Israel. (BBC News) (CBS News)
14 December 2023 – Finland–United States relations: Finland announces the creation of a defense cooperation agreement with the United States. The agreement will grant Finland access to American military resources for use in defensive operations, while the US will gain military access to Finland in the event of conflict. (Reuters)
29 November 2023 – Finland–Poland relations, Finland–Russia relations: National Security Bureau chief Jacek Siewiera announces that Poland will send "a team of military advisors" to the Finland–Russia border in response to an official request for allied support. Finland says it was unaware of the Polish offer. Russia warns against the move, viewing the concentration of troops on the border as a threat. (Reuters)
28 November 2023 – Finland–Russia relations: Finland closes the entire border with Russia after accusing the Russian government of facilitating the entry of asylum seekers into the country. (The Guardian)

Related portals

Northern Europe

Other countries

Selected panorama - show another

Photo credit: commons:User:Mikael Korpela

Panoramic photo shot of Jyväskylä, Finland

More panoramas...

Topics

Recognized content

Extended content

Featured articles

Featured lists

Good articles

Did you know? articles

Featured pictures

Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
Eero-Saarinen (cropped)
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

In the News articles

Main page featured articles

Main page featured lists

Picture of the day pictures

Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

Things you can do

Add the {{Portal|Finland}} template to existing See also sections of Finland-related articles.
Tag the talk pages of Finland-related articles with the {{WikiProject Finland}} template. (Tip: Use PetScan to find articles not tagged yet by replacing the category "Finnish films" with another category and adjust "Depth" if needed. This tool is helpful for tagging. See also the list of pages not tagged yet.)
Rate unassessed and unknown-importance articles according to the guidelines. (This tool is helpful for doing these.)
Translate a Finnish-language article into English.
Expand a stub into a full article.
Help with the articles needing attention (watch) and cleanup.
Create a requested article (watch).
Support fresh articles (watch).
Patrol the recent changes.
Add the following pages to your watchlist:
- The project's talk page (watch)
- Article alerts (watch)
- List of new pages (watch)