Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction

This article is about the Italian political party. For Italy's potential withdrawal from the European Union, see Italexit.

Italexit for Italy
Italexit per l'Italia
SecretaryVacant
SpokerspersonAntonino Iracà
Andrea Perillo
Roberto Robilotta
FounderGianluigi Paragone
Founded23 July 2020
Split fromFive Star Movement
HeadquartersVia dei Grimani 4, Milan
NewspaperIl Paragone[nb 1]
IdeologyHard Euroscepticism
Populism
Sovereigntism
Political positionRight-wing
National affiliationHuman Value Party (2020–2021)
CasaPound (2022)
Colours  Blue
Chamber of Deputies
0 / 400
Senate of the Republic
0 / 200
European Parliament
0 / 76
Regional Councils
0 / 896
Website
italexit.it

Italexit for Italy (Italian: Italexit per l'Italia), usually referred to simply as Italexit, is a populist, sovereignist, and hard Eurosceptic political party in Italy, which advocates the country's exit from the eurozone and the European Union. Its founder is Gianluigi Paragone, a former member of the Senate of the Republic and TV journalist. Paragone and Italexit oppose Italy's membership in NATO. Although the party rejects a classification on the political spectrum and includes some left-wing positions, it is considered right-wing due to Paragone's profile. Italexit was founded in 2020 after Paragone was expelled from the Five Star Movement (M5S). Between 2020 and 2022, Italexit was joined by several members of the Italian Parliament, mainly from the M5S and the League (Lega). Paragone had been a supporter of the M5S–Lega government, which was known as the Government of Change, and opposed the M5S government with the Democratic Party (PD).

Italexit was one of the leading parlaimentary parties critical of the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, particularly of the Green Pass. In the 2021 and 2022 local elections, Paragone and Italexit were unsuccessful in becoming mayor of Milan and electing councilors, respectively. For the 2022 Italian general election, Italexit formed a joint list with Alternativa, which represented left-leaning members of the M5S that exited the party after it joined the national unity government of Mario Draghi. Their alliance soon ended after Italexit had included far-right and neo-fascist candidates from CasaPound. During this period, the Italian press reported that CasaPound had successfully gained control of Italexit. In December 2023, Paragone left Italexit. In March 2024, some former Italexit members founded the Movement for Italexit, which was not supported by Paragone.

History[edit]

Gianluigi Paragone (pictured in 2018) was the party's founder and leader until 2023.

In January 2020, M5S senator and former journalist Gianluigi Paragone,[nb 2] who was close to the Northern League (LN) during his journalistic career and was known for his Eurosceptic stance,[3][4][5] was expelled from the party after he abstained in the vote of confidence for the second Conte government, which was supported by M5S and the PD; he had also voted against the 2022 budget.[6][7][8] In the following months, Paragone was speaking about a new party, talking about the "need for courage ... and money".[9] In July 2020, a few weeks after meeting with Nigel Farage, a key figure of the Brexit movement,[10] Paragone launched Italexit with the stated goal of taking Italy out of the European Union.[11] Two M5S senators (Carlo Martelli and Mario Giarrusso) defected to Italexit in 2021,[12] while Lega senator William De Vecchis and deputy Jessica Costanzo, who had been already expelled from the M5S, also joined in 2022.[13][14]

Between 2021 and 2022, Italexit was critical towards the policies of the Draghi government, which was established as a national unity government,[nb 3] in particular those applied to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The party strongly opposed the EU Digital COVID Certificate, also known as the Green Pass,[nb 4] which became mandatory to work and travel in the country from October 2021 onwards.[15] Paragone labelled the vaccination certificate an "obligation of infamy",[16] stated that he was not vaccinated, and described his opposition to mandatory vaccination as a "religious war".[17] In the 2021 Milan municipal election, Paragone obtained 2.99% of the vote and came in third behind incumbent mayor Giuseppe Sala of the centre-left coalition and Luca Bernardo of the centre-right coalition. As he did not surpass the 3% electoral thresold, Paragone did not get elected to the municipal council.[18] Elsewhere in the 2021 Italian local elections, Italexit's candidates scored from a low of 0.8% of the vote in Turin,[19] to a high of 2.0% in Bologna.[20]

Italexit took part to the 2022 Italian local elections.[21][22] The party scored a low of 0.9% of the vote in Como,[23] to a high of 2.6% in Alessandria.[24] In June 2022, Italexit held in Rome its first party congress. On 26 June 2022, its organizational chart and political platform were approved, while Paragone was unanimously elected party secretary.[25] In July 2022, Paragone announced the formation of a joint list of candidates for the 2022 Italian general election with Alternativa,[26][27] a party supportive of dirigisme and economic interventionism,[28] established in November 2021 by former Five Star Movement members. On 5 August 2022, Alternativa announced the dissolution of the electoral alliance with Italexit, on the grounds that neo-fascists were ostensibly present within Italexit's lists of candidates.[29] Paragone responded by accusing Alternativa of attempting to "use [Italexit] as a taxi to the Parliament".[30] On 25 September 2022, the party achieved about 1.9 of the vote and did not elect any deputy or senator.[31][32]

In a letter published on the party website in December 2023,[33][34][nb 5] Paragone resigned as secretary, returning to work as a journalist,[35][36][37] and he also prevented the party from using his name.[38] In February 2024, the party's national board appointed a provisional leadership composed of three spokerspersons: Antonino Iracà, Andrea Perillo, and Roberto Robilotta.[39][40][nb 6] In March 2024, Andrea Anderson, Giampaolo Bocci, and Carlo Carassai, all of whom were members of Paragone's Italexit, founded the Movement for Italexit and joined the Freedom list of Cateno De Luca for the 2024 European Parliament election. Paragone made clear that this was not the Italexit he had founded and issued a cease-and-desist warning.[41]

Ideology[edit]

Ideologically, Italexit is considered to be populist, sovereignist,[11] and Eurosceptic, and it is grouped with several other minor anti-establishment parties in Italy.[42] In its party programme for 2022 Italian general election, Italexit proposed a return of Italian sovereignty (especially fiscal and monetary) in contrast to the influence of European Union, with the orientation being strongly Eurosceptic and critical of part of the same Italian political and bureaucratic establishment. In this sense, it suggested policies such as the nationalization of the Bank of Italy and other strategic assets (energy, roads, communications, and water) and a social public expenditure. In the words of Alexander Damiano Ricci, "[a]lthough Paragone's credentials are more comparable to a right-wing profile, Italexit's manifesto contains all the typical elements of a left-wing program."[43] In 2022, the party presented itself to the right of the centre-right coalition.[2] On the left–right political spectrum, which the party rejected since its founding claiming to be unclassifiable and apartitico,[44] Italexit is categorized as right-wing;[45] this is also owed to Paragone,[43] who defined himself as a conservative and presented Italexit as a conservative party.[46][47]

As evidenced by its name,[48][49] the party's stated main aim at its founding was Italy's withdrawal from the European Union and the eurozone.[50][51][52] Regarding COVID-19, Italexit expressed its opposition to social limitations and EU Digital COVID Certificate, and proposed public compensations for victims of adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines and a public inquiry about the Italian management of the COVID-19 pandemic.[53][54] Italexit welcomed some dissidents from the neo-fascist social movement CasaPound in 2022, leading several members to resign amid accusations that the party had fallen to the far-right of the political spectrum.[55] The party reportedly fell further under the control of far-right militants,[56][57] and was used by CasaPound in an attempt to enter the Italian Parliament.[44] When he was party leader, Paragone stated that he wanted Italy to exit from NATO, as well as to cease the international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War against Russia, which he declared "are causing damage to [the country's] economy".[58][59][60]

Electoral results[edit]

Italian Parliament[edit]

Chamber of Deputies
Election year Votes % Seats +/− Leaders
2022 534,579 1.90
0 / 400
 Steady0
Gianluigi Paragone
Senate of the Republic
Election year Votes % Seats +/− Leaders
2022 515,294 1.87
0 / 200
 Steady0
Gianluigi Paragone

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The name of Italexit's paper is a pun between the surname of its founder (Gianluigi Paragone) and the Italian word paragone means "comparison" in English.
  2. ^ Paragone was editor of the Northern League's newspaper La Padania, deputy editor of the Libero newspaper, and host of several talk shows on Rai 2 and La7.[1][2]
  3. ^ See Roberts, Hannah (12 February 2021). "Mario Draghi forms Italian government". Politico. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
  4. ^ See Giuffrida, Angela (22 July 2021). "Italy imposes 'green pass' restrictions on unvaccinated people". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  5. ^ See Cagnoni, Paolo (29 December 2023). "Italexit per l'Italia: Gianluigi Paragone si è dimesso dalla carica di segretario nazionale del partito" [Italexit for Italy: Gianluigi Paragone has resigned from the position of national secretary of the party]. Italexit per l'Italia (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  6. ^ See Cagnoni, Paolo (6 March 2024). "Antonio Iracà: 'Italexit c'è e va avanti, con i valori e gli ideali che abbiamo sempre difeso. Contro la Ue e per il bene dell'Italia'. Il messaggio dei nuovi coordinatori. 'Ecco cosa faremo adesso'. (video)" [Antonio Iracà: "Italexit exists and is moving forward, with the values and ideals that we have always defended. Against the EU and for the good of Italy". The message from the new coordinators. "Here's what we're going to do now." (video)]. Italexit per l'Italia (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024. Cagnoni, Paolo (14 February 2024). "Italexit c'è! Il partito ha scelto il suo percorso dopo le dimissioni del segretario. Alla guida un consiglio di reggenza, si riparte dai territori". Italexit per l'Italia (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Gli sviluppi del dibattito tra europeismo e sovranismo" [The developments of the debate between Europeanism and sovereignism]. Libero Pensiero (in Italian). 1 June 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Sentiremo parlare di Italexit?" [Will we hear about Italexit?]. Il Post (in Italian). 6 August 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  3. ^ Cipolla, Alessandro (1 July 2020). "Perché si torna a parlare di Italexit? Da Paragone al referendum di Sgarbi" [Why there are talks about Italexit again? From Paragone to Sgarbi's referendum]. Money.it (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Gianluigi Paragone ha fondato un nuovo partito, 'No Europa per l'Italia – Italexit con Paragone'" [Gianluigi Paragone has founded a new party, 'No Europe for Italy – Italexit with Paragone']. Il Post (in Italian). 23 July 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Italian Senator launches Italexit party to push for leaving EU". Al Jazeera. 23 July 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  6. ^ "Paragone espulso dal Movimento 5 Stelle: 'Ha anche votato contro la legge di bilancio'. Lui: 'Sono stato espulso dal nulla'" [Paragone expelled by the 5 Star Movement: "He also voted against the budget". Him: "I was expelled out of nowhere"]. La Repubblica (in Italian). 1 January 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  7. ^ "Paragone da Rovigo lancerà il nuovo partito Italexit" [Paragone from Rovigo will launch the new Italexit party]. Il Gazzettino (in Italian). 19 July 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  8. ^ Walsh, David (10 August 2020). "How likely are European countries to vote to leave the EU?". Euronews. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  9. ^ Specchia, Francesco (29 June 2020). "Paragone: 'Per fondare un nuovo partito ci vogliono le palle' (e anche un po' i soldi)" [Paragone: "It takes balls to found a new party" (and a little money too)]. Libero Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  10. ^ Amante, Angelo (21 July 2020). "Italexit! Popular senator launches party to take Italy out of EU". Reuters. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  11. ^ a b Specchia, Francesco (23 July 2020). "Paragone presenta Italexit: 'Siamo già al 5%'" [Paragone presents Italexit: "We are already at 5%"]. Adnkronos (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  12. ^ Loria, Danilo (28 January 2021). "Crisi di governo, Paragone (Italexit): 'tutti mi schifano, sono l'unico del Gruppo Misto che non è stato chiamato'" [Government crisis, Paragone (Italexit): "They all disgust me, I'm the only one in the Mixed Group who has not been called"]. StrettoWeb (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  13. ^ "Lega, senatore De Vecchis passa a Italexit" [League, senator De Vecchis passes to Italexit]. Adnkronos (in Italian). 17 February 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  14. ^ "La deputata Jessica Costanzo passa a Italexit" [Deputy Jessica Costanzo passes to Italexit]. NewsPrima (in Italian). 12 May 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  15. ^ "Italexit, chi sono i candidati del dissenso che stanno con Paragone" [Italexit, from Puzzer to Schilirò: the candidates of dissent who are with Paragone]. Sky TG24 (in Italian). 7 August 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  16. ^ Galeazzi, Giacomo (16 February 2022). "Paragone, Giarrusso, Martelli, Dessi e gli altri sei parlamentari che hanno fatto ricorso contro il Super Green Pass" [Paragone, Giarrusso, Martelli, Dessi, and the other six members of parliament who appealed against the Super Green Pass]. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  17. ^ "'Resisto e non mi vaccino'. La sfida di Paragone: 'userò il mio corpo in questa guerra di religione'" ["I resist and I do not vaccinate". The challenge of Paragone: "I will use my body in this religious war"]. Il Tempo (in Italian). 7 January 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  18. ^ Berra, Valerio (21 February 2022). "Paragone escluso dal consiglio comunale di Milano per 43 o 1.500 voti? 'Fatti fuori per volontà politica'" [Paragone excluded from the municipal council of Milan by 43 or 1,500 votes? 'Kicked out by political decision']. OpenOnline (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  19. ^ Penna, Alexia (3 June 2021). "Ivano Verra candidato sindaco a Torino per Italexit" [Ivano Verra mayor candidate in Turin for Italexit]. Torino Today (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  20. ^ "Elezioni Bologna, BFC e Italexit per Stefano Sermenghi sindaco: le liste dei candidati" [Bologna elections, Bologna Forum Civico and Italexit for Stefano Sermenghi as mayor: the lists of candidates]. Torino Today (in Italian). 5 September 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  21. ^ Milioni, Marco (15 June 2022). "Italexit muove i primi passi a Nordest" [Italexit takes its first steps in the Northeast]. VicenzaToday (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  22. ^ "Solza in campo per Italexit. C'è la lista 'euroscettica'" [Solza in the field for Italexit. There is the "Eurosceptic" list]. Bresciaoggi (in Italian). 4 May 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Elezioni Comunali 2022 – Risultati Comune di Como (Lobardia)" [Municipal Elections 2022 – Municipality of Como (Lombardy) results]. La Repubblica (in Italian). 27 June 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  24. ^ "Elezioni Comunali 2022 – Risultati Comune di Alessandria (Piemonte)" [Municipal Elections 2022 – Municipality of Alessandria (Piedmont) results]. La Stampa (in Italian). 27 June 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  25. ^ "Gianluigi Paragone eletto all'unanimità segretario di Italexit" [Gianluigi Paragone unanimously elected Italexit secretary]. Asca Agency (in Italian). 26 June 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  26. ^ "Stefano Puzzer candidato alle Politiche con Italexit, gioia incontenibile di Paragone (video)" [Stefano Puzzer candidate for general elections with Italexit, uncontainable joy from Paragone (video)]. Trieste Cafè (in Italian). 31 July 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  27. ^ Maffi, Cesare (5 August 2022). "Gli ex grillini di Alternativa e Italexit di Paragone puntano al 3% ma chiedono che si cambino le norme sulle firme da raccogliere" [The former grillini of Alternativa and Italexit of Paragone are aiming for 3% but are asking for the rules on the signatures to be collected to be changed]. Italia Oggi. No. 183. p. 6. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  28. ^ Iacono, Agata (3 March 2021). "'L'alternativa c'è': il manifesto politico dell'opposizione a Draghi" [There is an Alternative: the political manifesto of the opposition to Draghi]. L'Antidiplomatico (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  29. ^ "Si spacca il fronte No Green pass, Alternativa di Cabras si allontana da Italexit: 'Ci sono candidati che fanno parte di gruppi di ispirazione neofascista'" [The No Green Pass front breaks, Alternativa of Cabras moves away from Italexit: "There are candidates who are part of neofascist-inspired groups"]. OpenOnline (in Italian). 5 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  30. ^ "Elezioni: dopo 48 è già rottura tra Alternativa e Italexit" [Elections: After 48 hours it's already broken up between Alternative and Italexit]. La Voce d'Italia (in Italian). 5 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  31. ^ Bompiani, Mirko (26 September 2022). "Italexit, eletti Elezioni 2022/ Risultati seggi Camera e Senato: flop, Paragone è fuori" [Italexit, 2022 elections elected / House and Senate seat results: flop, Paragone is out]. Il Sussidiario (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  32. ^ Leo, Davide (29 September 2022). "Oltre un milione e mezzo di voti non saranno rappresentati in Parlamento" [Over one and a half million votes will not be represented in Parliament]. Pagella Politica (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  33. ^ "Gianluigi Paragone non sarà più il segretario di Italexit, il partito antieuropeista che aveva fondato nel 2020" [Gianluigi Paragone will no longer be the secretary of Italexit, the anti-European party he founded in 2020]. Il Post (in Italian). 29 December 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  34. ^ "Italexit, Gianluigi Paragone lascia: 'La mia segreteria termina qui'" [Italexit, Gianluigi Paragone leaves: "My secretary ends here"]. La Stampa (in Italian). 29 December 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  35. ^ Stefanoni, Franco (29 December 2023). "L'addio di Paragone a Italexit: 'Via il mio nome, servono energie fresche'" [Paragone's farewell to Italexit: "Away with my name, fresh energy is needed"]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  36. ^ "Gianluigi Paragone: perché mi dimetto da Italexit e lascio la politica" [Gianluigi Paragone: why I resign from Italexit and leave politics]. Il Tempo (in Italian). 30 December 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  37. ^ Pucciarelli, Matteo (5 April 2024). "La terza vita di Paragone dopo Italexit: 'Basta politica, ricomincio con un libro contro la Maledetta Europa'" [Paragone's third life after Italexit: "Enough politics, I'll start again with a book against Cursed Europe"]. La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  38. ^ "L'addio di Paragone alla politica, strappo definitivo con Italexit: 'Torno a fare il giornalista: non usate più il nome'" [Paragone's farewell to politics, definitive break with Italexit: "I'm going back to being a journalist: don't use the name anymore"]. Open (in Italian). 29 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  39. ^ "Italexit, nominato Consiglio di reggenza. Ilario Chiera il coordinatore ligure" [Italexit, appointed the Board of Regents. Ilario Chiera the Ligurian coordinator]. Città della Spezia (in Italian). 17 February 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  40. ^ "Italexit per l'Italia, il lucano Roberto Robilotta nel Consiglio di reggenza" [Italexit for Italy, the Lucanian Roberto Robilotta in the Council of Regency]. SassiLive (in Italian). 14 March 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  41. ^ Maestri, Gabriele (14 March 2024). "Europee, Movimento per l'Italexit con De Luca (ma già diffidato)" [European elections, Movement for Italexit with De Luca (but already warned)]. I simboli della discordia (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  42. ^ Gonzato, Federico; Leo, Davide (16 August 2022). "Chi sono gli 'antisistema': Italexit di Paragone e Alternativa per l'Italia" [Who are the "anti-establishment": Paragone's Italexit and Alternative for Italy]. Pagella Politica (in Italian). Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  43. ^ a b Ricci, Alexander Damiano (2022). Propaganda Europa [Propaganda Europe] (in Italian). Edizioni Gruppo Abele. p. 174. ISBN 978-88-6579-265-0.
  44. ^ a b "Così l'estrema destra si è presa Italexit e ora punta a entrare in Parlamento con i voti di Paragone" [This is how the far right took Italexit and is now aiming to enter Parliament with Paragone's votes]. Fanpage.it (in Italian). 20 September 2022.
  45. ^ "Italy". Europe Elects. 2022. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  46. ^ Caliendo, Emiliano (10 March 2022). "Italexit di Paragone sbarca a Napoli e recluta nuovi amministratori locali" [Italexit of Paragone lands in Naples and recruits new local administrators]. Il Mattino (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  47. ^ "In Onda, alta tensione tra Gianluigi Paragone e Marianna Aprile-Luca Telese. Covid e candidato, che scintille" [In Onda, high tension between Gianluigi Paragone and Marianna Aprile-Luca Telese. Covid and candidate, what sparks]. Il Tempo (in Italian). 13 August 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  48. ^ Follain, John (23 July 2020). "Populist Senator Founds 'Italexit' Party to Quit EU, Ditch Euro". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
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  51. ^ "Italian politician launches anti-EU party to push for 'Italexit'". The Local. 23 July 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
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  57. ^ Scaffidi, Giuseppe Luca (24 September 2022). "Come Italexit è diventata il nuovo parco giochi dell'estrema destra italiana" [How Italexit became the new playground of the Italian far right]. Rolling Stone Italia. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  58. ^ "Gianluigi Paragone a Verona a caccia delle firme per poter presentarsi a Camera e Senato" [Gianluigi Paragone in Verona hunting for signatures to be able to present himself to the Chamber and the Senate]. Adige di Verona (in Italian). 11 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  59. ^ Bravetti, Antonio (3 August 2022). "Alternativa e ItalExit: 'Mattarella ci esoneri dalle firme o ci vedremo in piazza'" [Alternativa and Italexit: "Mattarella will exempt us from signing or we will see you in the square"]. Agenzia Dire (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  60. ^ Grignetti, Francesco (22 August 2022). "Gli antisistema di Italexit: No Vax, No euro e ora No Nato" [Italexit's anti-establishment: No Vax, No euro and now No Nato]. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2022.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italexit_(political_party)