THC Science

HCAR3
Identifiers
Aliases	HCAR3, GPR109B, HCA3, HM74, PUMAG, Puma-g, Niacin receptor 2, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3
External IDs	OMIM: 606039 HomoloGene: 130547 GeneCards: HCAR3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	122,716,811 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8843
	n/a
	ENSG00000255398
	n/a
	P49019
	n/a
	NM_006018
	n/a
	NP_006009
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA₃), also known as niacin receptor 2 (NIACR2) and GPR109B,^[3] is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HCAR3 gene.^[4]^[5] HCA₃, like the other hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors HCA₁ and HCA₂, is a G_i/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).^[3]^[6] The primary endogenous agonists of HCA₃ are 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and kynurenic acid.^[3]^[6]^[7] HCA₃ is also a low-affinity biomolecular target for niacin (aka nicotinic acid).^[8]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000255398 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b ^c Offermanns S, Colletti SL, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, IJzerman AP (June 2011). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B)". Pharmacological Reviews. 63 (2): 269–90. doi:10.1124/pr.110.003301. PMID 21454438.
^ "Entrez Gene: GPR109B G protein-coupled receptor 109B".
^ Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K (October 1993). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors". International Immunology. 5 (10): 1239–49. doi:10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239. PMID 7505609.
^ ^a ^b S Offermanns, SL Colletti, AP IJzerman, TW Lovenberg, G Semple, A Wise, MG Waters. "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 13 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Kapolka, NJ; Taghon, GJ; Rowe, JB; Morgan, WM; Enten, JF; Lambert, NA; Isom, DG (9 June 2020). "DCyFIR: a high-throughput CRISPR platform for multiplexed G protein-coupled receptor profiling and ligand discovery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (23): 13117–13126. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11713117K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2000430117. PMC 7293659. PMID 32434907.
^ Peters, A; Krumbholz, P; Jäger, E; Heintz-Buschart, A; Çakir, MV; Rothemund, S; Gaudl, A; Ceglarek, U; Schöneberg, T; Stäubert, C (May 2019). "Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria present in fermented foods are highly potent agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3". PLOS Genetics. 15 (5): e1008145. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008145. PMC 6532841. PMID 31120900.

External links[edit]

"Nicotinic Acid Receptor Family: GPR109B". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-12-09.

Further reading[edit]

Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K (October 1993). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors". International Immunology. 5 (10): 1239–49. doi:10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239. PMID 7505609.
Zingoni A, Rocchi M, Storlazzi CT, Bernardini G, Santoni A, Napolitano M (June 1997). "Isolation and chromosomal localization of GPR31, a human gene encoding a putative G protein-coupled receptor". Genomics. 42 (3): 519–23. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4754. hdl:11573/245592. PMID 9205127.
Irobi J, Nelis E, Verhoeven K, De Vriendt E, Dierick I, De Jonghe P, Van Broeckhoven C, Timmerman V (June 2002). "Mutation analysis of 12 candidate genes for distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II (distal HMN II) linked to 12q24.3". Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. 7 (2): 87–95. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8027.2002.02014.x. PMID 12090300. S2CID 8453412.
Wise A, Foord SM, Fraser NJ, Barnes AA, Elshourbagy N, Eilert M, Ignar DM, Murdock PR, Steplewski K, Green A, Brown AJ, Dowell SJ, Szekeres PG, Hassall DG, Marshall FH, Wilson S, Pike NB (March 2003). "Molecular identification of high and low affinity receptors for nicotinic acid". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (11): 9869–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210695200. PMID 12522134.
Tunaru S, Kero J, Schaub A, Wufka C, Blaukat A, Pfeffer K, Offermanns S (March 2003). "PUMA-G and HM74 are receptors for nicotinic acid and mediate its anti-lipolytic effect". Nature Medicine. 9 (3): 352–5. doi:10.1038/nm824. PMID 12563315. S2CID 20451806.
Soga T, Kamohara M, Takasaki J, Matsumoto S, Saito T, Ohishi T, Hiyama H, Matsuo A, Matsushime H, Furuichi K (March 2003). "Molecular identification of nicotinic acid receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 303 (1): 364–9. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00342-5. PMID 12646212.
Toulza E, Mattiuzzo NR, Galliano MF, Jonca N, Dossat C, Jacob D, de Daruvar A, Wincker P, Serre G, Guerrin M (2007). "Large-scale identification of human genes implicated in epidermal barrier function". Genome Biology. 8 (6): R107. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-6-r107. PMC 2394760. PMID 17562024.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000255398 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[IUPHAR's_comprehensive_2011_review_on_HCARs-3] Offermanns S, Colletti SL, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, IJzerman AP (June 2011). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B)". Pharmacological Reviews. 63 (2): 269–90. doi:10.1124/pr.110.003301. PMID 21454438.

[entrez-4] "Entrez Gene: GPR109B G protein-coupled receptor 109B".

[pmid7505609-5] Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K (October 1993). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors". International Immunology. 5 (10): 1239–49. doi:10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239. PMID 7505609.

[IUPHAR-DB_HCAR_family_page-6] S Offermanns, SL Colletti, AP IJzerman, TW Lovenberg, G Semple, A Wise, MG Waters. "Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 13 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Kapolka, NJ; Taghon, GJ; Rowe, JB; Morgan, WM; Enten, JF; Lambert, NA; Isom, DG (9 June 2020). "DCyFIR: a high-throughput CRISPR platform for multiplexed G protein-coupled receptor profiling and ligand discovery". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (23): 13117–13126. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11713117K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2000430117. PMC 7293659. PMID 32434907.

[8] Peters, A; Krumbholz, P; Jäger, E; Heintz-Buschart, A; Çakir, MV; Rothemund, S; Gaudl, A; Ceglarek, U; Schöneberg, T; Stäubert, C (May 2019). "Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria present in fermented foods are highly potent agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3". PLOS Genetics. 15 (5): e1008145. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008145. PMC 6532841. PMID 31120900.

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