Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction

Caroline Simmons
Simmons sitting on a chair for a mayoral debate
Simmons in 2021
32nd Mayor of Stamford
Assumed office
December 1, 2021
Preceded byDavid Martin
Member of the
Connecticut House of Representatives
from the 144th District
In office
January 7, 2015 – December 1, 2021
Preceded byMichael Molgano
Succeeded byHubert Douglas Delany
Personal details
Born (1986-02-10) February 10, 1986 (age 38)
Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
​
(m. 2017)​
[1]
EducationHarvard University (BA)
George Washington University (MA)

Caroline Simmons (born February 10, 1986) is an American politician serving as the mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as State Representative for Connecticut's 144th District, where she was the youngest female legislator in Connecticut state office.[2] She is married to former Republican State Senator Art Linares. Simmons won the 2021 Stamford mayoral election, becoming the city's first female mayor.[3]

Early life and career[edit]

Simmons was born in Greenwich, Connecticut and raised in a family of five children with a Democratic mother and Republican father.[4] She was the president of her high school, captain of three varsity sports and a two-time All-American lacrosse player.[5] She earned her bachelor's degree from Harvard College in 2008, where she majored in Government.[5] While in college, Simmons played on the varsity lacrosse team and spent a semester studying abroad at the American University in Egypt.[5]

After graduating Harvard she worked on Barack Obama's Presidential Transition Team, before accepting a job at the Department of Homeland Security.[6][7] At the Department of Homeland Security, Simmons served as Director of Special Projects in the Counterterrorism Coordinator's Office and traveled to Kabul many times for her work.[5][7] Simmons also earned a Master of Arts degree in Middle East Studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University in 2011.[5]

Connecticut General Assembly[edit]

Elections[edit]

In 2014, Simmons became a state representative candidate for the 144th district.[8] Simmons defeated incumbent Republican Michael Molgano with 53.8% of the vote, and was the only Connecticut Democrat in 2014 to defeat an incumbent Republican.[9] In 2016, Simmons won re-election, defeating her challenger with 67% of the vote.[10] In 2018 and 2020, Simmons won re-election, while pregnant during both elections.[11]

Tenure[edit]

In her first term, Simmons Introduced or co-sponsored 53 bi-partisan bills, two which reduced regulations for small businesses and six of which lowered taxes on hospitals, businesses, and residents.[12] She also secured $65 million in funding for schools, passed legislation improving public safety, gun safety, and pedestrian safety, and co-sponsored legislation for a Connecticut Competitiveness Council.[13] Simmons introduced and led debate on a bill to enhance the state's cyber security.[14] During her second term, Simmons continued advocating for improvements to Stamford public schools, infrastructure, and public safety.[13] She was appointed as Chair of the Commerce Committee, becoming one of the youngest women to ever do so.[citation needed] As chair, she has focused on small business development and job growth, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mayor of Stamford (2021–present)[edit]

2021 election[edit]

Main article: 2021 Stamford mayoral election
Simmons sits at a table next to Valentine for the Chamber of Commerce debate.
Simmons debates Valentine for the televised debate hosted at Giovanni's in Darien.

On February 10, 2021, Simmons declared her run for mayor of Stamford, Connecticut in the 2021 Stamford mayoral election.[15] Simmons was endorsed by the Stamford Democratic City Committee against two-term incumbent Mayor David Martin.[16] Simmons was also endorsed by the Independent Party of Connecticut.[17] Martin collected enough signatures to force a Democratic primary election which took place on September 14, 2021. Simmons defeated Martin in a landslide, winning the majority of votes in every voting district.[18][19] Simmons had raised over $239,000 for her primary campaign, outpacing Martin's $78,000.[20]

Simmons faced unaffiliated candidate Bobby Valentine in the general election. The Republican-endorsed candidate dropped out prior to the Democratic primary and endorsed Valentine.[21] The race attracted several high-profile donors,[22] amounting to a total of $1.2M between both candidates.[23] Simmons garnered national attention after she announced she was expecting her third child,[24] and again when she was endorsed by President Barack Obama.[25] The race was characterized as "tense" with Simmons claiming Valentine had used misogynistic language and Valentine claiming Simmons was ageist.[26]

Initial results on election night indicated a close race, but absentee ballots swung heavily in Simmons' favor resulting in a 5-point victory.[27] Valentine originally claimed duplicate ballots may have influenced the result,[28] but conceded soon afterward. Valentine did not contact Simmons on election night,[29] and characterized local press coverage as "lousy", adding he could not compliment Simmons' victory "with an open heart and clear mind."[30]

Tenure[edit]

photo of Simmons receiving oath of office
Mayor Simmons receives the oath of office from Connecticut Attorney General William Tong.

Cabinet[edit]

Prior to being sworn into office, Mayor-elect Simmons appointed State Senator Patricia Billie Miller, Cradle to Career President Bridget Fox, and Stamford Health President Kathleen Silard to serve as co-chairs for her transition team.[31] Miller was the most senior legislator among the Stamford delegation and an ally to Simmons throughout her mayoral campaign.[32] Fox previously served in the City of Stamford under Mayors Malloy and Pavia. Fox was later appointed as Simmons' chief of staff.[33]

After being sworn in as Mayor, Simmons announced she would retain two cabinet members from the previous administration: Sandra Dennies as Director of Administration, and Ted Jankowski as Director of Public Safety, Health, and Welfare.[34] Dennies and Jankowski were both incumbents in their positions who served under Mayor Martin. Dennies had previously served as Director of Administration under Mayor Malloy.[35] Jankowski was nominated by Mayor Pavia in 2012 and reappointed by Martin for both of his terms.[36][37]

Simmons brought in new appointments for cabinet positions including Matthew Quinones as Director of Operations, Doug Dalena as Director of Legal Affairs, and Loren Nadres as Director of Economic Development. Quinones had previously served on Stamford's Board of Representatives since 2013, including as President of the Board from 2017 to 2021.[34] Dalena left his position as Deputy General Counsel to Governor Lamont to accept the position in Stamford.[38] Nadres had worked in New York City on economic issues for over a decade prior to accepting her role in Stamford.[39] All of Simmons' appointments were approved by the Board of Representatives.[40] However, the majority of Simmons' initial cabinet resigned within her first year including Jankowski, Dennies, Dalena, and Nadres.[41][42][43][44][45]

First Year[edit]

Simmons stands with Lamont and Stamford business owner
Simmons speaks with Governor Lamont and a Stamford business owner

In her first year as Mayor, Simmons pursued policies that addressed the affordability of living in Stamford. Her administration's first-year budget recommended a 1 percent tax increase.[46] This increase was below the city's average of 2 to 3 percent each year from 2013 to 2022.[47] Simmons pursued capital budget increases for sidewalk construction and school buildings while obtaining state and federal funding to offset the increased cost on taxpayers.[46][48] These capital investments echoed a claim made by commentators during Simmons' mayoral campaign that her connections to state and federal agencies could result in more funding for local initiatives.[49]

In August 2022, Simmons' administration pursued a project to renovate Stamford's Glenbrook Community Center into affordable housing but the proposal received significant pushback.[50] Stamford's Board of Representatives Legislative and Rules Committee voted against the proposal and local residents organized in opposition to the plan.[50] In a public meeting with organizers, Simmons claimed the proposal was the target of misinformation. She later submitted her first op-ed to the local newspaper emphasizing the claims of misinformation and characterizing counter-proposals as "not operationally viable or fiscally responsible."[51] Despite her initial defense of the proposal, Simmons eventually withdrew the proposal before it was voted on by the board.[52]

Simmons' public comments about the failed affordable housing proposal received criticism from board members after the proposal was rescinded.[53] Prior to withdrawing the proposal, Simmons attended a conference in Chicago and claimed opposition to affordable housing in Stamford included "really abhorrent language from some community members around 'Are there going to be background checks for the people living in this facility?' and just really despicable language."[53] These comments were shared by Simmons on her own personal Instagram page. When asked to identify individuals who used this language, Simmons singled out Democratic Majority Leader Nina Sherwood and another board member of the same party.[53] Sherwood said the mayor's claim was "a complete fabrication" and asked Simmons to "tell the truth and apologize for her hurtful Chicago statements."[53] Simmons denied to elaborate on her claims and stated she wasn't interested in "calling people out individually."[53] Stamford's Board of Representatives requested a meeting to privately discuss "alleged and misconstrued comments" but the outcome of this request was not publicly reported.[54]

Charter Revision[edit]

In 2022, Stamford initiated a charter review process which is required by the city’s charter every 10 years.[55] Stamford’s Board of Representatives selected 15 individuals to serve on the committee and claimed each person selected was weighed on a number of factors including party affiliation, where the candidate lives in the city, personality, professional experience, government service, age, and gender.[55] The chair of the charter revision committee anticipated the committee would take 16 months to put together recommendations for the public to vote on in 2024.[55]

The charter revision committee’s draft changes were revealed in May 2023 and were characterized as shifting municipal power to the Board of Representatives.[56] The proposed changes covered a variety of areas of municipal governance, but public discussion focused on changes that either directly or indirectly related to housing. These changes included: a new petition process allowing the public to appeal any change to zoning regulations, the city’s zoning map, or the city’s master plan with 300 signatures from residents in the city; a new appointment process for city boards allowing the Board of Representatives to appoint board members if the current board member was serving on an expired term and the mayor had failed to successfully appoint a replacement, and; a dedicated legal counsel for the Board of Representatives separate from the city’s Department of Legal Affairs. These changes would have made it easier for the public and the Board of Representatives to challenge newly approved developments in Stamford through appeals or legal action.[56]

The substance and process of the proposed changes drew criticism from the public.[57] Critics argued the substance of the proposed revisions would have suppressed development, worsened the city’s housing crisis, made government less efficient, and devalued residents who do not own property. Critics of the process of the proposed revisions expressed concern over the charter revision committee not requesting feedback from the city’s zoning board, planning board, board of appeals, in addition to refusing recommendations from Simmons, former Mayor Martin, and the city’s legal department. The charter revision committee released a letter in response to these criticisms and characterized them as “’the sky is falling’ chorus that oppose modest and reasonable changes”.[58]

Simmons opposed the proposed charter revisions. In an op-ed published by the Stamford Advocate on June 27, she argued the revisions would undermine goals she had for her administration such as advancing the city’s economic prosperity and making government more responsive to residents.[59] Simmons’ op-ed made reference to her personally advocating to “the state to preserve existing tools in our City Charter”. This was later reported to be a reference to a provision to Connecticut’s budget bill for that year which included language that would change state law to outlaw specific proposed revisions to Stamford's charter.[60] This budget bill was passed by Connecticut’s legislature in early June 2023, and was set to be signed by Governor Lamont on June 29 — two days after the op-ed’s publication.

Simmons’ advocacy to state legislators to block specific proposals in a local charter revision process was criticized by local representatives.[60] One local publication referred to Simmons’ action as a “rat” and this terminology was subsequently used by critics of Simmons.[61] State Representatives David Michel and Anabel Figueroa — two supporters of the proposed charter revisions — voted in favor of the budget bill but criticized Simmons’ action and claimed they were unaware of the language requested by Simmons. Stamford’s President of the Board of Representatives said “the mayor has shown a total lack of respect for the people of the city of Stamford, the Board of Representatives and the Charter Commission.”[60] Simmons’ op-ed defended her actions. Simmons claimed she and the city’s legal counsel met with members of the charter revision committee to express concerns but “these concerns were not taken into consideration”.[59]

Despite the criticism of Simmons, public opinion swayed against the proposed charter revisions. A group called “Stamford for Fair Government” was created as a political PAC against the charter revision and raised more than $100,000 advocating against the proposed changes.[62] Supporters of this group included former Mayor Martin — who was previously denied membership on the charter revision committee.[55] Martin became a vocal critic of the substance and process of the proposed revisions and said the charter revisions were an attempt by the Board of Representatives "to run the city, and 40 people just don’t do a very good job of running the city.”[63]

Criticism of the charter revision process grew after the Board of Representatives voted to submit the charter revisions as a single-question referendum and for the referendum to take place in 2023.[64] Previously, the city’s legal department advised the board the city’s charter compelled any charter referendum to take place in 2024 or in another year “to coincide with a general election at which either the mayor, state officials or federal officials are to be elected.”[64]

Proponents of the charter revisions repeatedly claimed opponents to the revisions were bankrolled by real estate developers. One news outlet published a drawing depicting Simmons reviewing building plans while surrounded by developers.[61] Stamford’s Democratic Majority Leader for the Board of Representatives Nina Sherwood became a highly visible advocate for the charter revisions and called the referendum a “David and Goliath situation where big money is protecting its interests which are in direct conflict with yours.”[65] Other proponents refuted the claim the revisions were a “power grab” including op-eds from the Chair of the revision committee[66] and former mayoral candidate Barry Michelson.[67]

The charter referendum vote failed. More than 11,000 citizens voted against the proposed changes compared to roughly 8,400 who voted in favor. Simmons called the vote “a victory for progress in the city of Stamford.”[68] Less than two days after the vote, the Board of Representatives drafted a resolution to resubmit the charter revision vote for 2024 but later withdrew the proposal.[69] Sherwood was quoted saying “nobody has the stomach to fight any more about this.”[70]

Personal life[edit]

Simmons lives in Stamford with her Republican husband and three children.[71] Outside of political office, she is involved in the community and serves on the board of the Women's Business Development Council and the Executive Committee of the Stamford Partnership.[72]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Amid the Partisan Bickering in Hartford, A Republican and a Democrat Found Love". 11 October 2017.
  2. ^ Skalka, Liz (November 9, 2016). "Simmons wins second term in 144th District". Stamford Advocate.
  3. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-11-03). "Caroline Simmons wins Stamford mayoral election as Bobby Valentine concedes". Stamford Advocate. Hearst Communications. Archived from the original on 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
  4. ^ Skalka, Liz (December 27, 2016). "State Rep finds surprise proposal in The Advocate". Stamford Advocate.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Representative Hopes to Lead By Example". Stamford Advocate. August 31, 2015.
  6. ^ Skalka, Liz. "Representative hopes to lead by example". Stamford Advocate. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Caroline Simmons Biography". Connecticut House Democrats.
  8. ^ Simmons, Caroline (March 29, 2014). "Why I'm Running in the 144th District". Stamford Advocate.
  9. ^ "Connecticut House of Representatives elections, 2014". Ballotpedia.
  10. ^ "Connecticut 144th District State House Results: Caroline Simmons Wins". The New York Times. December 13, 2016.
  11. ^ Munson, Emilie (2018-05-07). "Democrat and GOP lawmakers announce first child together". Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  12. ^ "Caroline Simmons: Why I am running for re-election". AP News. 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
  13. ^ a b Tomlinson, Pat (February 4, 2016). "Simmons announces re-election bid to Stamford's 144th". Stamford Advocate.
  14. ^ "Stamford's Simmons backs cybersecurity bil". Stamford Advocate. April 17, 2015.
  15. ^ Laguarda, Ignacio (2021-02-10). "State Rep. Caroline Simmons to challenge incumbent David Martin for Stamford mayor". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  16. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-07-25). "Simmons narrowly wins Stamford's Democratic endorsement for mayor; Martin looks to force primary". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  17. ^ "Broad coalition endorses independent practice for Medicare psychologists". PsycEXTRA Dataset. 2020. doi:10.1037/e509472020-001. S2CID 242843889. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  18. ^ Del Valle, Veronica (2021-09-14). "State Rep. Caroline Simmons defeats Mayor David Martin in Stamford Democratic mayoral primary". Stamford Advocate. Hearst Communications. Archived from the original on 2021-09-15. Retrieved 2021-10-03.
  19. ^ "Public Reporting". ctemspublic.pcctg.net. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  20. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-07-17). "George Bush, Linda McMahon among donors: Valentine outraises Simmons and Martin in Stamford mayoral campaign". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  21. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-09-08). "Joe Corsello, Republican candidate for Stamford mayor, drops out of race and endorses Bobby Valentine". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  22. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-07-17). "George Bush, Linda McMahon among donors: Valentine outraises Simmons and Martin in Stamford mayoral campaign". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  23. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-11-18). "Caroline Simmons, Bobby Valentine raised more than $1.2M in Stamford mayoral race. What did they spend it on?". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  24. ^ Altimari, Daniela (2021-11-08). "Mothers of young children a rising political force as Stewart, Simmons lead two of Connecticut's largest cities". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  25. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-10-21). "Former President Barack Obama endorses Caroline Simmons in Stamford mayoral race". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  26. ^ Keating, Christopher (2021-10-27). "In Stamford mayoral race, 71-year-old Bobby Valentine called his Democratic opponent a '35-year-old girl.' Caroline Simmons said the comments are 'misogynistic' and 'offensive.'". HartfordCourant. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  27. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-11-03). "A 1,500 vote difference put Caroline Simmons over Bobby Valentine to become Stamford's next mayor". StamfordAdvocate.
  28. ^ Erwin, Joe (2021-11-03). "Bobby Valentine loses tight mayoral race in Stamford, suggests some voted twice". StamfordAdvocate.
  29. ^ Breunig, John (2021-11-06). "John Breunig (opinion): Caroline Simmons made history in CT. Can she make more?". StamfordAdvocate.
  30. ^ Schnell, Michael (2021-11-03). "Ex-MLB manager Valentine hints at election irregularities after mayoral loss". The Hill.
  31. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-07-17). "Stamford Mayor-elect Caroline Simmons taps Bridget Fox, Patricia Billie Miller, Kathleen Silard to head transition team". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  32. ^ Billie Miller, Patricia (2021-10-20). "State Sen. Patricia Billie Miller (opinion): Why I am voting for Caroline Simmons". StamfordAdvocate. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  33. ^ Kaufman, Richard (2021-12-02). "Mayor Simmons Announces Cabinet Appointments". Patch. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  34. ^ a b Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-12-01). "Stamford Mayor Simmons names nominees for three cabinet positions: Some new faces, some old". StamfordAdvocate.
  35. ^ Laguarda, Ignacio (2020-02-28). "Stamford hires former administration director to replace Handler". StamfordAdvocate.
  36. ^ Nickerson, John (2012-03-26). "Jankowski brings N.Y. experience to public safety role". StamfordAdvocate.
  37. ^ King, Kate (2014-01-07). "Mayor assembles administration".
  38. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-12-09). "Simmons poaches Lamont's deputy general counsel for top legal affairs post in Stamford". StamfordAdvocate.
  39. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2021-12-24). "Mayor Simmons selects economic development director to help Stamford 'think globally'". StamfordAdvocate.
  40. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2022-03-14). "Stamford Mayor Simmons' first 100 days: Her controversial pick of Fedeli, COVID mandates, and a new baby". StamfordAdvocate.
  41. ^ Tomlinson, Pat (2022-08-14). "From Stamford patrol to bomb squad to assistant chief: New public safety director says 'you never stop learning'".
  42. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2022-06-14). "Stamford Public Safety Director Ted Jankowski announces plans to step down".
  43. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-01-01). "Stamford legal affairs director to leave city, return to Hartford for state job".
  44. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-04-11). "She served three Stamford mayors. Now the city's chief financial officer will retire in June".
  45. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-05-22). "Stamford's economic development director resigns after little more than a year in job".
  46. ^ a b Gurciullo, Brianna (2022-03-10). "Stamford mayor's proposed $638M budget includes new positions, plus $59M for capital projects, like sidewalks".
  47. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2022-05-25). "Stamford homeowners to pay 1% more in taxes to help create $20M school construction reserve". StamfordAdvocate.
  48. ^ Laguarda, Ignacio (2022-05-10). "Stamford schools to get more state aid, including $200M for new Westhill High: 'A game changer'". StamfordAdvocate.
  49. ^ "Editorial: We endorse Simmons over Valentine for Stamford mayor". StamfordAdvocate. 2022-10-27.
  50. ^ a b Gurciullo, Briana (2022-08-24). "Stamford reps, mayor clash over plan to make community center — Glenbrook's 'soul' — into affordable housing". StamfordAdvocate.
  51. ^ Simmons, Caroline (2022-08-31). "Mayor Simmons (opinion): When it comes to housing, Stamford can't afford to do nothing". StamfordAdvocate.
  52. ^ Gurciullo, Briana (2022-10-04). "Glenbrook Community Center's future 'in limbo' after Stamford mayor backs down on affordable housing plan". StamfordAdvocate.
  53. ^ a b c d e Gurciullo, Briana (2022-10-23). "Stamford mayor's 'background checks' comments strain relationship with city board members". StamfordAdvocate.
  54. ^ Carella, Angela (2022-11-01). "Leaders of Stamford Board Of Reps Ask to Meet Simmons Over Claims of Racism". CTExaminere.
  55. ^ a b c d Gurciullo, Briana (2022-02-07). "Lots of Stamford residents wanted to serve on the Charter Revision Commission. Here's who got picked". StamfordAdvocate.
  56. ^ a b Weber, Jared (2023-05-27). "Could changes to Stamford's charter stifle development, restrict housing stock? Voters may decide". StamfordAdvocate.
  57. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-05-31). "Could Stamford become a city frosty to development? Proposed charter revisions now up to Board of Reps". StamfordAdvocate.
  58. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-06-25). "Stamford city reps, Charter Revision Commission clash over anti-development, 'sky is falling' accusations". StamfordAdvocate.
  59. ^ a b Simmons, Caroline (2023-06-27). "Mayor Simmons (opinion): 'We cannot allow the Charter process to be manipulated'". StamfordAdvocate.
  60. ^ a b c Weber, Jared (2023-06-28). "Proposed Stamford charter revisions on development banned due to last-minute add to CT budget bill". StamfordAdvocate.
  61. ^ a b Carella, Angela (2023-06-24). "Uproar as City Reps Learn Last-Minute Law Bypasses Voters, Aids Developers in Stamford". CTExaminer.
  62. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-11-04). "In Stamford's charter revision fight, 'No' camp raises $100K, 'Yes' PAC brings in $38K". StamfordAdvocate.
  63. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-10-07). "Critics of Stamford's proposed charter changes mobilize – including former Mayor David Martin". StamfordAdvocate.
  64. ^ a b Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-09-07). "Stamford voters to decide charter changes this November as a single ballot question". StamfordAdvocate.
  65. ^ Sherwood, Nina (2023-11-04). "Nina Sherwood (opinion): The real power grab in Stamford". StamfordAdvocate.
  66. ^ Bewkes, Bradley (2023-10-14). "Opinion: There's no power grabbing in Stamford". StamfordAdvocate.
  67. ^ Michelson, Barry (2023-11-04). "Opinion: Don't be fooled by charter disinformation". StamfordAdvocate.
  68. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-11-07). "IStamford voters reject changes to city's charter, vote no on ballot question, unofficial results show". StamfordAdvocate.
  69. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-11-11). "Stamford charter revision do-over? City reps pitch 2024 revote after ballot question fails". StamfordAdvocate.
  70. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2023-11-13). "Stamford reps withdraw charter revision revote proposal: 'Nobody has the stomach to fight any more'". StamfordAdvocate.
  71. ^ Gurciullo, Brianna (2022-01-26). "Stamford Mayor Simmons and husband celebrate birth of third son". StamfordAdvocate.
  72. ^ "Board of Directors". Women's Business Development Council. Retrieved 2021-02-06.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Simmons